Pita Baroque. Njirimara Baroque

St. Petersburg, na-ewere otu nke ntà nke obodo ukwu nke ụwa, bụ a pụrụ nnọọ iche njikọ nke na aesthetic na ọnọdụ n'oge ochie na Western na Russian omenala. Ọkachamara na-ekwu na ya nka style e buru ụzọ ọdịnaya nke oge nke ya si malite. Mgbe niile, ndị obodo na e kere n'oge iri na asaa na narị afọ, nke ike-emetụta ọdịdị ya.

Wuru irresistible uche nke otu nwoke - Petra Velikogo, ọ etinye obi gị dum niile di iche iche nke European ije. Ụdị Ya e kere uche nke ikpeazụ Russian Tsar n'okpuru nduzi nke Frantsa Leforta na Vinius - Dutch ego, bụ onye nwere a nnukwu collection of osise na Mbipụta. Ha na-European na, akpan akpan, na-Dutch obodo na nke ọtụtụ gosiri n'ụzọ doro anya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ije nke narị afọ nke 17 na-e sere.

Njirimara Baroque

Nke a ije, nke Fans nke oge gboo ije ruo ogologo oge na-hụrụ dị ka otu nọọrọ onwe ha, pụtara na Europe na uzo nke mbubreyo Renaissance. Ọ dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na ya n'ihu na mmepe. Ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, a style of ije nwere ike na-akpọ ka ha laghachi na nkà ihe ọmụma. Ya isi e ji mara ndị okwu na ike. na rịgoro nke echiche na Ihọd na-emejuputa atumatu na architects nke oge, na-eme ihe owuwu bụ mara mma nke ukwuu ma ọgaranya nkà nkọwa. Method nke dị iche iche na-akpali ụzọ ha kere a n'ezie echiche efu ewu.

ozi izugbe

"Pita Baroque" - a okwu e ji site akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkà na ụkpụrụ ụlọ style, mma site Peter Ukwu ahụ. Ọ na ọtụtụ-eji maka imewe nke ụlọ ke ahụ isi obodo - St. Petersburg.

Na afọ 1697-1698, Peter Ukwu gara Embassy nke Netherlands, karịsịa Amsterdam. Obodo a bụ karịsịa ụtọ nke onye eze ukwu na ya siri ike radially-zubere n'okporo ámá, concentric edoghi na ọwa. Amsterdam facades warara elu ọgwụgwụ steepụ zita gables, elu ma ọ bụ gburugburu n'elu ụlọ. Traditional Dutch ije narị afọ nke 17 e ji eji dị otú ahụ ji achọ gburu iji ọcha, dị ka window okpokolo agba, cornices, pilasters, volutes portals. Nke a mere ka ike mara na festive, jikọtara na a obi umeala azụmahịa na oyiyi nke obodo.

Pita nọ na-ekwe echiche na Russia pụrụ isonyere ndị mepere anya Western mba, na-esonụ na European ụzọ, ọ bụghị nanị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma ọ bụ nke akụ na ụba, ma n'ụzọ dị ukwuu omenala development. Ma nke ahụ bụ ihe mere a kpọrọ ya na-arụ ọrụ ọhụrụ ya isi obodo nke ọtụtụ ama architects, na-akpụ ihe na-ese.

Petrovsky Maniram

Ọbụna aha doro anya na ha dị ná mba anyị, a dị ịtụnanya style na iwu ji ya mbụ Russian eze ukwu. Pita Baroque bụ a ngwakọta nke Italian ebe nke otu aha na n'oge French classicism na Rococo. Onye ọ bụla-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, bụ ndị a kpọrọ St. Petersburg, bụ omenala nke ya ụkpụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ ya mere Pita Baroque egosipụta bụghị doro anya nke oma na ọnọdụ nke oge.

Peter oké ọchịchọ na-atụgharị obodo ha n'ime ihe ndị kasị mma na bụ ihe mere na n'oge ọchịchị ya ghọrọ a isi Baroque ụkpụrụ ụlọ direction. Kere na-ewu ụlọ a style, nke a na-akpọ Pita Maniram, na St. Petersburg maka ole na ole sochirinụ narị afọ kọwaa ije development.

atụmatụ

The mbụ Russian eze ukwu chọrọ pụọ na ọdịnala Byzantine ije. The oge nke guzobe nke direction dara na narị afọ nke 17. Baroque style of Peter otú dịtụ iche si ya European prototype. Mbụ ọ bụ - aririo, doo anya na mfe.

Otu n'ime ndị isi distinguishing atụmatụ na ya mara na Petrine Baroque ije - a abụọ na-ụda agba ụlọ: acha uhie uhie na-acha ọcha. Ọzọ mma - a planar nkọwa nke ihe ndozi.

The mbụ ụlọ ndị huts na St. Petersburg, nakwa dị ka osisi ụlọ, na ha owuwu yiri ọdịda anyanwụ ọkara osisi wuo. Ha choro plaster sere. Ya mere, ndị dị otú ahụ akụkụ, na ọbụna brickwork "na yitewere" pụrụ inye a ala tụrụ kpụrụ akụkụ ma ọ bụ moldings na pilasters na uzọ abua.

Description style

Pita Baroque e ji iji ihe ọcha nke kpochapụwo Tuscan ma ọ bụ na Kọrịnt, albeit a nnọọ ghọgbuo na ndị ọzọ kenchara nkọwa. More nkịtị ndị dị mfe Russian "pupụtara" na dochie pilasters na ogidi. Windows gosikwa profiled architraves - abụkarị ọcha na a red ndabere, na a mara ndim, ntị, iji na-ahụ n'elu nke capstone. The nkuku nke ụlọ ke Baroque style, na mgbe ụfọdụ, na akpa n'ala, mere rustication.

Nke a festive ma mara anya architects gbakwunyere ọtụtụ obere ụkpụrụ ụlọ nkọwa ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka frameworks, curls na balustrades. The ojiji nke niile projecting akụkụ nke a ụta ekara ma ọ bụ ọkara okirikiri pediments atụle amanyere bụ iwu. N'ihi ya, anya ọkaibe ma baa ọgaranya roofline.

Dokwara nkịtị bụ na echichi nke awụ na vases. On mkpọda nke architects arụnyere dormer. Ebe ọ bụ na elu nke ọtụtụ ụlọ enwetara a akụ na ụba nke ji achọ na ukwuu ọkaibe silhouette.

Baroque architects

Ọbụna tupu a tọọ ntọala nke St. Petersburg si Pita na ya nnọchiteanya gafee Europe malitere ịkpọ ndị mba ọzọ: architects, e wusiri ike, ndị injinia. Ke akpa adọ niile ụlọ n'obodo na-wuru na oru nke mba ọzọ architects onye bịara ije ozi na Russia. Na mbụ n'etiti ha bụ Domenico Trezzini wuru kasị ama ụlọ nke St. Petersburg, nke na-anọchi anya Petrine Baroque style. Photo Pita na Pọl Cathedral - doro anya na-egosi. Ya mgbịrịgba elu bụ a elu-elu isi Petersburg. Faceted gilded spire nke Katidral nke Ohere mepere keiwuba igwe ka megide-esetị squat edoghi Neva embankments.

Analọg katidral na Western ije ihe fọrọ nke nta onye ọ bụla. O kwuru ihe gosiri na ya na kpara akpa spire emi odude ke Exchange ụlọ ke Copenhagen, ndabere nke nke nwekwara ụgha Baroque style. Photos nke ikpeazụ, Otú ọ dị, bụ ihe ọzọ na ihe àmà nke eziokwu ahụ bụ na St. Petersburg steeple ubé dị iche iche: ma n'ihi na ya size na faceted udi.

N'ime ihe ndị mbụ architects onye kere Pita Baroque, iso, na mgbakwunye na nke Trezzini, na Jean-Baptiste Leblond na Schluter, na JM. Fontana na Michetti na Mattarnovi. All n'ime ha bịara Russia na òkù Peter. Onye ọ bụla-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-eweta ka ọdịdị nke ha ụlọ na-ewu na omenala, na-ahụkarị ya na obodo, ihe ndị bụ isi nke a akwụkwọ, nke e-anọchi anya. Aka-ebu ha oru ngo, nke nta nke nta mụtara omenala nke European Baroque na obodo architects dị ka Michael Zemtsov.

Iche site na Moscow Baroque

Pita Baroque-ahụkarị nke St. Petersburg. N'èzí ụlọ ndị a bụ nnọọ obere. Karịsịa, Menshikov Tower, wuru na Moscow na Tallinn si Kadriorg Obí.

N'adịghị ka direction Naryshkin na Moscow, Peter Onye Ukwu, ọkọnọ a nkọ ojuju nke Byzantine na omenala, adịkwaghị Russian ije nke fọrọ nke nta iri ọtụtụ narị afọ, ya e ji symmetry na itule. Mwepu nke mejupụtara center, iridescence na mgbochi na mma, arched na akụkụ anọ window oghere, ụlọ mpụga na a gbajiri - niile atụmatụ ndị a nke Baroque style, aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke mbụ eze ukwu, ghọrọ ihe e ji mara ọtụtụ ụlọ Peter.

ọwọrọiso ihe atụ

Taa, ndị njem nleta ndị na-abịa n'ebe ugwu isi obodo, nwere ohere ịghọta ọrụ atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ aka na-arụ ọrụ na oge. Petrine Baroque na-anọchi anya ebe a site na ọtụtụ ọma-mara ụlọ. Nke a bụ Pita na Pọl Cathedral, Alexander Nevsky Lavra, House iri na abụọ Colleges na okpomọkụ n'obí Peter m, Schluter Chamber, Menshikov Obí, Kunstkamera, nke na-arụ ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke multiple ndị mmadụ: Mattarnovi, Kiaveri na Zemtsov. Creation nke ikpeazụ bụkwa Church of Simeon na Anna.

On Vasilevsky Island ihe atụ ọzọ nke a ụlọ ke Baroque - akpa akwa n'obí ke St. Petersburg. Ọ bụ ebe obibi ndị Gọvanọ-General na kwadoro oriri na gafere Assembly. Dị ka a ihe atụ nke a ọgaranya n'obí, na-ahapụ isi facade nke mkpọda, Ọdịdị na-anọchitekwa anya na Petrine Baroque.

Iri na abụọ Colleges ụlọ

Nso bụ ihe ọzọ na ncheta wuru na a ụkpụrụ ụlọ style. Nke a House iri na abụọ Colleges. Architect Trezzini bụ nnọọ mbụ ụzọ dozie nsogbu jụrụ site Peter. Nke a ụlọ ke Baroque style, nke bụ a iri na abụọ yiri ụlọ mere ndokwa na a akara na-esote onye ọ bụla ọzọ, site a nkịtị korido, ndinyanade mbịne maka na narị atọ na iri asatọ mita. Onye ọ bụla akụkụ nwere a iche iche ụlọ. Na nke a, n'ụzọ nkịtị breathtaking cascade nke ugboro ugboro gables na ntule na facade, pilasters na architraves na a jupụta acha uhie uhie ọcha facade enye Ọdịdị a ebube echiche.

odida obodo ije

Akụkụ nke Baroque nwere ike hụrụ bụghị naanị na ụlọ na oge ahụ. Ọ dịghị obere na-akpali bụ obí eze na ogige ntụrụndụ. Nke a, ka ihe atụ, ka mmadụ niile mara na Summer Garden, nke tọrọ si na a pụrụ iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Peter; Peterhof ensemble, dabeere na nke, dị ka ndị ọkachamara, bụ amụta nke mbụ Russian eze ukwu si ya na-eleta Versailles. Taa ha bụ ndị ezi ịrịba ncheta nke odida obodo ije.

Summer Garden bụ ịgbalị a eze a nnukwu park "ihe iwuli." O nwere a isi-iyi na ịbara na gburugburu nke Aesop si akụkọ ifo, na arụnyere na a pụrụ iche gallery n'oge gwupụtara na Rome na oké ihe isi ike mere ka Russia oyiyi nke Venus - Rom oge ochie marble oyiri nke a Gris mbụ. Garden ọbịa, na-enweghị isịneke, nwere susuo oyi marble nke na-ekpere arụsị chi nwaanyị. Ọzọ awụ na busts awụnyebeghị tinyere alleys, nakwa dị ka "na Versailles."

okpomọkụ Obí

Nke a na-egbuke egbuke nnọchiteanya nke Petrine Baroque obere na nnọọ mfe na okwu nke layout. Ọ bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu-agbanwe agbanwe na ya ọrụ - ndokwa nke ohere ezinụlọ eze ezumike.

Ụfọdụ ndị na-akpọ nke a ncheta Peter Onye Ukwu Baroque style ruru ya obere size, "mbụ Russian obi." Dị ka ma-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na mmebe, D.Trezini eduzi ndị na-ewu ulo n'oge dum afọ anọ. The Bas-tụrụ na-abụghị mere site akụkọ ifo isiokwu. Ebumnuche bụ Trezzini perpetuation nke mmeri na Northern War. Tupu ya dịkọrọ ndụ na bịara zuru okè Chebere pịrị oak na ukpa ese ịchọ mma n'ime ime na n'uko eserese.

Ná mmechi

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ọ na-atụle abụchaghị ihe aha ya, Pita Baroque ya ụzọ pụrụ iche. Na niile doro anya na anya agbaziri, a style na-eweta a ọtụtụ àgwà. Ọzọkwa, ụlọ nke oge adịghị analogues na ụwa, ha na-mbụ. The facades nke ụlọ, ọ bụ ezie na dịtụ mfe, ma n'otu oge ahụ mara na nnọọ nnọchiteanya. Ha adịghị enwe keukwu na arọ ọla, na okwu ahụ ruru kacha nta nkọwa.