Mgbanwe usoro mmepụta. Atụmatụ nke Industrial mgbanwe na United States na Russia

The Industrial mgbanwe, bụ nke malitere na mbubreyo narị afọ nke 18 na England na ga-ekpuchi mesịrị mepụtara na-ekwu, (narị afọ nke 19), bụ nnọchi nke ntuziaka mmepụta igwe, gaa factory site factory. Na-eduga na-elekọta mmadụ na klas na-na-arụ ọrụ na bourgeoisie. Ndabere nke mmepụta na-ekesịpde ụlọ mmepụta ihe, na-onwem na igwe.

Mgbanwe usoro mmepụta kemgbe nwayọọ nwayọọ. Ke akpa ọkara narị afọ nke 19 mgbe mgbanwe nke England na-ekpuchi United States. Mgbe ahụ, wee na ulo oru mgbanwe ke Europe. Na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ulo oru mgbanwe adịghị biri.

Mmalite nke ulo oru mgbanwe emetụta ìhè ụlọ ọrụ. Mgbe ahụ amalite ígwè ọrụ cover na ndị ọzọ na n'ichepụta ọrụ. Oge a ji nkà na ụzụ mepụtara, dị ka a lathe, a akwa akwa igwe, a ọhụrụ iga (locomotive na ụgbọ mmiri), pụtara nke nkwurịta okwu (radio, teligraf, ekwentị).

Na nkera nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 19 na ulo oru mgbanwe banyere ọhụrụ ogbo nke development. Mgbe oge a engine echepụta site na esịtidem combustion engine (esịtidem combustion engine), ígwè phonograph (ndekọ olu na imepụtaghachi ngwa), na nchọpụta nke mmanụ, chemical ụlọ ọrụ. Ndị mmadụ malitere ifịk ifịk-eji ọkụ eletrik.

The Industrial mgbanwe weere ọnọdụ na ha mma. Ha kere a US akụziri. Looms na n'ibu spinning wheel pụtara na America na 1789. Mgbe na-arụ ọrụ onye iji si England Pleyter o mere a ịbịaru nke ekwe, mgbe a afọ na United States malitere ịrụ ọrụ nke mbụ akwa factory mmepụta. Ná ngwụsị nke afọ iri ise, na oriri nke America si owu ụlọ mmepụta ihe na ụba karịa iri-na-ugboro abụọ.

Ọ ga-kwuru na ndị kasị elu ọrụ na iwebata uzuoku engines chọpụtara kemgbe mmalite nke forties narị afọ nke 19. Nke a bụ dịtụ mbubreyo iwebata mmiri e mere proliferation engine, jiri ya tụnyere ihe uzuoku, dị ọnụ ala karịa.

Nke dị oké mkpa na mmepe nke ulo oru mgbanwe ke America e nyere ndị na-ewu ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Na oge site na 1830 ka 1850 bụ karịa na ise-anọghị n'ogige atụrụ na-abawanye nke na ụgbọ okporo ígwè na netwọk.

The uto nke Ngwuputa ụlọ ọrụ na Metallurgical ụlọ ọrụ e metụtara n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ígwè ọrụ nke iga. N'ihi ya, na nke mbụ nke narị afọ nke 19, na-abawanye na ezi ígwè mmepụta site ugboro 12, na n'akuku nke mmepụta - a puku ole na ole.

Mgbanwe usoro mmepụta kwere ka ndị United States ịzụlite ya ígwè. Ka ihe atụ, nnukwu osisi n'ihi na mmepụta nke uzuoku engines na-wuru na Pennsylvania, New York.

Ọ ga-kwuru na a oké onyinye mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ na United States mere amamihe nke engineering (nwa ịnyịnya ibu, My, Morse). The mba nweela ọkụ ugbo ígwè, nke ahụ bụ n'ihi na-amụba mkpa nke ugbo. N'oge '40s -' 50s na America, ndị magburu onwe n'ibu threshers, seeders e kere, mowers na ndị ọzọ na ngwá.

N'ihi na afọ iri ise, ndị United States bubata mụbara site 4 ugboro, na-ebupụ 3.7. Otú ọ dị, ke ufọt ufọt narị afọ nke 19 na-eduga itie ke ebupụ ka na-arụ site ugbo ngwaahịa na ngwaọrụ.

Na Russian ulo oru mgbanwe na usoro bụ uncoordinated territorial na sectoral oru. Nke a bụ ihe mere a zuru ezu ogologo, ọkara a na narị afọ nke mba mgbanwe site ntuziaka oru na akpaghị aka mmepụta. Ígwè ọrụ malitere na owu ụlọ ọrụ na zitere na biri na nchara ụlọ ọrụ na eighties.

Site na oge nke-ekpochapụ serfdom, ihe karịrị 60% nke mmepụta ke oru nke nhazi ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta na ndi nkiti ọrụ na ụlọ mmepụta ihe na.

Ke n'etiti narị afọ nke 19 banyere otu narị igwe ụlọ ọrụ ọ malitere, ma ụlọ ọrụ nọgide jiri ntuziaka oru.