Pent ụlọ na aka ya na nzọụkwụ. Ngwa pent ụlọ

Pent ụlọ - otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu ụdị nke n'elu ụlọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị a na aghụghọ nwere ike hụrụ na ụdị nile nke outbuildings - amụkwasị, na-adọba ụgbọala, saunas, wdg Mgbe ụfọdụ, nke a emee roofing na residential ụlọ. Kpọmkwem otú ọ na-n'ịnyịnya dabere na- ụlọ na aka ya, nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ anya mgbe e mesịrị na isiokwu a.

Gịnị ihe na-mkpa

ọ ga-adị mkpa ka ndị na-ewu a pent ụlọ ịzụta na-esonụ:

Ke adianade do, dị gị mkpa na-esonụ ngwaọrụ:

• Sikruuokwomoto na a hama.
• Roofing onwe-na ịme ọpịpị kposara na mbọ.
• Power hụrụ.

ụlọ imewe

Olee otú wuru dị otú ahụ a Ọdịdị, dị ka a dabere na-ụlọ, na ya aka? Nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ-ele ya anya n'okpuru ebe a. N'ezie, tupu amalite ọrụ ọ bụla, ị ga-hoo haa na-eme na oru ngo ma na-abịaru a esereese. Mgbe a na ogbo họrọ n'akuku nke mkpọda na anamde niile dị mkpa calculations.

The mbụ akụrụngwa na-adabere ọtụtụ ihe. Nke a ifufe na snow ibu, nke ga-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara. Na ngụkọta oge ka na iji pụrụ iche kaadị. Drawings nke ụlọ bụ a amanyere bụ iwu n'okpuru ndokwa nke ụkpụrụ kwa.

Ọzọkwa, tilt n'akuku-adabere na roofing ihe onwunwe. N'oge, ndị kasị ewu ewu ụdị anụ bụ a ígwè mpempe akwụkwọ, akpan akpan, ya variant dị ka metal. Anyị ga-atụlekwa usoro nke echichi nke a karịsịa ihe onwunwe. Mgbe na-eji nke kacha nta n'akuku nke nchepụta nke a pent ụlọ kwesịrị 14 degrees.

pent ụlọ imewe ga-gaa na akaụntụ dị oke: na chọrọ ego nke roofing ihe onwunwe. Ịmụta otú ịmụta ihe, otú ihe ị chọrọ ịzụta mpempe akwụkwọ metal, na-akọwa n'okpuru.

Pent ụlọ truss usoro

Ngwa pent n'elu ụlọ, akpan akpan ya n'elu ụlọ usoro, dị iche iche constructive mfe. Na etiti nke dị otú ahụ a n'elu ụlọ mejupụtara ndị na-esonụ ihe:

• Mauerlat. Ya mere a na-akpọ oké osisi, a na-tọrọ tinyere mgbidi na-arụ nkwado maka ntụhie ya.
• Ntụhie ya. Nke a bụ isi mmewere nke ụlọ. Akwado n'okpuru crate.
• Nkwado ụkwụ. A pent ụlọ onu kwesịrị elu karịa ndị ọzọ. Iji mezuo nke a, ọ na-eji ma ọ bụ a oké mmanya, ma ọ bụ nkwado ogidi. Mgbe ihe ji obosara nke karịa 4.5 m na-setịpụrụ n'etiti ogbe.
• Jib. Ke edinam na jikọrọ abụọ abụọ obosara nke karịa 6 mita, n'ihu ike strut jib (na 45 degrees). Ọ bụrụ na anya n'etiti nkwado mgbidi karịa 9 m, abụọ jib n'ịnyịnya na abụọ.

Ngụkọta oge nke ụlọ usoro

Ọ bụ ya na ya na-amalite gbakọọ a pent ụlọ. Ọ na-eji trigonometric ọrụ. Na ogologo nke ntụhie ya, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ndị dị ka ndị: C = A / cos a, ebe C - ntụhie n'ogologo, A - obosara nke Itie, na - n'akuku nke nchepụta nke ramp. Iji a na ọnụ ọgụgụ ga-atụkwasịkwara 50 m overhang ledges.

Ngụkọta oge nke roofing ihe onwunwe

Ọzọ, ka anyị lee anya otú iji chọpụta ihe maka ụlọ. Gbakọọ chọrọ ego nke metal snap. Iji mee nke a, ị na mbụ chọrọ ịhụ ebe nke mkpọda site amụba ogologo nke ntụhie na ogologo nke cornice. Ọzọ, na-enwetara N'ihi na-agbakwunyere 4 cm overhang. A ogologo pent ụlọ na-efu onye mpempe akwụkwọ. Ọ bụrụ na ndị ramp bụ nnọọ ogologo, ị ga-mkpa n'ime akaụntụ nwekwara obosara nke yitewere. Maka ọkọlọtọ n'elu ụlọ na ọchịchọ nke banyere 35 degrees, a oke bụ a 15 cm. The obosara nke vetikal overlaps n'etiti Ibé akwụkwọ bụ n'ozuzu na nso nke 20 cm. Nke a bụ kacha nta uru. Na-mma, na yitewere nwere ike wider.

echichi mauerlat

Tụlee echichi nke a Ọdịdị dị ka dabere na-ụlọ, ji aka ya (nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ). Assembly nke ụlọ usoro amalite na nwụnye mauerlat. N'ihi na a pent ụlọ arịọnụ na-kwere na Ogwe abụọ na-abụghị n'akụkụ nke na-adịru. Ọ bụrụ na mgbidi nke ụlọ nke monolithic ihe, na ha erection n'elu nke arịlịka bolts ga jupụta na increments nke 50 cm. N'otu ụzọ na-abịa ma ọ bụrụ na mgbidi na-mere nke gas ma ọ bụ ụfụfụ. Dị ka iwu si, mgbe ha na-tọrọ n'elu nke na-ewu na-eme ndokwa a monolithic ihe belt. N'ihi brick ewu mauerlat kacha ụzọ idozi waya-mkpanaka, ya n'ọnụ mmiri kpọmkwem n'ime masonry na atọ e nyere ahịrị na top.

Na omume na e ji ndị arịlịka mmanya na-akpọlite mbụ na mgbidi, tukwasi ha. Ọzọkwa, ọ ga-abụ ubé oyo akpata oyi n'ahụ. N'ihi ya, na ya na underside ịnọgide metụtara nke arịlịka. Na n'ebe ndị a, na gbapuru oghere. Ọzọ, mkpa ka ị ọzọ na-etinye mmanya na mgbidi na ntukwasi-obi eriri akụ na nnukwu washers.

Echichi nke racks n'okpuru ntụhie

N'ezie, naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ezi nzukọ truss usoro iji nweta a pụrụ ịdabere na inogide ụlọ. (Ị pụrụ ịhụ n'okpuru foto nke yiri imewe)-eme ka ọ dị nnọọ ekwe omume na-aka ha. The mbụ set anọchi ná ntụhie ya. Akpa, itinye ọcha nke mauerlat na mgbidi n'elu nke ga-kasị elu mgbe ndị ramp. Mgbe ahụ efego ogbe na n'etiti mgbidi. Tupu ha ahụ n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka ndị mauerlat, nọrọ ná nchebe na osisi Lejeune. The anya n'etiti ntụhie bụ a 80 cm. N'ihe mgbe ụlọ a na-wuru n'elu saa ma ọ bụ ndị bi n'ụlọ ahụ, na ekemende eburu ya mkpuchi, ọ kacha mma ma ọ bụrụ na pitch n'agbata ụkwụ bụ hà obosara nke ahọrọ okpomọkụ.

Nọrọ ná nchebe na ogbe ka mauerlat na sleepers kpaliri akuku. Ọzọkwa na-akwado jib n'ịnyịnya mgbe ọ dị mkpa. Na-eme ka ha nke ibé thinner karịa strut na mmasị site mbọ nso n'ime ohere nke n'uko n'ọdịnihu.

echichi nke ntụhie

Oke oke ntụhie ka a Ọdịdị dị ka dabere-na ụlọ sheeting, ọ dịghị mkpa ka ndokwa. The ihe onwunwe bụ nnọọ ìhè, na ọ na-adịghị bufee nkwado. Site mauerlat ntụhie nwekwara ike n'elu nkuku. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a ọnụ nke atọ mbọ, otu onye nke a na-chụpụrụ ekwesị on top, na ndị ọzọ na abụọ - n'akụkụ na n'akuku. ogbe n'elu n'elu nke mbụ ya. Na ntụhie n'okpuru ọ dị mkpa bee oghere. Arịọnụ a rụrụ na mbọ.

Ntụhie pent ụlọ tupu-ga-abụrụ jupụta na antiseptik. Nke a ga-ukwuu ịgbatị ndụ nke ụlọ. Onye ọ bụla, ọbụna ihe ndị kasị pụrụ ịdabere na roofing ihe onwunwe site n'oge ruo n'oge enye leakage. Ọ dara n'ime ndị na-akpọ roofing achịcha mmiri akpata rere ere nke osisi.

waterproofing

Ngwa pent ụlọ dị ka roofing na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ Ọdịdị, bụchaghị gụnyere echichi nke waterproofing ihe onwunwe. Ibe nke plastic film na-n'ịnyịnya na a kwụ direction. Vnatyag ọ na-apụghị ịgwọta agwọta. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na ihe ọ bụla e ji osisi Ọdịdị emecha ewezụga a bit. Ke adianade do, a siri ike ifufe nwere ike ịbụ obere ewu ọganihu. N'ihi ya, ihe nkiri pụrụ nanị agbaji. Ukwuu slack adịghị mkpa nakwa.

Gbakwunye film ozugbo na ntụhie na Ogwe 50 * 50 mm. Ọzọ, n'elu ha n'ịnyịnya kwụ furring. The pitch n'etiti onye ọcha na nke a ga-hà ka obosara nke metal ebili mmiri. Crate kpọgidere ya galvanized mbọ.

Ngwa eaves gọta usoro na eriri

Na nzọụkwụ ọzọ a roofing ihe onwunwe na-n'ịnyịnya ụlọ. Ọ bụrụ na ngo na-enye mmiri drainage usoro, mbụ ị mkpa iji wụnye na gọta. The anya n'etiti arịọnụ ọcha na-adabere na ụdị drainage chepụtara. Ọzọ, ị mkpa ndozi na nsọtụ nke ramp na ala battens (n'elu na gọta brackets) Cornice warara. Dokwaa ya na mbọ ma ọ bụ kposara na a pitch nke 30 cm. The yitewere n'etiti akụkụ nke slats kwesịrị dịkarịa ala 10 cm.

echichi nke metal

Next gaba kpọgide mpempe akwụkwọ. Drawings n'elu ụlọ na a ná mkpọda karịsịa mgbagwoju adịghị iche na. Kpuchie dị otú ahụ rụrụ na metal pụrụ ịbụ nnọọ ngwa ngwa. Na-amalite na-arụ ọrụ site na njedebe nke ramp. The mbụ mpempe akwụkwọ na-kwekọọ na ugwu nke mere na bụ obere overhang, na idozi ya na riiji na otu ịghasa. Ọzọkwa azụ n'elu ụlọ nke abụọ mpempe akwụkwọ, ọ na-kwekọọ, tinyere ala na o sie mbụ na riiji kposara site otu ife. Gwara otú multiple Ibé akwụkwọ, trimmed ha ọzọ na itinye na crate. Na-eme ya na-site kposara na ala nke mmiri na ebili mmiri site na otu.

Ịhazi ndị dị otú ahụ a Ọdịdị, dị ka pent n'elu ụlọ nke corrugated osisi, i kwesịrị ime ihe ụfọdụ iwu. Nke a ga-egbochi mmebi nke top oyi akwa nke polima Ibé akwụkwọ na belata ha lifespan. Akpa, na ọnwụ nke ihe a ga-eme na na metal mkpa. Grinder n'ihi nzube a ike ga-eji. Nke abụọ, ị chọrọ ka na-eje ije n'elu ụlọ ke adụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ. Store Ibé akwụkwọ kwesịrị bụghị kwa elu stacks, ọkacha mma n'ime ụlọ.

echichi nke mkpuchi

Ya mere, anyị na-na-na gị niile nkọwa achọpụtabeghị esi mee ka a pent ụlọ. Na ikpe, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị pent ụlọ e wuru n'elu ụlọ na n'ọdịnihu anyị na-eme atụmatụ na-eme ndokwa n'okpuru n'uko, ọ na-, n'ezie, ga-mkpa ikpuchi. Akacha eji maka mkpuchi nke ịnweta owu. Polystyrene ụfụfụ - ihe a dịkwa mma. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-efu a obere ọzọ dị oké ọnụ. Ke adianade do, ọ na-apụghị ga-eji na ndị ụlọ bụ ebe e nwere a òké. The eziokwu na òké ife prodelyvat na ụfụfụ ihe Nkea na ndokwa ha na a onu. Oke na-na suburban obibi - onu bụ nnọọ juru ebe nile.

Mgbe mkpuchi na-aghọ nnọọ ihe mara mma n'ime ụlọ na aka ya (foto egosi nke a). Ya mere, n'okpuru anyị na-atụle kpọmkwem na usoro a. Ntụhie ya, ma ọ bụrụ na a na-emeghị n'ime nzukọ, jide n'aka na-aka ndị antifungal na-enwekwu ndị refractory Njirimara nke osisi Ọdịdị.

Ọzọkwa therebetween anya ịtọ ịnweta ajị slabs. Ka ha wee ghara ịda si mmasị ramp, ha na-ofu ot waya, inyịme ya si ntụhie na ntụhie.

Alụlụụ mgbochi a na finishing lining n'uko

Mgbe echichi nke mkpuchi na-amalite efego paroizolyatora. Ya iji - a dị mkpa usoro. The eziokwu na ọ bụ n'okpuru ụlọ nakọtara ndị isi ego nke uzuoku na ghọọ mmanụ residential ụlọ. Ọ bụrụ na a Alụlụụ mgbochi na-adịghị arụnyere, mmiri malitere idozi na na mkpuchi. Na nke a, n'ezie, adi belata ya egbochi ihe Njirimara.

Olee otú ime ka a pent ụlọ na-ekpo ọkụ? Ọ dị mkpa ka na-ahọrọ nri paroizolyator. Obtyanut aghụghọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe atụ, polyethylene. Otú ọ dị, n'oge anyị, n'ihi na nke ahụ pụrụ iche ihe na-eji ihe mgbe mgbe. Na otu aka ha nwere a foil oyi akwa. Na attics, kpuchie na ndị dị otú a ihe onwunwe, ọ dị mma na-edebe okpomọkụ. Paroizolyator kwesịrị idozi foil n'akụkụ kwupụta ụlọ. Dị ka a waterproof film, itinye ya ka Ogwe nke a obere ngalaba. Nke a nwere ike n'ihu ndokwa ventilashion ọdịiche site na nke dịrị gaba n'ime ebe a ga-ikuku ihicha paroizolyator.

Na ikpeazụ ogbo na Ogwe na-n'ịnyịnya mma n'isi. Ọtụtụ mgbe na-eji maka ekpuchi attics ọnụ plywood. Modern iche ọ na anya nnọọ ezigbo. N'uko, ntekwasa na a ihe onwunwe, ọ na anya mara mma. Ị na-adịghị ọbụna mkpa iji ọzọ imewe - akwụkwọ ahụaja, sere, wdg Mgbe ụfọdụ n'uko mkpụbelata lining, blockhouse ma ọ bụ plasterboard. Ọ bụrụ na i chọrọ, ka ụzarị na plaster. Otú ọ dị, mara na a nhọrọ adịghị mma. Stucco bụ nnọọ arọ truss usoro. Ke adianade do, na nwetụrụ ehi ehi ọ ga-amalite ada oyi iberibe.

Ya mere, anyị na-ewere dị ka n'ịnyịnya otu-pitch ụlọ na aka ya, nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ. Olileanya ugbu a na i nwere ihe ma ọ bụ na-erughị doro anya otú ka ntụhie usoro, ime ka casing na ikpuchi ihe n'uko. Ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi, ịgbaso niile ndokwa nke technology, na i nwere a pụrụ ịdabere na ezigbo ụlọ nke ga-adịru ihe karịrị otu afọ iri.