Mmalite nke Edinam Ukpụhọde ke Europe - Update Christianity. Na-adị ọcha nke okwukwe na nnwere onwe

Site XIV narị afọ mgbanwe na-amalite Europe. Medieval ata onwe ya ahụhụ ndụ agwa gbanwere ego. Nke a bụ n'ihi na uto nke obodo na-amụba mmetụta nke ndị ahịa, bankers, ndị ọrụ nkà, omenkà. Man n'oge ahụ bịara na-ahuta ka a free onye.

The ideals nke-adị ọcha

Ke Katọlik, ọtụtụ ọkụ n'obi na-ahụ abụghị aghara aghara mọnk na Papal Curia, ma na-adị ọcha àgwà ha, bụ nke dị nso na iwu nke Gospel. Ma n'ezie na ọ bụ. Nke ka nke, ndị mmadụ iwe-ere ịndọljens, nke si sụgharịa Latin pụtara "indulgence". Maka ego, ọ bụghị na-ekpe ekpere ma ọ bụghị na-ebu ọnụ, na-enweghị ikpe ikpe onwe gị, ị pụrụ ịzụta ndị mọnk mmehie maka mmehie. Ọ bụ anya ebe ego a na-aga, dị ka omenkà na bankers na-ọma ike ịzọpụta, na-atụle ha. Na e nwere a ije na, dị ka a ọkụ n'ọkụ ịbịakwasị dum Northern Europe na-akpọ Ndozigharị, ie ọhụrụ nke Church. Mmalite nke Edinam Ukpụhọde ke Europe, Christianity update etinye Luther na Germany.

Agba ọchịchị mgba okpuru echiche na echiche

Martin Luther (1483-1546) si ezinụlọ ndị dara ogbenye, ebe isi ihe bụ izi ịpịa. Ma nke a nkọ, ike na nnọọ okpukpe nwoke wee n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk na-atụrụ ime na Christian amamihe, na-agụ Bible na mbụ ọmụmụ ihe e kere eke nke kacha mma na-ekwusa. Mwute nye ya, ọ ngwa ngwa achọpụtabeghị otú anya Chọọchị na Pope, onye o mere dị nnọọ chi, si iwu Kraịst. Pope ike bụ oké, na e nweghị ikpe n'ụwa maka ya. The popu n'obí feasted n'echeghị agamevu, na ihe nile nke a bịara site na a mọnk gburugburu ebe obibi. Mọnk ụtọ na-eri, na-aṅụ mmanya dị mma, adịghị agbasosi posts, na-ewere oké ọnụ ego si bi, ekesịpde ogaranya n'ala. Ọ pụghị ná mma na Kraịst iwu. O kere a ozizi ọhụrụ, nke bụ mmalite nke Edinam Ukpụhọde ke Europe, emelitere Christianity. Ya isi echiche bụ:

• Ịjụ indulgences.
• Dị nnọọ ka ọ kọwaara Holy Scriptures ndị mmadụ mkpa-nchu-àjà.
• Ọdịda nke Church nke landholdings.
• Ịjụ monasticism.
• Subordination nke Church na ndị ọchịchị ụwa.
• Ofufe a ga-ekenịmde ke asụsụ.

Ya na ozizi ya na-akpọ "Nzọpụta site n'okwukwe." Ọ gbalịrị. Ma onye-isi nke Saxony zọpụta ya si ọkụ. Ndozigharị ahụ malitere, akpa ke Wittenberg na mgbe nile Germany. Ọ ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-akwado site na akụkụ nile nke ndị bi na isi ndị nchụàjà. A ọhụrụ na-emekarị a kpọrọ Protestant.

France

Si France, otu nọọrọ onwe ha Protestant Geneva rutere, na-ezo, Zhan Kalvin (1509-1564). A ọkàiwu site ọzụzụ, ọ malitere ịmụ nkà mmụta okpukpe, nakwa dị ka ọrụ nke Luther na ghọrọ a Protestant. Ọ ọma kwalitere na okwuchukwu. N'ihe odide ya Calvin stricter karịa Luther, na-abịa Christian ozizi. Ọ na-atụle ya mkpa iji wepụ niile na okomoko embellishment nke ụka iji machibido ịgba egwú na-abụ abụ, na-achị ọchị, na-onwem na a onye kwesịrị ịzọpụta mkpụrụ obi. Na France, ọ, ndị a dọọrọ n'agha na-egosi ndị na-akwado, na-akpọ Huguenots. Ha na-rụrụ mgbuchapụ na agha nke okpukpe (1562-1594). Nke a na-aga n'ihu Edinam Ukpụhọde ke Europe, emelitere Christianity.

England

ndozigharị echiche banye n'ime England. Henry nke Asatọ (1491-1547) ifịk ifịk na-akwado ha, na-aghọ isi nke Chọọchị Anglịkan na-ebibi ike nke Pope, na-enye ya ikike nke bishop nke Canterbury. All okpukpe si malite - baptism, agbamakwụkwọ, okwu olili ozu - Anglican-nchu-àjà-eme na English, n'agbanyeghị nke Rome. Ọzọkwa, ha nwere ikike na-na-amalite a na ezinụlọ, ọ bụ kpam kpam-agaghị ekwe omume Katọlik. Ọzọ deviations si Katọlik bụ na England. People ifịk ifịk na-akwado mgbanwe Henry nke Asatọ, trashing monasteries. Ọ bụ na England, bụ mmalite nke Edinam Ukpụhọde ke Europe, emelitere Christianity. England mbụ wee si ike nke Pope.

Netherlands

Na Flanders, ndị Protestant na-alụ ọgụ na-arụ agha nke Spain. Bara ọgaranya bankers, ndị ọrụ nkà na ogbenye bi n'obodo ukwu na-dokwara njikere inye ego ndị chọọchị. Ya Protestant ala ha tọrọ ntọala, idobe ike nke Catholic Spain na XVI na narị afọ.

The mbibi nke ndị na ochie ụkpụrụ akara mmalite nke Ndozigharị na Europe, emelitere Christianity. Nkenke ya nwere ike kwuru na a onye na-azọpụta site na okwukwe naanị, irrespective nke chọọchị. Naanị Akwụkwọ Nsọ kwesịrị ịbụ onye agbamume na nkwado. Ya mere wee mmalite nke Edinam Ukpụhọde ke Europe, emelitere Christianity. Mezuwo 7 kwesịrị inye ndị e mere ihe fọrọ nke nta na-egbu mgbu gbawara n'etiti nke e chekwara na ọ ga-jikọọ na ugbu a. Ma taa, ọ na-aghọta ndammana.