Mussolini Benito (Duce): biography. The akaike Italy

Na a obere Italian obodo Dovia, July 29, 1883, nwa nke obodo uzú Alessandro Mussolini na Rosa Maltoni nkụzi nwa mbụ a mụrụ ya. E nyere ya aha Benito. Afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ndị gbara ọchịchịrị-gbaa ya akpụkpọ nwata ga-obi tara mmiri akaike, otu n'ime founders nke Fascist Party nke Italy, adara na mba n'ime ihe ndị kasị oké oge nke ọchịchị aka ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ada.

Youth nke ọdịnihu akaike

Alessandro bụ a akọ na uche na-arụsi ọrụ na ezinụlọ ya nwere ụfọdụ akụ na ụba na-ekwe ka ndokwa na-eto eto Mussolini Benito na a Catholic ụlọ akwụkwọ na obodo nke Faenza. Ịnata a abụọ muta, ọ malitere izi ihe bụ isi akara ule, ma nke a ụdị ndụ ya ibu arọ, na na 1902 a na-eto eto onye nkụzi doo maka Switzerland. N'oge ahụ Geneva jupụtara na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, otu nke mgbe niile na-agbagharị na Benito Mussolini. Akwụkwọ K. Kautsky, PA Kropotkin, Marx na Engels mesmerizing mmetụta uche ya.

Ma ike echiche e mere site ọrụ nke Nietzsche na ya echiche nke "Superman". N'otu oge, na tụụrụ ala, ọ rụpụtara na nkwenye na ọ bụ ya - Benito Mussolini - a kara iji mezuo a oké nzube. Ozizi, dị ka nke ndị mmadụ na-ebelata ka larịị nke pedestal hoputara ndú, e nara ha na-enweghị oge. Ọ bụghị ime ka obi abụọ na nkọwa nke agha dị ka ndị kasị elu ngosipụta nke mmụọ mmadụ. N'ihi ya, ọ nọ na-tọrọ ideological ntọala nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ndú nke Fascist Party.

Laghachi Italy

N'oge na-adịghị na-enupu isi Socialist chụpụrụ Switzerland, na ọ bụ otu ugboro ọzọ n'ụlọ. Ebe a ọ na-aghọ onye so na Socialist Party nke Italy na ihe ịga nke ọma na-agba mbọ aka ya na oru ndi. Ụda N'ịbụ a obere akwụkwọ akụkọ "Class Mgba" bipụtara tumadi site ya isiokwu bụ nke heatedly katọrọ oru nke bourgeois ọha mmadụ. N'etiti ìgwè mmadụ a na-ede ọkwá osobo nnwapụta nke, na a obere oge ka akwụkwọ akụkọ si mgbasa okpukpu abụọ. Na 1910, Mussolini Benito a họpụtara osote onye nke ọzọ nzuko nke Socialist Party, nke e nwere na Milan.

Mgbe oge a aha nke Mussolini amalite ịgbakwunye nganiihu "Duce" - na onye ndú. Ọ bụ oké okwu ire ụtọ ya ihe efu. Mgbe afọ abụọ gachara, ọ nọ na e nyere gaba Central ngwa nke Nazi - akwụkwọ akụkọ "Avanti!" ( "Forward!"). Ọ bụ nnukwu itu ukwu anya na ya ọrụ. Ugbu a, tupu ọ na-emepe na-ekwe omume ime na ha isiokwu dum multimillion ndị Italy. Na Mussolini brilliantly nagide a. Ebe a n'ụzọ zuru ezu kpughere ya talent odeakụkọ. Ịpụta ihe ọ na-ekwu na n'oge na-otu afọ na ọkara, ọ bụ ike na-amụba nrugharị nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ugboro ise. Ọ ghọrọ ndị kasị ewu ewu na mba.

Care nke Socialist mara ụlọikwuu

Sochiri ya okpukpu na bụbu enyi. Kemgbe ahụ, ndị na-eto eto Mussolini gawa akwụkwọ akụkọ "The People of Italy", nke, n'agbanyeghị na ya aha, na-egosipụta na-ebute ọdịmma nke nnukwu bourgeoisie na ulo oru oligarchy. N'otu afọ ya a mụrụ na iwu na-akwadoghị nwa Benito Mussolini - Benito Albino. A kara aka na-agwụ ya, ụbọchị ya na a echiche n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ebe anwụ na ya na nne - iwu nwunye, ọdịnihu akaike Ida Daltser. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, Mussolini lụọ nwunye Rachele Gaudi, na onye ọ ga-enwe ụmụ ise.

Na 1915, Italy, na-echekwa na ruo n'oge na-anọpụ iche, banyere agha. Mussolini Benito, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị na-ụmụ amaala ibe, bụ na n'ihu. Na February 1917, mgbe na-eje ozi iri na asa ọnwa, Duce bụ idobere mmerụ ahụ na laghachiri ha gara aga na-eme. Ọnwa abụọ gasịrị, ndị atụghị anya ya mere: Italy ahụhụ a bibie site Austrian agha.

The ọmụmụ nke Fascist Party

Ma a mba ọdachi, nke-eri ọtụtụ narị ndụ ọtụtụ puku mmadụ, na-eje ozi dị ka kwalite maka Mussolini n'ụzọ na-eduga ike. Adịbeghị anya lagoro ezumike nka, ndị mmadụ iwe, ike agwụ site agha, ọ na-emepụta ihe nzukọ a na-akpọ "Battle Union." Na Italian ọ na-ada "Fashio de kombattimento". Nke a bụ "Fashio" ma nye aha otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị afọ ịta mmiri mmegharị - Fascism.

The mbụ isi nzukọ nke otu òtù ẹkenịmde March 23, 1919. Na ọ were banyere otu narị mmadụ gara. N'ihi na ụbọchị ise, anyị nụrụ okwu banyere mkpa maka revival nke mbụ ịdị ukwuu nke Italy na ọtụtụ chọrọ maka oruru nke Civil Liberties na mba. Ndị òtù nke nzukọ ọhụrụ a, a na-akpọ onwe ha fascists kwara na ha okwu niile Ịtali, maara mkpa oké mgbanwe ná ndụ nke ala.

Ndị Nazi na ike na mba

Yiri mkpegharị nwere ihe ịga nke ọma, na n'oge na-adịghị na Duce e hoputara nzuko omeiwu, ebe iri atọ na ise oche bụ Nazi. Ha party e eze aha ke November 1921, na ya ndú Mussolini Benito. The fascists n'ohu wụsa niile ọhụrụ so. Na October 1927 a kọlụm nke ya na-eso ụzọ ime ọtụtụ puku ndị a ma ama Maachi na Rome, nke rụpụtara na Mussolini aghọ praịm minista na naanị mbak ike na King Viktorom Emmanuilom III. The Cabinet nke Ozi a kpụrụ nanị ndị na òtù nke Fascist Party. Nkà emeghari, Mussolini ike Nweta nkwado nke omume ha na Pope, na na 1929 na Vatican ghọrọ otu nọọrọ onwe ha ala.

Ibuso dissent

Fascism, Benito Mussolini wee na-ike megide backdrop nke nabatara umu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ada - ihe dị oké mkpa na atụmatụ nke niile ọchịchị aka ike. "A pụrụ iche ala nche ikpe" e guzobere, nke bụ eru ebelata ọ bụla dissent. N'oge ọ dị, malite 1927 na 1943, e weere ya karịa 21.000 ikpe.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na nọgidere na oche-eze-eze, ike nile e lekwasị ke aka nke Duce. Enye ada n'otu oge, asaa ministri, bụ praịm minista, ndị isi nke otu na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị mmanye iwu na ndị ụlọ ọrụ. O jisiri kpochapụ fọrọ nke nta niile n'usoro iwu ochichi obodo ókè nke ike ya. Na Italy, a ọchịchị nke a uwe ojii ala. On top of a iwu e nyere machibido na mba ndị ọzọ niile na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọzọ na kagbuo kpọmkwem ntuli aka.

na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị okwu nduhie

Dị ka ọ bụla akaike Mussolini mmasị oké mkpa iji na-akwalite nzukọ. Na nke a direction, ọ enweta ihe ịga nke ọma, dị ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ na pịa ma mụtachara usoro nke mmetụta na nsụhọ nke ọha mmadụ. Eketịbede ya na-akwado ya na-agbasa echiche mkpọsa were kasị zuru ebe nile. Portraits Duce jupụtara na peeji nke akwụkwọ akụkọ na magazin, na-ekiri na isi mkpịsị aka Poster na broshuọ, mma a igbe chọkọletị na nkwakọ ọgwụ ọjọọ. All Italy jupụtara oyiyi nke Benito Mussolini. Quotes si ya okwu na-apụghị imepụta na nnukwu quantities.

Social omume na ịlụso ndị mafia

Ma onye nwere ọgụgụ isi na anya-ahụ ụzọ nke ọma, Duce maara na a nkwalite na-adịgide adịgide ịtụkwasị obi na ndị mmadụ na-eme ka ego. Na nke a, na ọ e mepụtara na-emejuputa atumatu a mbara omume ịkpọlite ndị mba aku na uba na melite ibi ndụ nke ndị Ịtali. Mbụ niile, anyị na e emejuputa jikoro mbuso enweghị ọrụ, o ga-amụba ọrụ. Dị ka akụkụ nke ya omume na a obere oge e ji wuo ya karịa puku mmadụ ise na ise ugbo ugbo na obodo. N'ihi nke a, anyị mere agwụ ndị Pontine marshes, a n'ókèala sara na ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ na-anọchi anya a hotbed nke ịba.

N'ihi ekenịmde n'okpuru nduzi nke Mussolini ala reclamation program, na mba ga-fọrọ nke nta ka nde mmadụ asatọ hectare arable ala. Iri asaa na puku mmadụ asatọ na nkịtị si kasị daa ogbenye ebe nke obodo natara ha tụụrụ ebe. N'oge mbụ afọ asatọ nke ọchịchị ya na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụlọ ọgwụ na Italy quadrupled. N'ihi na na-elekọta mmadụ iwu chua ha, Mussolini nweela a nkwanye ùgwù miri emi bụghị nanị ná mba ya ma ndị ndú nke ndị na-eduga ná mba ndị na ụwa. N'oge ọchịchị ya, ndị Duce ike ime-agaghị ekwe omume - o nta ka o bibie ama Sicilian mafia.

Military agbatị na Germany na ntinye n'ime agha

Na mba ọzọ amụma, Mussolini mụụrụ atụmatụ nke revival nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom. Na omume, nke a mere ka onye bu ihe agha ọdịdọ nke Ethiopia, Albania na ụfọdụ ebe nke Mediterranean. N'oge na Spanish Civil War Mussolini zitere a nnukwu ike iji na-akwado General Franco. Ọ bụ n'oge a malitere egbu ya rapprochement na Hitler, na-akwado ndị Spanish mba. N'ikpeazụ, ha n'otu ike na 1937 n'oge a nleta Mussolini na Germany.

Na 1939, n'etiti Germany na Italy bịanyere aka nkwekọrịta na ọgwụgwụ nke chebe onwe na-akpasu iwe na mmekorita, nke rụpụtara ke June 10, 1940 Italy abatakwa n'ime World War II. Mussolini agha na-ewere akụkụ na-arụ nke France na-ebibi British chịrị na East Africa, na October wakporo Greece. Ma n'oge na-adịghị na Mmeri n'ụbọchị ndị mbụ nke agha nyere ụzọ ilu wee merie. The agha nke mgbochi-Hitler mmekota steepụ ya omume na ebe niile, na ndị Ịtali na-alaghachi azụ, adịkwa tupu weghaara n'ókèala na-ebu a arọ ọnwụ. Iji mee ka ihe ka njọ ọjọọ, July 10, 1943, British we akụkụ nke Sicily.

The ida nke akaike

Ihe mbụ dochie eluigwe na ala ịnụ ọkụ n'obi uka dissatisfaction. Akaike ebubo na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-adịghị sightedness, dị ka a n'ihi nke nke mba ahụ nọ na mmasị n'ime agha. Anyị chetara na usurpation nke ike ma na suppression nke dissent, na niile miscalculations na anụ ụlọ na mba ọzọ amụma, nke kwere tupu Benito Mussolini. Duce e wepụ site ya ọrụ ibe ha niile posts na jidere. Tupu ikpe, ọ na-enwe na onye nke ugwu hotels, ma ọ zuru German paratroopers n'okpuru iwu nke ama Otto Skorzeny. N'oge na-adịghị mgbe ndị German na-arụ nke Italy.

Fate nyere ohere mbụ Duce oge ụfọdụ gaba a popet ọchịchị guzobere Hitler Republic. Ma denouement na-abịaru nso. Ná ngwụsị nke April 1945 mbụ akaike na ya ekaufọk Clara Petacci e weghaara partisans mgbe na-agbalị na a otu n'ime ndị enyi ya na-ahapụ Italy iwu na-akwadoghị.

Ogbugbu nke Benito Mussolini na enyi ya nwanyị sochiri April 28. Ha gbara ke ná mpụga obodo nta bụ Mezzegra. Mgbe e mesịrị ozu ha ẹka Milan na eyịride site ụkwụ ha na obodo square. N'ihi ya, ọ kwụsịrị ya, ụbọchị ya Benito Mussolini biography na ihe bụ maa pụrụ iche, ma n'ozuzu na-ahụkarị n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị ọchịchị aka ike.