Ngwakọta protein na nke fibrillar: ọdịdị ndị bụ isi

The anọ kasị mkpa ọmụmụ nke organic ogige nke bụ akụkụ nke aru: nucleic asịd, abụba, carbohydrates na-edozi ahụ. A ga-atụle nke a n'isiokwu a.

Kedu ihe bụ protein?

Ndị a bụ ogidi chemical polymeric, nke amino acids wuru. Ndị na-edozi nwere usoro dị mgbagwoju anya.

Kedu ka e si edozi protein ahụ?

Nke a na - eme n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ nke ahụ. E nwere organoids pụrụ iche bụ ndị na-ahụ maka usoro a. Ndị a bụ ribosomes. Ha nwere akụkụ abụọ: obere na nnukwu, nke a jikọtara n'oge ọrụ nke organelle. Usoro nke synthesizing otu polypeptide chain nke amino acids a na-akpọ nsụgharị.

Kedu ihe bụ amino acids?

N'agbanyeghi na otutu ndi na-edozi n'ime ahu nke otutu amino acids, site na nke ha nwere ike iguzobe, enwere nani iri abuo. A na-enweta ụdị protein ndị dị otú a n'ihi njikọ dịgasị iche iche na usoro nke amino acid a, tinyere ebe ntinye dị iche iche nke mejupụtara ọgbara ọhụrụ.

Amino acids nwere na ha chemical mejupụtara abụọ arụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ: carboxyl na amino, nakwa radical: aromatic, aliphatic ma ọ bụ heterocyclic. Tụkwasị na nke a, ndị nwere ike ịme ihe nwere ike ịgụnye ndị ọzọ ọrụ. Ndị a nwere ike ịbụ ndị ọrụ carboxyl, amino dị iche iche, amide, hydroxyl, iche iche guanide. Ọzọkwa, radical nwere ike ibu sulfur na ya mejupụtara.

Nke a bụ ndepụta nke asịd nke nwere ike ịmepụta ndị na - edozi ahụ:

• Alanine;
• Glycine;
• Leucine;
• Valine;
• Isoleucine;
• Threonine;
• Serine;
• glutamic acid ;
• aspartic acid ;
• Glutamine;
• Asparagine;
• Nkwụsị;
• Lysine;
• Methionine;
• Cysteine;
• Tyrosine;
• Phenylalanine;
• Histidine;
• Tasptophan;
• Proline.

N'ime ihe ndị a, iri anaghị emezigharị - ndị na-enweghị ike ịmepụta n'ime ahụ mmadụ. Ndị a bụ valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine. Ha ga-abanye n'anụ ahụ na nri. A na-achọta ọtụtụ amino acid dị otú ahụ na azụ, anụ ehi, anụ, mkpụrụ, agwa.

Isi ihe dị na protein - gịnị ka ọ bụ?

Nke a bụ usoro nke amino acids na nha. Ịmata isi Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein, ọ pụrụ ime ka ihe kpọmkwem chemical usoro.

Nhazi nke abuo

Nke a bụ ụzọ nke na-agbagọ skepe polypeptide. E nwere ụzọ abụọ ntinye protein: oghere helix na beta. The abụọ Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein na-nyere site hydrogen nkekọ dị n'etiti CO- na NH- iche iche.

Ọdịdị dị elu nke protein ahụ

Nke a bụ nhazi ihu igwe nke gburugburu ma ọ bụ ụzọ e si etinye ya na otu olu. A na-enye ya site na disulfide na nke peptide chemical bonds.

Dabere na ụdị nke ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu, e nwere fibrillar na proteins ụwa. Ndị nke ikpeazụ nwere ọdịdị ọdịdị. Uzo nke ndi na-edozi fibrillar di ka filament nke eji site na multilayer stacking nke mmebe beta ma obu nhazi nke ihe di iche iche.

Ọdịdị na-agbanwe agbanwe

Ọ bụ njirimara nke ndị na-edozi ahụ nke na-enweghị otu ma ọtụtụ ụdị polypeptide n'ime ha. A na-akpọ ndị na-edozi ahụ dị ka oligomeric. A na-akpọ onye ọ bụla na-emepụta ihe ha na-akpọ protomers. Ihe ndị na-emepụta protein nke oligomeric nwere ike inwe otu ma ọ bụ ụdị isi, nke abụọ ma ọ bụ nke elu.

Gịnị bụ denaturation?

Nke a bụ mbibi nke ebe obibi ala, nke dị elu, nke abụọ, na-esi na ya efunahụ ya, ihe anụ ahụ ma gharazi ịrụ ọrụ ya na ahụ. Usoro a nwere ike ime n'ihi ihe dị elu na protein (site na Celsius Celsius 38 degrees, ma maka protein ọ bụla nke a bụ onye ọ bụla) ma ọ bụ na-eme ihe ike dika acids na alkalis.

Ufodu ndi na-edozi nwere ike imeghari - mmeghari ohuru ha.

Nhazi nke ndi na-edozi

N'iburu ihe a na-eme na mmiri, ha na-ekewa dị mfe na mgbagwoju anya.

Ngwọrọgwu dị mfe (ndị na-edozi) bụ ndị nwere nanị amino acid.

Ndị na-edozi mgbagwoju anya (ndị na-echebe) bụ ndị nwere ụdị prosthetic na ha.

Dabere na ụdị prosthetic, ndị na-edozi nwere ike kewaa:

• Lipoproteins (nwere lipids);
• Nucleoproteins (e nwere nucleic acid na ngwugwu);
• Chromoproteins (nwere pigments);
• Phosphoproteins (ha nwere phosphoric acid na ngwugwu);
• Metalloproteins (nwere ọla);
• Glycoproteins (n'ime ihe ndị ahụ nwere carbohydrates).

Ke adianade do, dabere na ụdị nke ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu, e nwere protein na fibrillar. Ha abụọ nwere ike ịdị mfe ma ọ bụ mgbagwoju anya.

Njirimara nke protein na fibrillar na ọrụ ha n'ime ahụ

Enwere ike ikewa ha n'òtù atọ dị iche iche na-adabere na nhazi nke abụọ:

• Nhazi akwukwo. Ndị a na-agụnye keratin, myosin, tropomyosin na ndị ọzọ.
• Beta ahazi. Dị ka ihe atụ, fibroin.
• Collagen. Nke a protein, nke nwere a pụrụ iche nke abụọ Ọdịdị, nke bụ ma Alfa-helix ma ọ bụ beta-Ọdịdị.

Akụkụ nke ndị na-edozi protein fibrillar nke atọ dị iche iche gụnyere n'eziokwu ahụ na ha nwere ụdị ụlọ elu dịka, dịka mmiri na-agbanyekwa na mmiri.

Ka anyị kwuo banyere protein dị iche iche nke fibrillar n'ụzọ zuru ezu iji mee ka:

• Keratin. Nke a bụ otu ìgwè dị iche iche dị iche iche na-edozi ahụ, nke bụ isi na ntutu, mbọ, nku, ajị, mpi, hoofs, wdg. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, protein fibrillar nke ìgwè nke cytokeratin bụ akụkụ nke sel, na-eme cytoskeleton.
• Myosin. Ọ bụ ihe na-abụ akụkụ nke eriri anụ ahụ. Tinyere ihe a na-eme, protein a bụ fibrillar bụ nkwekọrịta ma na-eme ka akwara ahụ nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ.
• Tropomyosin. Nke a na-ejikọta alpha-helices abụọ. Ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke uru ahụ.
• Fibroin. Ngwurugwu na arachnids dị iche iche dịpụrụ iche nke protein a. Ọ bụ ihe bụ isi nke weebụ na silk.
• Collagen. Nke a bụ protein kachasị na fibrillar na ahụ mmadụ. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke mkpịsị aka, akwara, akwara, arịa, akpụkpọ anụ, wdg. Nke a na-enye nhazi nke anụ ahụ. Mmepụta nke collagen n'ime ahụ na-ebelata mgbe ọ dị afọ, na njikọta nke mmịkpọ na-apụta na akpụkpọ ahụ, aka na nkwonkwo na-ada mbà, wdg.

Ọzọ, tụlee nke abụọ nke ndị na-edozi ahụ.

Ndị na-edozi ụwa: iche, ihe onwunwe na ọrụ ndụ

Ihe nke otu a nwere ọdịdị nke ọhụụ. Ha nwere ike solu na mmiri, ihe ngwọta nke alkalis, salts na acid.

Ihe kachasị na-edozi ahụ n'ụwa bụ:

• Albumin: ovalbumin, lactalbumin, wdg.
• Globulins: ndị na-edozi ọbara (eg, hemoglobin, myoglobin), wdg.

Nkọwa banyere ụfọdụ n'ime ha:

• Ovalbumin. N'ime protein a, akwa ọcha dị pasent 60.
• Lactalbumin. Akụkụ bụ isi nke mmiri ara ehi.
• Hemoglobin. Ọ bụ protein dị mgbagwojuru anya, nke ihe ngwongwo nke prosthetic na-eme bụ - otu ụzụ nke nwere ígwè. A na-ahụ hemoglobin n'ọbara ọbara uhie. Ọ bụ protein nwere ike ejikọta ya na oxygen ma bufee ya.
• Myoglobin. Ọ bụ protein dị ka hemoglobin. Ọ na-arụ otu ọrụ ahụ - ikesa oxygen. Ụdị protein dị otú a dị na mọzụlụ (nke a na-agbaso na obi obi).

Ugbu a, ị maara ọdịiche dị iche n'etiti ihe dị mfe na mgbagwoju anya, fibrillar na protein ndị ụwa.