Modern ugboelu ugbo elu. The mbụ ugboelu

Ndị ntorobịa nke taa, na ọbụna tozuru okè ụmụ amaala, ọ bụ ike ịghọta ihe mere obi ụtọ, o yiri mgbe mma-efe efe ígwè ọrụ. Ọlaọcha na ụmụ irighiri mmiri ngwa ngwa ịtụle nke a-acha anụnụ anụnụ na mbara igwe, ụtọ na pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche nke na-eto eto n'oge fifties. Wide Alụlụụ nzọ ụkwụ ekpe doro anya na na engine ụdị. Taa, naanị egwuregwu kọmputa ka War Égbè Eluigwe, na ha amaghị na ịzụta a ugboelu ụgbọelu promotional USSR, nye ụfọdụ echiche banyere nke a na ogbo nke mmepe nke ụlọ ugbo elu. Ma, ọ niile malitere ọbụna mbụ.

Nso ke "reactive"

A ezi uche ajụjụ na-ebilite banyere aha nke ụdị ụgbọelu. Na English ọ na-ada na nkenke: Jet. Russian definition hints na ịdị adị nke ụdị ụfọdụ nke mmeghachi omume. O doro anya na anyị na-adịghị ekwu okwu banyere ọxịdashọn nke mmanụ ụgbọala - ọ bụ ugbu a na ot mmanụ ụgbọala engines. Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke ugboelu ugbo elu bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka rọketi. anụ ahụ mmeghachi omume nke ike nke gas ugboelu ejected na-kwupụtara na-enye ya ndị na-abụghị ntụziaka nke osooso. All ndị fọdụrụ - nwere ụzọ aghụghọ, nke na-agụnye iche iche oru afọ nke usoro, dị ka aerodynamic Njirimara, atụmatụ nke nku profaịlụ, ụdị nke engine. E nwere dị iche iche nhọrọ nke engineering sịrị bịa na usoro, mgbe mgbe, na-achọta yiri ngwọta, onwe ha nke ọ bụla ọzọ.

Ikewapụ si rọketi research ụgbọelu na akụkụ a kpọrọ ihe. Na ubi nke ntụ ntụ accelerators arụnyere iji belata ogologo nke na-agba ọsọ na afterburner,-arụ ọrụ ahụ tupu agha. Ọzọkwa, onye na-anwa iji wụnye Compressor moto (unsuccessfully) na Coanda ụgbọelu na 1910 kwere ka nchepụta Henri Coandă kwuo mkpa nke Romanian. Otú ọ dị, nke a haziri ná mmalite inoperable, nke na-egosi na mbụ ule, n'oge nke ugbo elu ọkụ.

nzọụkwụ ndị mbụ

The mbụ ugboelu ugbo elu ike nke na-eduzi na ikuku maka a ogologo oge, pụtara mgbe e mesịrị. Ndị ọsụ ụzọ ndị Germany, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ na-enwe ọganihu mere ná mba ndị ọzọ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na - na United States, Italy, Britain na backward mgbe nyochawa Japan. Ndị a samples, n'eziokwu, gliders ot fighter otu bombu, nke arụnyere ọhụrụ ụdị engines enweghị propellers, nke bụ ihe ijuanya na enweghị ntụkwasị obi. Na USSR nsogbu a, ndị injinia na-ekerekwa, ma ọ bụghị dị ka ọrụ, onye mesiri ike na pụtara na a pụrụ ịdabere na ịghasa Usoro. Otú o sina ugboelu ụgbọelu nlereanya B-1, onwem na TRD imewe cradles ndị AM nwalere tupu agha. The unit nnọọ apụghị ịdabere, nitric acid, a na-eji dị ka oxidant, na-eri nri ndị tankị, e nwere ndị ọzọ okwu, ma ndị mbụ nzọụkwụ bụ mgbe ihe siri ike.

"Shturmfogel" Hitler

N'ihi na nke Onye Ndú anyị psyche, na-ele anya iji kwụsị "ndị iro nke Reich" (nke ọ na-ewere na mba nke fọrọ nke nta niile ọzọ nke ụwa), na Germany mgbe mmalite nke World War II tụgharịa ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke dị iche iche nke "ihe ijuanya ngwá agha", gụnyere jets. Ọ bụghị ihe niile na ebe nke ọrụ ndidi kụrụ afọ n'ala. N'ihi na ihe ịga nke ọma oru ngo na-agụnye "Messerschmitt-262" (aka "Shturmfogel") - akpa ugboelu ugbo elu na ụwa na-uka-emepụta. The ngwaọrụ e onwem na abụọ turbojet engines, Rada nwere a imi òkè, a top ọsọ nso Sonic (karịa 900 km / h), na dị nnọọ irè n'aka emeso elu-elu B-17 ( "na-efe efe ebe e wusiri ike") allies. Adolf Hitler keonye ofufe okwukwe na ndị pụrụ iche na ohere nke nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ, Otú ọ dị N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, na-egwuri a ọjọọ ọrụ ke ọgụ biographies Me-262. E mere ka a fighter, ọ na-eduzi site "n'elu", converted n'ime a bombu, na a na mgbanwe na-adịghị owụt n'ụzọ zuru ezu.

"Arado"

ugboelu ụkpụrụ etinyere n'etiti 1944 maka owuwu nke a bombu "Arado-234" (ọzọ ndị Germany). Ọ jisiri na-egosi na ha pụrụ iche na-alụ ọgụ ike, awakpo ọnọdụ òtù ama rutere n'ebe ahụ nke ebe mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Cherbourg. Speed nke 740 km / h na a iri-n'uko enyeghị ohere flak see lekwasịrị, ma American na British alụso apụghị nnọọ ịchụkwudo ya. Ke adianade bombu (nnọọ edocha maka doro anya ihe), "Arado" emepụta efe n'elu foto. The abụọ ahụmahụ nke na-eji ya dị ka a n'aka nke ujo ada n'elu obodo nke Liège. German weere bụghị niile metere, na ọ bụrụ na ego si Nazi Germany ukwuu na ndị ụlọ ọrụ ga-enwe ike ahapụ "Ar-234" na ego nke ihe karịrị 36 mbipụta nke mgbochi Hitler mmekota mba gaara adịrị merụsịrị.

"Na-287"

German nmepe daba n'aka nke enyi na enyi n'oge Ụwa nke Abụọ wons ekwu ka e merisịrị ndị Nazi. Western mba ndị na-ama na akụkụ ikpeazụ nke ọgụ malitere kwadebe maka ọbịbịa see na USSR. Stalin idu ndú emewo counter-jikoro. Abụọ, o doro anya na na-esonụ agha, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-ewe ebe, ga-alụ ọgụ jets. USSR n'oge ahụ erubeghị nwere mmetụta nuclear ikike naanị arụ ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke technology nke mmepụta nke atọm bombu. Ma America-akpali nnọọ mmasị matara n'ọnyà "Junkers-287", nke nwere a pụrụ iche ụgbọ elu data (ọgụ ibu nke 4000 n'arọ, nso nke 1500 km, n'uko 5000 m, ọsọ 860 km / h). Anọ engine ọjọọ sweepback (prototype ga-eme n'ọdịnihu "adịghị ahụ anya) enye ohere iji ihe ihe atọm ụgbọelu dị ka ụgbọelu.

The mbụ agha

Jets na-egwuri a bụrụkwa ọrụ n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, otú nnukwu nke Soviet mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ lekwasịrị anya ya mgbalị n'imeziwanye imewe ma na-amụba mmepụta nke a ot ịghasa alụso, agha ụgbọ elu na atụ bọmbụ. Ajụjụ nke a gaje ajụ atọm ebubo na-esi ike, na e kpebiri ngwa ngwa site na-edegharị na American Boeing B-29 (Tu-4), ma isi nzube bụ mmegide ọ bụla o kwere omume ime ihe ike. Iji mee nke a, na mbụ mkpa alụso - ogologo, agile na, n'ezie, na-agba. Banyere otú ịzụlite a ọhụrụ ntụziaka nke ugbo elu, nwere ike ikpe site na akwụkwọ ozi nke mmebe A. S. Yakovleva na Central Committee (mgbụsị akwụkwọ 1945), bụ ndị hụrụ a ụfọdụ nghọta. A mfe amụ weghaara German technology party na-edu ndú na-ewere ya ezughi oke ezu. Country dị mkpa n'oge a Soviet jets na-adịghị usụhọde na elu karịa ụwa larịị. Na Nme 1946 na nsọpụrụ nke ncheta nke October (Tushino) ha nwere na-egosi na ndị mmadụ na mba ọzọ ọbịa.

Nwa Oge Yaqui na MiGs

Gosi na bụ, ma ọ bụghị ime: chịkọtara ihu igwe, e nwere a foogu. Ngosipụta nke ọhụrụ ugbo elu, a kpaliri Ụbọchị Ndị Ọrụ. The mbụ Soviet ugboelu ugbo elu mere a usoro nke 15 ụdị e mepụtara Mikoyan na Gurevich (mig-9) na Yakovlev (Yak-15). Ma n'omume dị iche ahu ihe nzọụkwụ esereese na nke ndị na ọdụ òkè nke ala-na-asa site na ugboelu nyere site nozulu. Kwesịrị ịdị, maka nchedo ekpo oke ọkụ, a òkè kpuchie pụrụ iche plating oyi akwa mere nke refractory metal. Ma ụgbọelu dị iche ibu, engine na nzube, ma n'ozuzu kwekọrọ na ala nke Soviet ugbo elu ụlọ akwụkwọ nke mbubreyo forties. Ha isi nzube bụ ịkwaga a ọhụrụ ụdị ike osisi, ma karịrị nke ahụ nwekwara ịrụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa ihe aga-eme: ụgbọ elu pesonel ọzụzụ na mmepe nke nkà na ụzụ okwu. Ndị a jets, n'agbanyeghị nnukwu mpịakọta nke ha mmepụta (narị nkeji), na-hụrụ dị ka nwa oge na-anọchi ka anya dị ka o kwere omume, ozugbo ọdịdị elu ndị ọzọ aghụghọ. Na-adịghị anya, oge eruwo.

iri na ise

Nke a ụgbọelu aghọwo a akụkọ. O wuru na-enwetụbeghị ụdị peacetime series, ma na ọgụ na paired akwụkwọ version. Imewe nke mig-15 na-eji ọtụtụ revolutionary technical agbanwe agbanwe, mgbalị mbụ ike a pụrụ ịdabere na pilot nnapụta usoro (catapult), ọ na-onwem na a dị ike egbe ala mgwo agha. ugboelu ọsọ, a obere, ma dị irè, nyeere ya aka imeri armadas oké usoro atụ bọmbụ nọ na mbara igwe nke Korea, ebe agha biiri ọkụ elu-adịghị anya mgbe ntoputa nke a ọhụrụ interceptor. Ẹkot a mig ghọrọ American "Sabre", wuru na a yiri atụmatụ. N'oge agha ngwá daba n'aka onye iro. Soviet ugbo elu hijacked a North Korean pilot, nwara nnukwu ego ụgwọ ọrụ. Downed "American" mere ka mmiri nke mmiri ma gaa na Soviet Union. E nwere a ibe "mgbanwe nke ahụmahụ" ga-amụta na ihe ịga nke ọma imewe ngwọta.

njem ugboelu

The ọsọ nke a ugboelu ụgbọelu - ya isi uru, ma ọ bụ na ọdabara bụghị naanị ndị atụ bọmbụ na alụso. Ugbua ke mbubreyo forties na International Airlines steepụ liner "Comet", wuru na Britain. Ọ na-akpan kere maka iga nke mmadụ, ọ bụ ala ma na ngwa ngwa, ma dị mwute ikwu na-pụrụ ịdabere na: asaa mberede mere n'ime afọ abụọ. Ma na-enwe ọganihu na ubi nke elu-ọsọ njem okporo ụzọ na-agaghị ekwe omume ka ọ kwụsị. Ke ufọt ufọt fifties na USSR pụtara kpara tu-104 akakabarede version of Tu-16 otu bombu. N'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ ụgbọ elu mere na ọhụrụ ugbo elu, ugboelu ugbo elu na-esiwanye mụtachara ụgbọ elu. Nke nta nke nta na-etolite a na-okwu n'ile nke liner na echiche nke ihe ọ ga-abụ. Propellers (ịghasa propellers) eji emepụta abụwanye.

Ọgbọ fighter ugbo elu: nke mbụ, nke abụọ ...

Dị ka fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụla Usoro, ugboelu interceptors na-nkewa site ọgbọ. Na ngụkọta e nwere ugbu a na ise, na ha dị iche na ọ bụghị naanị na afọ mbipụta ụdị, ma imewe atụmatụ. Ọ bụrụ na echiche nke mbụ samples ihu ọma nwere na-atụgharị si na isi nke rụzuru na ubi nke oge gboo aerodynamics (ndị ọzọ okwu, a ụdị engine bụ isi ihe dị iche n'etiti ha), nke abụọ emana ada n'elu oké mkpa atụmatụ (kpochapụ nku, a kpamkpam dị iche iche udi nke fuselage na na.) Na fifties, ọ e chere na ikuku agha bụ ga-eyi maneuverable agwa, ma oge gosiri aghụghọ a echiche.

... na-atọ ka ise

"Dog kpofuru" nke sixties n'etiti "Skyhawk", "Phantoms" na MiGs nọ na mbara igwe n'elu Vietnam na Middle East gosiri na N'ezie nke n'ihu mmepe, na-akanye mbata nke abụọ emana ugboelu interceptors. Agbanwe jiometrị nku, ikike nke multiple overspeed ụda na agba na Nchikota na a dị ike ígwè avionics atụmatụ nke ọgbọ nke atọ. Ugbu a, ndị Air Force isi nke park ọtụtụ technologically elu mba mejupụtara ọgbọ anọ nke ụgbọ ala, nke ghọrọ a ngwaahịa nke n'ihu mmepe. Na ogwe aka na-abịa ọzọ zuru okè n'omume na ijikọta elu na-agba, maneuverability, ala ọhụhụ na EW n'aka. Nke a bụ ọgbọ nke-ise.

Turbofan engine

Hibere taa jets mbụ samples adịghị anya n'ihi na ọtụtụ anachronistic. View ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ nnọọ oge a, na nkọwa (dị ka n'uko na ọsọ) adịghị nnọọ iche si taa, ọ dịkarịa ala na mbụ ilekiri. Otú ọ dị, na nso maara arụmọrụ e ji mara nke igwe ndị a, o doro anya na iri gara aga na-eme ka a qualitative itunanya na isi ihe abụọ ntụziaka. Firstly, echiche nke agbanwe nzube vector, eke ekwe omume nke nkọ na mberede eduzi. Nke abụọ, ọgụ ugbo elu bụ ugbu a ike na-anọ ogologo oge na ikuku na njem dị anya. Nke a na-akpata bụ n'ihi ala mmanụ ụgbọala oriri, na bụ echekwa. Ọ enweta site na iji ya, na-etinye technical asụsụ, sọrọ-circuit (ala-ngafe). Ọkachamara maara na kwuru combustion technology na-enye zuru ezu karị, ya combustion.

Ndị ọzọ na atụmatụ nke oge a ugboelu ugbo elu

Ọtụtụ n'ime ha. Modern obodo ugboelu ugbo elu engines Njirimara ala mkpọtụ, elu nkasi obi na elu kwụsie ike na ụgbọ elu na. ha na-enwekarị obosara-ahu (gụnyere mnogopalubnye). Samples agha ugbo elu na-onwem na n'aka (arụsi ọrụ ike na n'ezinụlọ) ọbọ ala Rada mbinye aka na electronic agha. Na a uche, a chọrọ maka ozize na azụmahịa ihe nakawa etu esi irutu taa. Arụmọrụ mkpa nke ihe nile ụdị ugbo elu, ọ bụ ezie na dị iche iche ihe: ke idaha kiet, mma profitability, ndị ọzọ na - ịgbatị ọgụ okirikiri. Na taa anyị na-eme ka a mkpọtụ dị ka obere ka o kwere ma na ndi nkiti na agha.