Harun al-Rashid: mgbaru ọsọ, ihe, na-emegide. Ọchịchị Harun al-Rashid

Nkera nke abụọ nke 8th narị afọ BC ji na-agwụ ike nke ndị gọọmenti etiti, na ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Caliphate wee ọhụrụ kwalite mmepe. Against ndabere nke general mgbanwe gbapụrụ akpan akpan Baghdad. Ezi ọsọ ọsọ ọ ghọrọ a na omenala na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị obodo nke a buru ibu Muslim alaeze ukwu. Na a ngwa ngwa na-emepe emepe obodo ahịa,-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, agha - na onye ọ bụla nwere ike ịchọta ọrụ. A karịsịa ihe ịga nke ọma nwere ike ime ka a ịga nke ọma ọrụ na-aghọ ịgụta Caliph, aha-ya bu - Harun al-Rashid.

Ifo na Adị

Arab ifo na-ewetara anyị na onye na-achị Baghdad dị ka a mma na ndị maara ihe nchebe nke architects na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, philanthropist na okike. The oyiyi nke Harun al-Rashid bụ ya mere nnukwu na mgbe ya aha ghọrọ a n'ezinụlọ okwu, nke na-anọchi a na-emesapụ aka nyere ike, ihe ọma na dị nnọọ. Ma nke bụ eziokwu bụ, dị ka mgbe niile, mesịrị bụrụ ihe ndị ọzọ prosaic akụkọ ifo.

nwata caliph

Na obodo oge ochie nke Ray, onye bụ nso Iran, na 766, a mụrụ nwa nwa nke oké Al-Mansur - nchoputa nke Abbasid usoro ndị eze, nke na dịwo chịa a oké caliphate. Onwunwe ha akp site n'ókè-ala nke India na China na Atlantic mben. Nna nna nke Harun al-Rashid na tọrọ ntọala Baghdad. Ikpeazụ oge nke ọmụmụ nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu caliph ghọrọ a ọgaranya na obodo bara ọgaranya, isi mma nke nke bụ n'obí Caliph. Khan ghọrọ nne a ga-eme n'ọdịnihu Yemeni ohu site na aha Al-Hayzuran na Caliph mere ya iko, wee lụrụ ya.

Harun al-Rashid nọrọ ya na nwata na obi na-esighị ike, ndị enyi, ezinụlọ na ndị maara ihe mentors. N'agbanyeghị àkù nke gbara ya gburugburu, ọ na-eto siri ike na sturdy - magburu onwe-uta, na swordsman, bụ ezigbo onye na-agba. Site na nwata, ya mentors na-anọchite anya n'usoro ọmụmụ Barmakids na-eto eto Jafar al Barmakids bụ na ezigbo enyi ya ruo ọtụtụ afọ.

The mbụ agha mkpọsa

Na arịrịọ nke Harun nne na a-eto eto afọ iri na isi nwa Caliph o wee akụkụ ke a agha megide Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium. O doro anya na o nyere iwu na kpere elu ọnụ, niile hostilities ndị ọzọ nwere ahụmahụ agha ndị ndú. N'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ calumnies, onye nwayọọ agwa na ntị nke nna-ya, na-emegide nke Harun al-Rashid, bụ ihere. Young nketa gosiri pụtara ìhè omeka agu agha na amamihe, na o nwere ike obi na ihe mgbagwoju ikpe.

Mgbe alọta patrol, Harun al-Rashid e kenyere ịchị Ifriqiya (ugbu a n'ala a na-emi odude na ókèala nke oge a na Tunisia), Armenia, Azerbaijan na Syria. Na ndepụta contenders nke oche-eze nke Caliph, ọ bụ nke ọ bụ nanị ya ọkara nwanne Musa.

The obere ọbubu-eze nke al-Hadi

Mgbe ọnwụ nke caliph Musa were ocheeze n'okpuru aha al-Hadi. Nne-ya, ọ tụbara ha n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma na-amanye na-aṅụ iyi na mgbe Harun al-Rashid agaghị na-ekwu na ocheeze ahụ na ga ikwesị ntụkwasị obi na-eje ozi ya nwoke-gọvanọ.

Ma Haruna nne na enyi ya Jafar dị otú ahụ iyi ghara inye adịte ọchịchị nke al-Hadi ya caliphate. Na 786, ọ nwụrụ na mberede, dochie Harun.

Ebumnobi Harun al-Rashid

The alụ maka ocheeze ihe alaeze - ọ bụ a ogologo na ọbara see. Mgbe ọ na-arịgo ocheeze ahụ, ndị na-eto eto Harun ihe mbụ wee na-egwu a elu ọnụ ọrụ, na chịrị mba nke onye nkụzi ya na ndị dị ike Barmakids. Na ya ikpe na-eto eto Caliph edu site na nkuzi nke nna ya ukwu Yahya Ibn Khalid, a otutu oge na o nyere nne ya, bụ ndị dị elu ya ocheeze.

Mgbe nne ya nwụsịrị, Harun al-Rashid na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ ịlụ Bibie mmetụta nke a dị ike na umunna Barmakids na-ewe reins n'aka ha. Isi na-emegide nke Harun al-Rashid bụ ugbu a - ya bụbu enyi na mentors. January 29 803 afọ n'aka ndị ya vizier Jafar na-gburu - a ogologo-eguzo na-kacha eguzosi ike n'ihe enyi nke Caliph. Bụ kpatara katọrọ amaghị akatọ ụta ma ọ bụ enyo nke Caliph - eziokwu, anyị ga-amaghị. Site nduzi na-kwụsịtụrụ onye nkụzi nke Caliph, na ya abara Yahya Ibn Khalifa a na-adịgide adịgide kpọchiri n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.

Policy caliph

Ọchịchị Harun al-Rashid, nwere ike na-akpọ ọlaedo afọ nke caliphate. Adabere n'ihe ụfọdụ agha kara daa daa ogbenye na ndị agbata obi ka uru raids ná mpụga nke alaeze ukwu. All agbali edita agha sikwuo obi ịta mmiri igbochi. Na nke a dị mma oge nke aba ụba n'ike n'ike ahia. Ikekwe, ọ bụ Arab ahịa ahịa dum mara ụwa, na-agbasa ozi ọma banyere ihe ọhụrụ Caliph dị ka a na-emesapụ aka na ndị maara ihe onye na-achị.

N'agbanyeghị ude ya egwu onye na-achị na aka ike agha ndú, Harun al-Rashid chebaara olu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eme ebere ndị ogbenye. N'akụkụ ya nile na-achị, o kpere ekpere kwa ụbọchị. N'ihi na ndị ọkà mmụta okpukpe na-ede abụ uri ụzọ mgbe niile na-emeghe, Harun mgbe gere ha ntị, ka ha si akọwa Koran, na-abụ abụ abụ otuto ha onwe ha na adreesị.

Ọganihu na nkà mmụta sayensị na-ewu ụlọ

N'agbanyeghị general-achị, anyị nwere ikwu onwe ya na Abissidskom caliphate obodo. Khalifa soro Mmeri ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị si n'ala dị iche iche ya caliphate, na kpọrọ ya kasị nwee nkà na-eme nnyocha na architects. Site na nke a obibia nke ihe rụzuru ghọrọ ama Harun al-Rashid, mechara chọpụta dum Arab ụwa. The caliphate ewu àkwà mmiri na alakụba, wuru levees na dams, mmiri akọrọ adịghị agwụ agwụ ala nke Caliphate. E a Central nzi ozi ọrụ, nke na Europe n'oge ahụ ọbụna nụrụ. The adọkpụ pụrụ isiwo ókèala ndị Caliphate na-echebe site na-apụnara mmadụ, ndị njem na kwụsịrị na Ụlọ ndị njem, na-enweghị atụ egwu maka ndụ ha na ego.

oké imewe

Ọ bụ na-akpali na, dị ka otu ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere, Harun al-Rashid e kpọrọ atụle oru ngo nke ejikọta Oké Osimiri Uhie na mmiri romeyskoy (Mediterranean). Maka mmejuputa iwu nke ọrụ a na-Caliph nwere ihe e ji na ohere. Atumatu oru ngo a jụrụ si kwuo maka nchekwa ihe mere - ọchịagha nke Caliph kpọrọ atụ egwu mbuso agha nke Byzantine ụgbọ mmiri na ha itunanya ahụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Hejaz. Ugboro ugboro laghachi a echiche mgbe e mesịrị, ihe karịrị otu puku afọ, wuru na saịtị nke oge ochie oru ngo nke Suez Canal.

The nwunye nke Caliph

N'oge na-adịghị, ndị na-eto eto Caliph ndọ. Nhọrọ ya bụ Zubeydda Ibn Dzhafar, nwa nwa nke Caliph al Mansour. Ọtụtụ rụzuru nke Harun al-Rashid nke nri kwesịrị ịdị na-ekewet nke a karịsịa nwaanyị. O mere ihe buru oke ibu onyinye maa mma nke obodo, ya na-erubere n'okporo ámá ndị Baghdad na ọchịchịrị ọkụ glowed, ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ agbọghọ ndị mbụ na-eme ọrụ ebere ọrụ. O nyere ya na di ya na nwa ya nwoke, nwe-Abu Abdallu Al Allah, onye na otu oge bụ onye ga-anọchi nna ya alaeze ukwu.

Caliph na okpukpe

Obiọma na nraranye onye na-achị strangely jikọtara ya nkwụsi àgwà okpukpe ndị ọzọ. N'oge mbụ nke ọchịchị ya, o kwuru, ihe mgbaghara, gbaghaara ọtụtụ narị na-apụnara mmadụ na ndị ohi, ma hapụrụ dungeons nke ndị mmadụ, ndị nkọwa nke kor'an nke dị iche na mbụ. Na hristinskom ụwa ndị a ga-akpọ ndị jụrụ okwukwe. The na-akpọ zindīq nwere n'ihu ọha jụ ihe ọjọọ omume na-eme ka ụfọdụ iri-ngo ka a tọhapụ ya. Mba ọzọ e doro ihere na caliphate na ndị e doro ọzọ tiri iwu. Ka ihe atụ, a machibidoro ha iwu na-eyi otu akpụkpọ ụkwụ eyi site ụfọdụ ndị Alakụba. Ha na-adịghị ekwe ka ọ nọkwasi inyinya - isi n'aka nke iga Kraịst ndị ọzọ infidels atụle inyinya-ibu. Ọ bụghị onye nwekwara nkwado nke caliphate na-ekpe okpukpe ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 806 Harun al-Rashid na nsọ nsọ ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-eme ka Islam nanị okpukpe na ala-ha, o nyere iwu na mbibi nke niile Christian ihu arụsị n'ala ha, n'ezie machibidoro iwu na-eme Christianity na ya caliphate.

The ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke Caliph

The ike ike iwu nke Islam na-anọchi na ọgwụgwụ kwara serene eze Abbadinskogo caliphate. Dị iche iche okwukwo nke Muslim okwukwe hụrụ na-akwado ha ná mpụga a nnukwu alaeze ukwu. Nnupụisi na Egypt, Tunisia na Central Asia. Ọtụtụ agha bibie àkù ma choro ozugbo uche nke onye na-achị. Khalifa Ọtụtụ mgbe onwe-edu agha mkpọsa. N'oge Harun nloghachi si onye dị otú ahụ mgbasa ozi, na 809 afọ, ọ na-mesịa nwụọ. Ọ bụ kwuru na okwu ikpeazụ nke caliph bụ: "Anwụ Anwụ, bụ mmadụ nkịtị."