Ngwakọta Copper: quantitative and qualitative characteristics

Okwu ahụ bụ "nitrate" pụtara a nnu onwu maara nke ọma nitric acid, nke ihe mejupụtara a ezighị ebubo akụkụ NO3. Na ihe omimi na oru ugbo, a na-eji otutu nitrate - "saltpetre" - a na-eji ya eme ihe mgbe nile, ma obuna ebe a ka ndi oka sayensi kwadoro aha a.

N'ileba anya na ihe di iche iche nke oru nitrate, o kwesiri iburu n'uche na ebe eburu ha na mmekorita nke nitric acid na oxides, salts na, karia mgbe, ya na ọla. N'ime ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke ụlọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nitrates nile nwere nkwụsi ike, ma mgbe okpomọkụ na-arị elu ruo 200-6000 Celsius, ha malitere agbaze, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ decomposing n'ime ihe mejupụtara.

Site n'ụzọ, site na ihe ndị dị aṅaa ka nitrates decompose, onye nwere ike ikpebi ebe ha nwere na usoro electrochemical nke nrụgide ígwè. Karịsịa, ihe niile dị na nitrates na, mgbe ha kwụsịrị, nye nitrites na ikuku oxygen nwere ọla ndị dị n'aka ekpe magnesium (dịka ọmụmaatụ, lithium, barium, aluminum, cobalt). Ndị nitrates, nke na-amalite irekasị etolite nitrogen oxides na metal, na oxygen na electrochemical usoro mere ndokwa na otu nkeji si magnesium ka ọla kọpa.

Ọla kọpa nitrate na-akpa àgwà na a n'ụzọ pụrụ iche: ndị oxygen n'oge ya decomposition bụghị tọhapụrụ, na a kpụrụ bivalent ọla kọpa oxide na nitrogen dioxide. Ma, n'ihi na ihe atụ, a ngwọta nke silver nitrate amalite irekasị na okpomọkụ nke "dị nnọọ" 1700 ° C, pụta ìhè ọ bụghị nanị na ọcha oxygen ka tetravalent nitrogen oxide, ma ozugbo silver molekul.

Ọ dịkwa mma ịchọrọ na kpam kpam niile nitrates bụ kasị oxidants, na ọ bụ na ala siri ike. Ma na ngwọta, ha na-efunahụ ihe onwunwe ha na-egbu egbu, dị iche iche, ya mere, site n'otu nitric acid.

Site n'oge ochie, ndị mmadụ achọpụtala na salts nke nitric acid na, nke mbụ, nitrates bụ nri ndị magburu onwe ha nwere ikike iweghachi ọmụmụ nke ala. Mgbe e mesịrị, e ji akụkụ dị ukwuu nke nitrates mee ihe mgbawa na ọgwụ ọjọọ.

Ọrụ pụrụ iche n'etiti nitrates nile bụ ọla nitrate.

Ọla kọpa nitrate (Cu (NO3) 2) na-anọchi anya a mgbagwoju inorganic umi na ha mebere atumatu ma chemical Njirimara metụtara ọla kọpa salts na nitric acid. Dika ihe ndi ozo bu, nitrate nitrate bu ihe siri ike na ngosiputa nke kristal, nke kpochapuru kpamkpam na mmiri na otutu nghota ndi ozo (dika ima, ethanol, mmiri ammonia, ethyl acetate). N'otu oge ahụ dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọzọ na salts nke nitric acid, ọla kọpa nitrate amịkọrọ mmiri na-etolite a kpọmkwem crystal anụnụ anụnụ na agba, nke na-agbasa na ikuku na a elu ikwu iru mmiri.

Ihe gbasara chemical nke nitrate a bu ihe di na 64 g / mol, ma n'aka nke ozo, na ike nke ọla kọpa nitrate iji wepu mmiri, si otú a gbanwee aha ya (nitrate trihydrate - Hexahydrate), na ihe ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, hydrate ọla kọpa na-adịghị ala ala na-adaba na okpomọkụ nke 1700 ° C, na trihydrate - na 1200 Celsius C.

Nkịtị ọla nke ọla kọpa dịkwa mkpa n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ụzọ bụ isi isi mepụta ọla kọpa nitrate bụ ịkọpụta mkpụrụ ndụ nke ọla kọpa na tetravalent ọla kọpa oxide. A ghaghị iburu n'uche na nitrate ọla kọpa bụ ihe na-egbu egbu, ya mere ọ ghaghị imepụta ya ma nchekwa ya dịka ihe niile dị mkpa maka iwu nchekwa. Karịsịa, ọ dị mkpa ịkpachara anya ka ị ghara inwe ihe a na akpụkpọ anụ mucous ma ọ bụ na akpụkpọ ahụ mmadụ, dị ka a na-enwe mgbakasị, nke nwere ike ịkpata ọrịa dị iche iche.

Site n'ụzọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nitrates niile na-akpata ọnyá ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ ọnya ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu ihe ngwọta nke ọlaọcha nitrate na kọntaktị na akpụkpọ anụ na-akpata ọdịdị nke ntụ ojii, ma ọ bụrụ na ijide ya ogologo, ọ nwere ike ịkpata ọkụ.