Ndu Organization

Wildlife bụ a holistic, ma nnọọ heterogeneous usoro, nke bụ ihe e ji mara otu nzukọ na a doro anya hierarchy. Ọ bụ nke a onwunwe ma na-egosipụta na-akpọ etoju nke nzukọ nke ndụ. N'usoro ihe a, ihe nile nke o doro anya na ndokwa, malite na nke kasị ala ndị kasị elu iji.

Ndu Organization - a hierarchical usoro site ebutere iwu na-egosiputa bụghị nanị ọdịdị nke ndu usoro, ma ha jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na sikwuoro na mmekọrita ọ bụla ọzọ. Taa kpebiri igbunye asatọ isi etoju

Ke adianade do, e nwere ndị na-esonụ na òtù nke usoro:

1. Micro - a ụfọdụ doorganizmennaya ogbo na-agụnye molekụla na subcellular etoju.

2. Mezosistema - bụ na-esote, organismic larịị. Ndị a gụnyere cell, anụ ahụ, ngwa, usoro, na organism etoju nke nzukọ nke ndụ.

E nwekwara nnukwu nke mejupụtara Superorganismal plurality nke etoju.

Ọ kwesịkwara kwuru na onye ọ bụla larịị nwere ya àgwà, nke a ga-atụle n'okpuru.

Doorganizmennye Biological Organization

E na-anabata igbunye abụọ bụ isi nzọụkwụ:

1. molekụla Biological Organization - anọchite anya ndị larịị nke ime ihe na nzukọ nke ndu macromolecules, gụnyere na-edozi, nucleic asịd, lipids na polysaccharides. Ebe a na-amalite ihe kacha mkpa Filiks nke ndụ nke ọ bụla organism - cell respiration, ike mgbanwe na nnyefe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ozi.

2. Subcellular larịị - ebe a na-agụnye nzukọ nke cell organelles, ọ bụla nke rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa ná ndụ na mkpụrụ ndụ.

Organismic Biological Organization

Nke a na-agụnye usoro na hụ ike n'ezi ihe nke dum. Ọ kpebiri igbunye na-esonụ:

1. Cellular Biological Òtù. Ọ bụ mba na nzuzo na cell bụ bughi unit nke ọ bụla dị ndụ organism. Nke a n'ogo na-amụ iji cytological, cytochemical, cytogenetic na microbiological ụzọ.

2. anụ ahụ ọkwa. Ebe a na-elekwasị anya ga-akwụ ụgwọ iji Ọdịdị, e ji mara na ịrụ ọrụ nke dị iche iche iche iche nke anụ ahụ, nke na, n'eziokwu, iso nke ozu. The ọmụmụ ndị a owuwu abuana ke histology na histochemistry.

3. Organ larịị. Multicellular ntule na-ji a ọhụrụ larịị nke nzukọ. Lee ụfọdụ iche iche nke akwa na-jikọtara, akpụ a coherent Ọdịdị na kpọmkwem ọrụ. Onye ọ bụla ngwa bụ akụkụ nke a ndụ organism, ma ike onwe adị n'èzí nke ya. Nke a n'ogo nke ọmụmụ dị otú ahụ na sayensị ka physiology, mmewere na embryology na ụfọdụ.

Organismal larịị na-anọchi anya ma unicellular na multicellular ntule. Mgbe niile, ọ bụla ozu dị ihe integrated usoro n'ime nke rụrụ niile mkpa Filiks nke ndụ. Ke adianade do, ha na-sonye na akaụntụ na usoro nke njikọta, mmepe na ibu, nakwa dị ka ịka nká nke onye organism. nke a n'ogo na-amụ site sayensi nke physiology, embryology, mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, mmewere, paleontology.

Supraorganismal Biological Organization

Ebe a na-sonye na akaụntụ na-adịghị ntule na ha bughi akụkụ na a ụfọdụ set nke ndụ.

1. Population-kpọmkwem larịị. Ihe bụ isi unit ebe a bụ ndị bi na - a set nke ntule a ụdị na bi ọma kọwaa ókèala. All ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu nwere ike interbreeding kpamkpam na onye ọ bụla ọzọ. The ọmụmụ aka nke a n'ogo nke sayensị dị ka taxonomy, gburugburu, ndị bi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, biogeography, taxonomy.

2. ilekota larịị - na-sonye na akaụntụ ububo obodo dị iche iche bi, ịdị adị nke a nwere njikọ chiri anya na dabere na -adịghị ndụ uwa, ọnọdụ ihu igwe, wdg Ke ofụri ofụri, na-amụ ihe nke larịị nke nzukọ aka na gburugburu ..

3. Biosphere larịị - bụ kasị ụdị nzukọ nke ndụ, nke bụ a zuru ụwa ọnụ set of biogeocenosis dum planet.