Nestor Makhno: biography, na-akpali eziokwu

Nestor Makhno, onye biography bụ ka nwere mmasị akụkọ ihe mere eme - akụkọ nke Civil War. Nwoke a banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka Makhno, dị nnọọ ka ọ na-aka ọtụtụ mkpa akwụkwọ. Nti eziokwu si ndụ nke onye ndú nke anarchist ije, ị ga-amụta site na nke a n'isiokwu a.

Nestor Makhno: biography, ezinụlọ

Iji ghọta ihe ihe ndị na-gaghị agara akara aka nke akụkọ nke Civil War, ọ bụ uru na-aṅa ntị akpa isua nke ndụ nke onye ndú nke anarchists.

Mahno Nestor Ivanovich, a obere biography nke ga-ọkọnọ n'isiokwu a, a mụrụ na a obodo a na-akpọ Gulyaypole, nke ugbu a dị na Zaporizhia mpaghara, na mbụ na ọ bụ Ekaterinoslav n'ógbè.

N'ọdịnihu ndú nke oru ugbo nnupụisi a mụrụ November 7, 1888 na ezinụlọ Ivana Rodionovicha-azụ anụ na nwunye Evdokia Matreevny. Dị ka otu version, ndị ezigbo aha anyị dike povestovaniya - Mikhnenko.

The nwa nne na nna, na-azụ 5 ụmụ, ndị ka ike na-enye ha ọzụzụ ụmụ. Nestor gụsịrị akwụkwọ a parochial akwụkwọ, na afọ asaa ama rere ure ndị obodo, bụ ndị na ano. A afọ ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na a na-arụ ọrụ ígwè foundry.

Malite mgbanwe

Nestor Makhno, onye biography malitere ịgbanwe n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama na mmalite nke mgbanwe, na 1905, e kwetara na anarchist otu na egosiwo ugboro ugboro na a ga-hụrụ ke òtù ime ihe ike na-eyi ọha egwu arụmọrụ.

Na otu nke clashes na uwe ojii gburu Nestor mkpọrọ iji. Ndị dara e jidere, na n'ihi na-eme ụdị a daring mpụ ikpe ọnwụ. Nestor e zoputara nani na na oge nke ikpe, ọ ka a obere nwata. Ọnwụ ahiriokwu e commuted 10 afọ na ịrụ ọrụ mmanye.

Na-eto eto dara bụ na Butyrskaya.

Oge bụghị nọrọ n'efu

Ọ ga-kwuru na Nestor Makhno, onye biography natara a ọhụrụ gburugburu nke oge egbughị n'ụlọ mkpọrọ efunahụghị. Ọ ifịk ifịk malitere itinye aka na onwe-akụziri. Nke a so mee bụghị nanị na nkata na vetiran mkpọrọ, ma a ọgaranya n'ọbá akwụkwọ na-agbazi ndị mkpọrọ.

Mgbe agbara n'ụlọ mkpọrọ a na-eto eto dara choro ga-etinye ndị mkpọrọ na-eje ozi ahịrịokwu maka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihe. Anarchists na-gụnyere ke gburugburu ndị mkpọrọ emecha ekara àgwà ya na ọhụụ nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nke mba.

mgbe a tọhapụsịrị,

The February mgbanwe nke 1917 na afọ nyeere Nestor na-wepụtara n'ihu oge. Mmụọ nsọ site enwetara ihe ọmụma, Makhno zigara n'ala nna ya, ebe ọ na-adịghị anya duru Kọmitii Zọpụta mgbanwe.

Dika vocations òtù nke Committee, ndị nkịtị nwere kpamkpam eleghara niile iwu nke-elebara Government. Ha nwekwara e butere site na iwu na nkewa nke ala n'etiti ndị nkịtị.

N'agbanyeghị nke n'elu nzọụkwụ, na October mgbanwe, Makhno were na mbuaha mmetụta, n'ihi na o kweere na Bolshevik ọchịchị mgbochi oru ugbo.

Military showdown: na-atọ?

Mgbe na 1918 Ukraine e nwere site na Germany, isi nke anarchists edu ya agha nnupụisi, onye lụrụ ọgụ megide German occupiers na imegide Ukrainian ọchịchị, nke e mere site Hetman Skoropadsky.

Ịghọ a ndú nnupụisi ije, Nestor Makhno, onye biography na-amalite na-eto eto n'ime ọhụrụ na-akpali eziokwu, ụtọ oké ewu ewu n'etiti ndị ọrụ ugbo.

Mgbe ọdịda nke Skoropadsky ike, na-anọchi ọchịchị Petlyura bịara Makhno ikwubi a ọhụrụ nkwekọrịta na Red Army, nke na-agba mbọ na-alụ ọgụ megide Directory.

Mmetụta ndị zuru nwe Gulyaypole, Nestor Makhno mgbe mere butere oghere nke ụlọ ọgwụ, ụlọ ahịa, ụlọ akwụkwọ, na ọbụna nkiri. Idyll imebi jide Huliaipole Denikin na ndị agha ya. The dike nke anyị akụkọ na-amalite a agha okpuru agha.

Ya agha arụmọrụ Makhno nyeere Red Army iji gbochie penetration nke Denikin agha na Moscow. Mgbe ikpeazụ e kpamkpam tutu amama, na Bolsheviks akpọ ndị agha Makhno n'èzí iwu. O meela egwuri a ọrụ.

Ọ chọrọ iji ohere nke General Wrangel. Ọ chua Ataman anarchists imekọ ihe ọnụ, ma Makhno jụrụ. Mgbe Red Army ná mgbalị merie Wrangel, nnọọ mkpa iji nyere Makhno, na Bolsheviks ọzọ nyere ya ọzọ nkwekọrịta. Nestor Makhno kwetara ya.

Na Makhno, na-atụle otu n'ime iwu nke Red Command ọnyà kwụsịrị irubere oge nke n'elu ihe agha ahụ. Ọ bụ eziokwu na ndị Bolsheviks malitere liquidating ya okpuru nkeji.

Gbanahụ-achụ ya, na 1921, Nestor Makhno, a obere biography nke ọzọ agbanweela, na a obere ìgwè nke dị ka kpọrọ gafere Romanian ókè.

The ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya

Makhno ọsọ ná mba ọzọ ya na nwunye ya agha Agafia Kuzmenko. Romanians, na-enweghị na-eche echiche ugboro abụọ, gafere ọsọ na Polish ọchịchị, nke mechara mkpi ha France.

The ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya Makhno biri na ịda ogbenye, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka a ọrụ. Mgbe o bi na Paris, Nestor emepụta ọtụtụ promotional broshuọ. Ndụ ezinụlọ ya enweghị obi ụtọ na, kwa, ya na nwunye ya, ha dịrị ndụ ogologo oge iche.

Ọ nwụrụ isi nke anarchists na afọ nke 45 si ụkwara nta. E liri ya na Pere Lachaise na-eli ozu.