Pedology - bụ ịghọta echiche nke ...

Pedology - bụ a sayensị, na ijikọta ahụ na-eru nso nke nkà mmụta ọgwụ, bayoloji, pedagogy na-emetụta akparamàgwà mmadụ usoro mmepe nke nwa. N'agbanyeghị na okwu bụ bụzi ihe mgbe ochie na ka enwetara usoro nke nwa akparamaagwa, eluigwe na ala pedological ụzọ nke-adọta anya nanị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ma ndị mmadụ na mpụga nke nkà mmụta sayensị na ụwa.

akụkọ

Pedology akụkọ ihe mere eme na-amalite West na mbubreyo narị afọ nke 19. Ya ntoputa n'ụzọ dị ukwuu mee ka kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ mmepe nke etinyere alaka nke ibuo pedagogy na akparamaagwa. N'ịgwa nke na-eru nso otu anatomical-n'ahụ na ndu mere na paedology mechanically. More kpomkwem, ọ tụziri site a mgbagwoju, mbara ọmụmụ nke iche echiche mmepe nke ụmụaka na àgwà ha.

Okwu ahụ bụ "pedology" ẹkenam site American ọkà mmụta sayensị-eme nchọpụta Krismanom Oscar na 1853. The Greek definition bụ dị ka "ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke ụmụ" (Pedos - nwa, logos - sayensị, ọmụmụ).

mmiri

The mbụ ọrụ na pedology e dere site American ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ GS Ụlọ Nzukọ, J .. Baldwin na physiologist W. Preyer. Ha guzo si malite nke otito akparamaagwa kpọkọta a nnukwu ụlọ ahịa nke ahụrụ anya data na mmepe na akparamàgwà nke ụmụ. Na ọlu-ha revolutionary na ọtụtụ ụzọ na-etolite ndabere nke nwa na otito akparamaagwa.

na Russia

Ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20, a ọhụrụ na nkà mmụta sayensị na ugbu a penetrated n'ime Russia (mgbe ahụ USSR) na natara a kwesịrị sequel na ọrụ ọrịa uche na reflexology VM Spondylitis, ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ AP Nechayev, physiologist E. Moymana pathologists na Gi Rossolimo. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha site n'onye ahụ nke na ọrụ ha na-agbalị ịkọwa na ichepụta iwu nke nwa development na ụzọ nke ya mgbazi.

Pedology na Russia nweela bara akporo: meghere pedological institutes na "Ụmụaka House" (Moscow), a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pụrụ iche ọmụmụ. The ụlọ akwụkwọ ekenịmde psychological ule, pụta nke klas nke ngwá mere. The ọmụmụ nke nwa akparamaagwa jikọrọ eduga ndị ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ, physiologists, ndị dọkịta na ndị nkụzi nke mba. All nke a mere na ebumnuche nke a sara mbara na-amụ nwa development. Otú ọ dị, ndị dị otú ahụ a dị mfe ọrụ na-adịghị nnọọ ziri ezi na-esi n'aka.

Site na 20 nke afọ na Russian pedology - a buru ibu na nkà mmụta sayensị ije, ma ọ bụghị a mgbagwoju sayensị. Isi mgbochi njikọ nke ihe ọmụma nke nwa ahụ enweghị a mbido analysis nke ụzọ nke sayensị, ka elu a dị mgbagwoju.

njehie

The isi ndudue nke Soviet pedologists atụle ihe underestimation nke ọrụ nke ketara eketa na na mmepe nke ụmụaka na mmetụta ha n'ịkpụzi ndị mmadụ nke na-elekọta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Na a bara uru akụkụ na nkà mmụta sayensị na mejọrọ agụnye mkpoputa na ojiji nke ọgụgụ isi ule.

Na 30s niile ntụpọ jiworo nwayọọ nwayọọ gbazie na Soviet pedology mmalite nke a ọzọ nwee obi ike na ihe bara uru n'ụzọ. Otú ọ dị, na 1936, ọ ghọrọ a "pseudo-sayensị", ifọnke usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. The revolutionary nwere apịaji, pedological lab emechi. Testing bụ isi usoro nke pedological, ọ bụ na-adịghị ike na izi omume. Ebe ọ bụ na ihe ndị kasị ụmụ tụgharịa si nkà nchụàjà, ndị ọcha na "rere ure" intelligentsia, kama nke proletariat. Na na ọ bụ dakọtara na ndị ọzọ echiche ndị Nazi. Ya mere ịzụ ụmụ laghachi omenala iche-iche, nke mere ka ọnọdụ na-achọghị na usoro mmụta.

Ụkpụrụ nke pedology

Development of pedology na Russia amịghịkwa ụfọdụ results, e hiwere ya bụ isi na nkà mmụta sayensị ụkpụrụ:

• Pedology - a holistic ihe ọmụma nke nwa. Site na nke a ọnọdụ, ọ na-atụle bụghị "piecemeal", na n'ozuzu, n'otu oge dị ka ihe e kere eke nke ndu, na-elekọta mmadụ, psychological, wdg All akụkụ nke ya ọmụmụ na-oyiri na nwere njikọ chiri anya na onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Ma nke a abụghị naanị a nwekwara ọtụtụ ihe data na mkpokọta nke ezi usoro iwu na usoro na ụzọ.
• Ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ pedologists mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa edumbet. Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ na-amụ ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ LS Vygotsky. Na atụ nke nwa egocentric okwu ( "okwu mwepu ụda"), o gosipụtara na sophomoric ma ọ bụ "atụgharị n'uche n'okpuru ya ume," bụ nke mbụ ogbo nke esịtidem okwu ma ọ bụ echiche mmadụ. Genetic ụkpụrụ egosi njupụta nke onu.
• The atọ ụkpụrụ - ọmụmụ nke nwata - iji gosi na-elekọta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi na ndụ ukwuu emetụta psychological mmepe nke nwa na anthropomorphic. Ya mere, na-eleghara anya ma ọ bụ isi nke akwụkwọ, erighị emetụta uche na n'ahụ ike nke nwa.
• The anọ ụkpụrụ bụ ndị bara uru nke pedology - mgbanwe site ụwa nke nwa na-amụta ịgbanwe ya. A na njikọ ya na e kere pedological alo, nkwurịta na nne na nna, psychological nchoputa nke ụmụ.

Pedology - a mgbagwoju sayensị, otú ya ụkpụrụ na-dabere na a sara mbara na-amụ nwa. Psychology na pedology ogologo e kwuru na onye ọ bụla ọzọ, nke ugboro abụọ mmepụta nke mbụ okwu. Ya mere, isi na pedology ka na-eje ozi na psychological akụkụ.

Ebe ọ bụ na 50s echiche nke ikpe pedology malitere ịlaghachi na pedagogy na akparamaagwa. Na afọ 20 gasịrị ọ malitere ifịk ọrụ izi iji ule na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi mmepe nke ụmụ.