Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky: biography

Bolshevik Party edu dị iche iche ndị mmadụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ na-ghar orators, ndị ọzọ dị iche pụtara ìhè nzukọ nkà, ndị ọzọ guzo pụtara anụmanụ obi ọjọọ. A pụrụ iche ebe ke party iconography ewe Dzerzhinskiy Feliks Edmundovich. Kwuru si ya okwu na mfe nkebi ahịrịokwu, ha ama esịn site na agafe, na-agba akaebe na ngwọju-anya ọbụla nke ọdịdị na mbụ talent. Na otu aka, ha igosipụta echiche alertness kọwaa Ihunanya n'ụwa si ele na uche zuru arụmụka na ndị ọzọ - bụ kpọmkwem atuaha na ụzọ nke ya ọrụ. Time, N'ezie, ọ bụ ike, ma, otú a ka ndị ikom ya.

emegiderịta icon

Eserese nke Feliksa Dzerzhinskogo chọọ mgbidi nke Soviet oge ọrụ niile òtù ndị na-ketara ọrụ nke Cheka (OGPU, MGB, KGB, Ministry nke esịtidem Affairs), na ncheta ya guzo na etiti nke Lubyanka Square, ozugbo na ncherita-ụlọ nke mbụ nkwonkwo-ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ "Russian", na-enye ruo mgbanwe insurance ọrụ. JSC apụwo n'anya, ma na-atụ egwu nọgidere ruo ogologo oge, oge niile nke Soviet Union. coercive ngwa nke ala dị mkpa, karịsịa-ewu ewu na proletarian. Na mgbọrọgwụ nke e kere eke, na mmalite nke mmepe nke echiche nke usoro, bụ Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky. The paradoxical uwa nke a ọnọdụ (ọ bụ omume na a ụkpụrụ) mejupụtara ke eziokwu na ọ nọrọ ukwuu ná ndụ ya n'ala ọzọ na mkpọrọ, na-ata ahụhụ n'ihi na ha na-emegide ọchịchị kasị n'oge nke na-elekọta mmadụ usoro. Ahụmahụ e nwetara site "Iron Felix" na afọ ndị ahụ, ọ na-sonye na akaụntụ. The Soviet usoro nke n'igbochi discontent bụ nnọọ ike, sie ike na ndị ọzọ dị irè eze.

The ezinụlọ nke ala na ya na nwata nọrọ na ya

September 11, 1877 na a na ezinụlọ nke ndị nkụzi na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị E. I. Dzerzhinskogo, n'okpukpe Katọlik, nwere nwa nwoke, aha ya bụ Filiks. Na-elekọta mmadụ na ọnọdụ nke nna nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu onyeisi oche nke Cheka nwere ike ekewet landlords, ọ bụ ezie na obere, o nwere a farmstead Dzerzhinovo.

The ezinụlọ a buru ibu ma Felix toro ya na ụmụnna (Ignatius, Kazimierz, Stanisław, Jadwiga, Aldona, Vladislav na Wanda), na-egosi enweghị ego ịrụ ọrụ mmanye nke a ogbenye nobleman ka ubi nke mmụta ọha na eze. Mgbe Felix ama a nwa okorobịa, na ugbo e a ọdachi, mmadụ na mberede gbara gburu nwa-nwayi Edmund Iosifovicha. Ịmụta si onye onye mere ọnwụ nke Wanda, ọ bụghị, ndị nchọpụta ahụ kwubiri na mberede mere n'ihi ileghara.

High-akwụkwọ enyi Yuzek Pilsudski na agụmakwụkwọ ịga nke ọma

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri, Felix zutere onye ọzọ ga-eme n'ọdịnihu oké osisi, Yuzekom. The enyi mụọ ọnụ maka afọ asatọ, n'amaghị na otu onye n'ime ha ga-aghọ a ọkachamara revolutionary, na ndị ọzọ - ezigbo onye mgbochi Kọmunist. Ọ Jozef Pilsudski inwe ike ịtụgharị uche na 1920 agha nke Red Army, n'azụ nke ga-iwu Dzerzhinskiy Feliks Edmundovich. Mba nke ugbu Bolshevik bụghị otú ahụ dị mkpa, ma ọ dị mkpa, na gị mba, ị nwere ike na-awakpo.

Special talent schoolboy Felix egosighị. Na mbụ na klas, ọ mụụrụ ruo afọ abụọ. Akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na-ewere biri agaghị ekwe omume akwụkwọ ọ natara naanị a akwụkwọ, na-ekwu na "ihe ọma" (ma ọ bụghị "magburu onwe"), e nyere ya iwu Chineke, ma na Latin, French, physics, jiometrị, algebra, na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ya ịga nke ọma inyocha na a siri ike "atọ". Na ọ bụ nnọọ ihe ọjọọ ndị ha na Grik na Russian asụsụ. Na ihe niile a na a na-eju afọ ịdị uchu, omume na anya.

The mmalite nke amamihe na-alụ

Ya mere, nwa okorobịa si na na-emega ahụ mgbidi. Onye ọ bụla: nkụzi na ụmụ akwụkwọ ibe, na ya o doro anya na ọ dịghị ihe pụrụ iche ọchịchọ na talent, ọ dịghị enweta. Rich nketa dị ka tụrụ anya na enweghị ka. Ma mgbe ahụ nwa okorobịa bịara nwee mmasị Marxism (ma ọ bụrụ na echiche a ifịk ifịk jide na-enupụ isi ihe uche). Ọ rịọrọ na ala na a gburugburu nke Dzerzhinskiy Feliks Edmundovich. Real aha, o doro anya na o yiri ka ya onwe ya kwa, na Polish ihunanya ezu, o wee kpọrọ ya aha otutu-enyocha mbara igwe. Gịnị mere nke a, na akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ nkịtị. Iduziri nduhie n'etiti-agụghị oké akwụkwọ na ụmụ akwụkwọ na-amụ ọrụ (maka ọzụzụ a na-ezu), enyocha mbara igwe mere ụfọdụ ndudue, nke rụpụtara ke otu n'ime akwalite ha ala-ọkà ọrụ dere, sị a kọọrọ ndị uwe ojii nke mkpa ọdịnaya - na Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky rutere n'ebe Kovno mkpọrọ (1897 ). Mgbe a afọ nke ya ntọhapụ a chụpụrụ na Nolinsk Vyatka ógbè n'okpuru a afọ atọ na-elekọta ndị uwe ojii, ma ọ nọ na-arụ ọrụ a na-emepụta sịga factory calico-ebi, site na amamihe echiche emeghị ajụ. Link ọzọ, mgbe ahụ gbapụ.

A ndụ jupụtara romance: njide, a dọọrọ n'agha na gbapụ eruwo

Vilnius, Lithuania, Poland - ebe ndị a na a map, nke na nke narị afọ mere Dzerzhinskiy Feliks Edmundovich. Ya biography bụ replete na ngosipụta nke njide na nkwenkwe. Warsaw Citadel (1900), Siedlce Central (1901), Viluiskaya n'ụzọ mkpọrọ (1902), Alexander njikọ na ihunanya ụzọ mgbapụ si Verkholensk ụgbọ mmiri. Mgbe njem, nke oge nke Social Democratic Poland na Lithuania ogbako amalite party ọrụ. Ugbu a, ọ na - na odeakwụkwọ nke ndị mba ọzọ na kọmitii.

Njide na ufụn niile ghọọ ihe na-akpali

Mgbe agha Japan, na Polish-Lithuanian sotsdeki (SDKPiL) mere ihe niile siere ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Ngosi, riots, etiwapụ, na ọbụna sabotaji ifịk ifịk chua agha nku nke ọzọ, n'ihi na nke ndị ndú ya bu ọzọ na nga. Anyị nwere ike na-eche softness eze ahịrịokwu. Felix Dzerzhinsky, na 1905, a tụbara n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Ọ bụ na July, na October ọ ama gbaghaara. December 1906, jidere Warsaw na ikpe, na June gbapụtara. Na 1909, ikpe --adịru ogologo ndụ Siberia biri n'ala ọzọ, site na nke ụzọ mgbapụ gosiri na gbalụ gbalụ, ma ọ bụghị nanị n'ebe ọ bụla, ma ozugbo na Maksimu Gorkomu na Capri. Ọ dị onye ugbu a dị otú ahụ nwere ike ikwugharị?

tupu mgbanwe

Na 1910, otu odeakwụkwọ nke ndụ (na akụkụ-oge àkù) bụ ihe dị mkpa mere - ọ lụrụ. Nhọrọ ya bụ Sophia Mushkat, enyere Devid aka. Na ya edetu ndetu a na e nwere edoghi banyere ịhụnanya, nke na-enye ume iji tachie obi niile ihe isi ike. Na mbụ na hụrụ na agha megide nzube nke ndụ Dzerzhinskiy Feliks Edmundovich. Brief biography na ọ nwere ozi na na afọ 1910-1911, ọ na-akwado Lenin ọkwá, na-emegide Plekhanov na ya iwu ụzọ. Na 1912, e jidere ya ọzọ, nke a oge na-ike-isi-enupu isi na-agba ọsọ ndụ na-eji a dị irè karị ada - afọ atọ mbụ nke ike oru (Oryol Mkpọrọ), mgbe ahụ isii ọzọ na Butyrka, ebe ọ pụrụ nọdụ n'aka nri ruo 1922, ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị The February mgbanwe.

Jacobin proletarian mgbanwe

Mgbe na ijikọta na SDKPiL RSDRP (b) Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky ozugbo Switched n'ọrụ party ọrụ. N'oge a, ndị nkwenkwe adịghị adị, na ọnọdụ kpebisiri ike, na n'ebe dị otú ahụ dị mkpa dị ka onwe onye na-mkpebi siri ike nke mba na-emegide Secretary nke Leninist N'ezie, ma ọ bụ ruo nwa oge. More mkpa abụghị okwu, na otú ahụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, nzukọ ndị agha mgbanwe, e guzobere nke ọgụ nkeji nke Red Nche na ọdịdọ nke nkwurịta okwu emmepe na 25 October. Dzerzhinsky ọbụna Narkomvoenmor ọtụtụ okpomọkụ nke 1917 tupu nke a post were L. D. Trotsky. Lenin kpọrọ ya a Jacobin, na ọ bụ a otito. The party chọrọ ngwa ngwa a nwoke ga-enwe ike ike ma na-edu a pụrụ iche n'ahụ, ahụhụ na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, na nke a, e kenyere na "ígwè" Filiks.

Oké ụjọ na a bit nke Trotskyism

Na December 1917, e nwere ezigbo ihe iyi egwu nke obodo-orù mba iku. CPC zara ya kere eke nke All-Russian Extraordinary Commission maka iti sabotaji. Na ọ bụ ya na ikanam Dzerzhinsky (1922 ọ e renamed na OGPU) ruo ọnwụ ya. HC abuana ke uka ada, na isi ya ghọrọ mgbe ndị initiator nke mbak ke pasent nke ndị bi na mbibi nke ndị na zuru ezu na mkpochapụ nke ndị nnọchiteanya nke "parasitic klaasị." Naanị otu ugboro ya kwụsịrị ogbugbu nke ọrụ ha, gbaa arụkwaghịm. Ọ mere mgbe ogbugbu nke Mirbach, ndị German nochite anya, zuru okè na-akpaghasị udo (n'ezie capitulation) mkparita uka na Brest. N'oge a, Dzerzhinsky were Trotskyist itie ke ukperedem ugboro ugboro chegharịrị. Na ndị ọzọ nke "ígwè" Feliks Sovnarkom ndokwa: ihicha na-emepụta, were edoro na mbe, gbara ha. Ọ dị mma na ya ọrụ, ọ na-ahụbeghị.

Children, egwuregwu, ada, n'ime-party mgba na ọnwụ

The Civil War dị n'elu, na nke a pụta ekperima fratricidal mgbuchapụ meghere gburugburu ụjọ. Ụlọ ọrụ e bibiri, n'ebe nile, we buru eze mbibi, mba ahụ nọ na idei mmiri na n'okporo ámá ụmụaka. Nde ise na-anwụghị nke ụmụaka ekpe na-enweghị nne na nna, na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ bụ omume na-na-ahụ taa. Felix Dzerzhinsky nabata mkpa ala omume na cultivation nke aja na agha ọgbọ, nke kwesịrị bụghị nanị na-eri nri, uwe na iyiri akpụkpọ, ma ịzụlite mmụọ nke a ọhụrụ na-elekọta mmadụ iji. Iji mezuo nke a, n'oge niile Russia kere ụmụ mgbei na ụmụ njide center nke mmekota. Atumatu oru ngo a nwere ike na-akpọ otu n'ime ndị kasị ihe ịga nke ọma na Soviet mere eme.

Mmadụ ole na ole taa na-echeta na Dzerzhinskiy Feliks Edmundovich, a foto nke (karịsịa mgbe e mesịrị) na-atụ aro banyere ọrịa ya, ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ nke uka sports na USSR. Ọzọkwa, a na otu "machini" nwere ike na-akpọ ya brainchild.

Na-echeta ya onwe ya n'oge gara aga, jupụta ọdịiche na deviations si party akara, Dzerzhinsky mgbe kpechitere maka Bolsheviks, ikwe yiri ideological flaws. Ikekwe nnọọ, ma ọ bụrụ na na o biri ogologo, ọ gaara na-akọrọ akara aka nke ọtụtụ n'ime ndị òtù nke Central Committee nke Leninist set, na ọ ga-echeta ya nile "Trotskyism" na ndị ọzọ "rykizmy-pyatakizmy-kamenizmy" na 1937 ma ọ bụ na 1938. Na a uche, ọ bụ ọbụna kechioma, ọ dịkarịa ala n'echiche nke akụkọ ihe mere eme. N'oge party plenum ke 1926 o kwuru otú mmetụta uche na ha na mbụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya na ndị enyi, na Kamenev, Pyatakov, obi ya nyere a Bolshevik, na na mgbede onye otu Dzerzhinsky nwụrụ.

Ọ ghọrọ Soviet icon, a na akara nke resilience, kpọ aha-ya ụlọ mmepụta ihe, ụlọ akwụkwọ, nkewa, steamers na obodo ...