Na-ede uri Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin: biography, ndị kasị mma ọrụ na-akpali eziokwu

Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin - a ma ama Russian na-ede uri, onye amaokwu ndị dị nnọọ ewu ewu na tupu revolutionary afọ, n'oge Soviet oge. Ọ dịrị ndụ ogologo ndụ, ndị nnukwu nke bụ lara ọrụ odide. Biography Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina chịkọtara n'isiokwu a.

Mmalite, afọ agụmakwụkwọ

A mụrụ ya na December 6, 1848 n'ógbè Tver (obodo Nizovka). Mpaghara a bụ nnọọ ụtọ nke Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Ya omumu ẹkwọ na ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya. Nizovka obodo mgbe e mesịrị na afọ na-abịa ga-a isi iyi nke n'ike mmụọ nsọ n'ihi na-ede uri. Ọ ewepụtara, akpan akpan, ya a ma ama uri "n'ala nna" Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

Ndị nne na nna nke na-ede uri bụ serfs. Spyridon D. nwetara ihe ndị bụ isi nke akwụkwọ si nna nna ya, Drozhzhina Stepan Stepanovich, bụ onye kụziiri ya na-agụ mkpụrụ okwu na, n'ezie, nke Book of Awa.

Na 1858 Spiridon e zigara akwụkwọ na obodo dikọn. Ebe a ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na-ede uri na-amụ afọ abụọ na numeracy. Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin chetara na ekele ụbọchị ndị a. Ha tinyere uri of 1905 "N'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị dikọn." Na nke a ọzụzụ Spyridon Dmitrievich e dechara - na oyi nke 1860 ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na-ede uri gara St. Petersburg na-arụ ọrụ.

Awagharị gburugburu obodo, onwe

The esote afọ 36 nke ndụ ya akara na-egbu mgbu wanderings gburugburu mba. Spyridon D. agbanwe ọrụ. Ọ bụ a tavern ohu, nnyemaaka na-elekọta ụlọ, ukochukwu na-ere akwụkwọ na-emepụta sịga na ụlọ ahịa, na-ere ere, a ozi, a lackey, a ọrụ, gị n'ụlọnga Steamship Company "ụgbọelu", tụkwasịrị obi nnyefe nke nkú nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Fate tụbara na-ede uri na Tver na Moscow, Kharkov na Yaroslavl, Tashkent na Kiev.

The mbụ afọ nke wagharịrị, St. Petersburg, (1860-1871 gg.) - a oge akara bụghị naanị a ọkara agụụ anuri adị, ma-arụsi ọrụ ike ke onwe Drozhzhina. Anọ mbụ afọ ole ọ nọrọ na isi obodo, ọ rụrụ ọrụ a restaurant "Kavkaz" mmekọahụ. N'oge a, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin atụsi, ọ bụ ezie unsystematically, na-agụ akwụkwọ, na-ndị ogbenye mma :. Magazines dị ka "agụ maka agha" na "Mir ozi" ọnụ ala na-ewu ewu akwụkwọ akụkọ, wdg Ma mgbe a mgbe Spiridon D. maara ọrụ nke JS Nikitin AV Koltsov na NA Nekrasov. Ọ obi ụtọ na-agụ magazin "ebua". Spyridon D. kemgbe 1866 malitere mgbe nile ịga na Public Library.

Own Ọbá akwụkwọ na mbụ uri

On ya ideological na aesthetic nghazi na nkà ndị na-amasị nwere nti mmetụta Drozhzhina maara isi obodo ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị nnọchiteanya nke ndị dị iche n'ohu Democratic Youth. Ịchekwa na uwe na ihe oriri, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin anakọtara ya n'ọbá akwụkwọ. Ọ na-agụnye ọrụ site ya mmasị dere: M. YU. Lermontovym na A. S. Pushkinym, Koltsov na Nikitin, P.-J. Beranger na Heine, G. I. Uspenskim na Tolstoy, N. P. Ogarevym na Schiller et al. Drozhzhin nwekwara mmasị na "machibidoro iwu" akwụkwọ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 17, o kere ya mbụ uri. Kemgbe ahụ, Spiridon Drozhzhin akwụsịbeghị ede poems. The mbụ ntinye ya edetu pụtara May 10, 1867. O duuru ya ruo ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ.

The mbụ n'akwụkwọ

Site 1870 na mgbalị mbụ itinye Drozhzhina na-ebipụta ha ọrụ. O zitere n'elu 5, n'echiche nke ya, na amaokwu "Illustrated Newspaper", ma na ha na-jụrụ. Na 1873 na nọworo edemede mpụta mbụ nke na-ede uri. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ Drozhzhina uri "Song nke ugwu ezi ibe," e bipụtara "Asambodo" magazine. Kemgbe ahụ, Spiridon D. malitere ifịk ifịk na-ebipụta na a dịgasị iche iche nke magazin ( "Russian Àkù", "Family ehihie na abalị", "Business", "Okwu", na ndị ọzọ.), Nakwa dị ka na ụmụ magazin ( "Young Russia", "Skylark", " ụmụ na-agụ, "" Nwata "na ndị ọzọ.).

Fame, homecoming

Drozhzhina ama dị ka a na-ede uri na njedebe nke 1870 - 1880-ies. Ọ na-eto n'ike n'ike. IZ Surikov gosiri mmasị na-eto eto na-ede akwụkwọ onwe-kụziiri. Nke a na-ìhè site ha ozi metụtara 1879.

Na St. Petersburg, akpa collection pụtara na 1889, SD Drozhzhina ( "Poems 1866-1888 gg. With ndetu nke na-ede akwụkwọ nke ndụ m"). Na 1894 na 1907, akwụkwọ a nyegharị oge ọ bụla nke ukwu abawanye. O sina dị, ndị na-ede uri nọgidere na-adị ịda ogbenye. Ná mmalite nke 1886 Drozhzhin akpatre laghachi ala nna ya obodo Nizovka. N'ebe a, o ji kpamkpam akwụkwọ, nakwa dị ka ọrụ ugbo. L. N. Tolstoy kwadoro mkpebi, nke were Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. N'ala nna, na o kweere, nwere ike na-akpali ndị na-ede uri na ọhụrụ rụzuru.

Nzukọ Leo Tolstoy na R. M. Rilke

Drozhzhin zutere Lvom Nikolaevichem ugboro abụọ, na 1892 na 1897. The na-ede uri na obodo uwe ojii hụrụ nzuzo surveillance, nke ahụ egbochighị ya mee. Nke nta nke nta aghọ ndị ọzọ na ndị ọzọ na-ewu ewu na-ede uri Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Ya biography akara ihe dị mkpa mere na 1900: R. rutere Nizovka Rilke, oké Austrian na-ede uri. Ọ sụgharịrị German poems Spyridon 4 Dmitrievich.

New akwụkwọ, mma nke ọnọdụ ego

Otu mgbe ọzọ ke akpa afọ iri nke narị afọ nke 20 na-abịa na-esonụ akwụkwọ Drozhzhina: na 1904 - "New Poems" na 1906 - "na nwoke onye oru ugbo Year" na 1907 - "zoro ezo Songs" na 1909 - "New Russian Song" na "Bayan" . Gburugburu "Dere nke ndị mmadụ" na December 1903, nọrọ ná mgbede na Moscow, raara nye iri ncheta nke kere ihe Drozhzhina. N'otu afọ ya ụgwọ ezumike nká (180 rubles a afọ, maka ndụ) họpụtara.

Na 1904, o dere ya a ma ama uri "n'ala nna" Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Na-ede bụ mgbe a pụrụ iche mmetụta nwe ala ebe a mụrụ ya. Nke a bụ isiokwu nke ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya.

Na 1905 ọ ghọrọ otu Drozhzhin haziri na University nke Moscow Society of Ndị hụrụ Russian Literature. Na na 1910, December 29, o meriri Russian Academy nke Sciences. Ya size bụ 500 rubles. Ọ e ọdịda maka collections Drozhzhinov 1907-09. October 19, 1915, ọzọ akwụkwọ Spyridon Dmitrievich, "Songs nke ochie plowman" (bipụtara na 1913), e ọdịda site na Academy nke Sciences. Drozhzhin e ọdịda nke "Pushkin" reviews.

The ikpe nke imperialist agha na nkwado nke October mgbanwe

Ibi n'ime obodo, Spyridon D. na-esochi nke dị mkpa mere ná ndụ nke ọha mmadụ. Ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ole na ole Russian dere, bụ ndị ike ikpe na-imperialist agha. Na 1916, e nwere Drozhzhina uri "Down na agha!". Ya ọbara ihe ndị dị na 1914 akpọ "a relic nke ntụ obi ọjọọ" na ya edetu Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

Ya biography akara doo nke October mgbanwe, nke bụ 69-afọ-ede uri zutere na ọṅụ. Ọ malitere ozugbo isonye na ọrụ obodo. Drozhzhin bụ onye òtù nke onyeisi otu nke otu, ọ gara gafee mba, ndị obodo na-agụ ya ọrụ. Na-ede uri na 1919 ghọrọ onyeisi oche nke Dere 'Congress-proletarians na Tver n'ógbè. Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina poems nọgidere na-bipụtara ebipụta ya.

"Songs ọrụ na mgba"

Na 1923, ọ pụtara n'ihu ya collection titled "Songs ọrụ na-alụ." Ọ ozugbo akara abụọ anniversaries nke na-ede uri - na 75th ncheta nke ọmụmụ ya na nke 50th ncheta nke kere ihe. Na oge nke ụbọchị ndị a Spyridon D. a họpụtara ihe ùgwù so na mgbe Russian Union nke na-ede uri. Ke adianade do, akwụkwọ n'ọbá akwụkwọ aha Drozhzhina pụtara na Tver. Mgbe 5 afọ, na oge nke 80th ncheta, Spyridon D. natara ekele nke USSR Academy nke Sciences. Ọ na-e-aka site A. P. Karpinskim, ya president.

The ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya

Drozhzhin September 28, 1928, zutere na Maxim Gorky na Moscow. Ke akpatre afọ nke ndụ ya Spyridon D.-arụ ọrụ na ndị na-esonụ compilations: "Songs" (bipụtara na 1928), "Way-ụzọ" na "onye oru ugbo Songs" (ma - 1929). "Songs nke oru ugbo," bụ ndị ikpeazụ na-ede uri akwụkwọ e bipụtara na ya ndụ. Ọzọkwa Drozhzhin kwadebere maka ibi akwụkwọ anọ na-olu "Complete Works." Ke adianade do, o we me "Notes na ndụ na abu" ruo mgbe 1930.

The na-ede uri nwụrụ ya nwaafo Nizovka afọ 82. Nke a na-ekwubi na biography Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. Nkenke agwa ugbu a banyere ya kee ihe nketa.

Atụmatụ na uru e kere eke Drozhzhina

Ájá na ulo ebe-ede uri biri ọtụtụ ná ndụ ya, na 1938, e zigara obodo Zavidovo (Kalinin region). E nwere a ncheta ngosi nka nke na-ede uri, na ebe ọtụtụ admirers nke ya talent abịa ta.

Creative ụzọ Spyridon Dmitrievich bụ nnọọ anya, ihe karịrị afọ 60. Ọ bụkwa incredibly-akwụghachi ụgwọ. Drozhzhin nyere n'ụbọchị ya collection of 32, 20 nke - ruo 1917. Ọ ga-kwuru na amaokwu Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina n'ozuzu artistically mkpumkpu. Otú ọ dị hụrụ nkà na mbụ talent na akụkụ kasị mma nke ihe-nketa nke a na-ede. Na-arụ ọrụ Drozhzhina mmetụta nke ndị dị otú ahụ na-ede uri dị ka Nekrasov, Koltsov na Nikitin. Na ọtụtụ nke ọrụ ya, nke 80-90-nke afọ, ihe gosiri uri Nadsona S. Ya. Ezi obi, spontaneity, ezi obi na mfe - a bụ àgwà na-akara uri Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. Ọ nwere ike na-akpọ a na-agụ egwú nke oru ugbo ndụ. Nke ahụ bụ otú o si kọwaa ọdịdị zuru oke nke ya ịrụ ọrụ na-akpa nzọụkwụ ke akwụkwọ ( "My echiche", 1875).

A ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọrụ nke na-ede uri banyere akụkọ ifo ( "Songs nke ọrụ", "Song nke agha"). Ọtụtụ ndị ya poems na-setịpụrụ na-music site-arọ dị ka V. Ziering, Evseev, A. Cherniavsky, N. Potolovsky, Lashek F. et al. F. I. Shalyapin rụrụ abụọ songs na poems nke na-ede uri dị ka Drozhzhin Spiridon Dmitrievich .

Biography okenye na ụmụaka ndị dị n'isiokwu a na-enye nanị a elu elu nghọta nke ọrụ ya. Ọ kasị mma na-ekwu okwu ozugbo na poems, ịghọta ihe ọ pụtara na atụmatụ nke uri Spyridon Dmitrievich.