Pneumothorax: Mgbaàmà, akpatara na Ọgwụgwọ

Enweghị nchịkwa ọnọdụ nke pleural oghere (nchawa ekara mbara n'etiti parietal na visceral pleura gburugburu ọ bụla akpa ume) accumulates ikuku ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ gas mixtures a maara dị ka pneumothorax. Mgbaàmà, na-akpata na ọgwụgwọ nke a ọnọdụ, atụle n'isiokwu.

Isi

Maka pleural oghere na nkịtị ala ji a-adịghị mma nsogbu, nke a na-enye ihe zuru ezu na-eku ume usoro. Ọ bụrụ na Ibé akwụkwọ na-mebiri emebi pleura (e.g., dị ka a N'ihi nke ọdịiche region nke akpa ume ma ọ bụ bronchus) na afiak okpu nditọ na pleural oghere ikuku na-equalized ka ikuku ma ọ bụ karịa ya. The ikuku nke penetrated n'ime ndị pleural oghere na-eduga ná mkpakọ nke akpa ume, ọ na-akpalite spadenie na anya n'ebe iku ume. Na a nnukwu olu nke ikuku na-emebibeghị ìhè, ọ bụkwa n'okpuru ike nsogbu, na mgbakwunye na nke a, e nwere a mgbanwe nke mediastinal akụkụ (nnukwu arịa nke obi). All a ukwuu ichegbu na ọbara na respiration.

Pneumothorax: ọrịa mgbaàmà

The ọrịa a na-egosipụta site na-esonụ atụmatụ:

• Na mberede na-ewere ọnọdụ obi mgbu - nnukwu, na-amụba n'oge n'ike mmụọ nsọ. Na-egbu mgbu sensations nwere ike igbasa ofufe otụk n'akụkụ.

• Na mberede na-emepe emepe dyspnea - mkpụmkpụ nke ume, ngwa ngwa na-emighị emi iku ume.

• Akọrọ ụkwara.

• Quickening nke obi ọnụego.

• Ọdịdị nke anụ na a oyi ajirija.

• General adịghị ike.

• A uche nke egwu.

• Cyanosis nke anụ (ma ọ bụrụ na isi mgbasa ma na respiration akpọ).

forms nke ọrịa

• Open pneumothorax. Mgbaàmà nke ọnọdụ a na-: penetrated n'ime pleural oghere nke elu-igwe site na mebiri emebi nnukwu bronchi ma ọ bụ ọnya nke obi agwa gburugburu ebe obibi n'oge inhalation ikuku abatakwa pleural oghere ma na-aga azụ ka oge nke ngafe. Nrụgide na pleural oghere tụnyere ihere, nke na-akpalite atelectasis na anya nke ya respiration.

• Mechiri emechi pneumothorax amalite na ikuku penetration n'ime pleural oghere ruru ka a ntụpọ nke pleura. N'etiti pleural oghere na gburugburu ebe obibi e nweghị ozi, na tọrọ atọ ikuku na olu anaghị mụbaa. mechiri emechi pneumothorax bụ mfe maka a na-adakarị ele ihe anya. Ikuku na a obere ego nwere ike igbari onwe ha. Ọ bụrụ na e nwere a mechiri emechi pneumothorax, mgbaàmà na nke a, ndị na-esonụ: mgbu si mebiri emebi n'akụkụ nke obi, icha mmirimmiri anụ ahụ, iku ume ọkụ ọkụ.

• Voltaji (valvụ) pneumothorax. Nke a na ụdị daa ọrịa hardest. Mgbaàmà valvụ pneumothorax - a n'usoro na ndị ọnya na mmebi nnukwu bronchi nkezi uru nke valvụ Ọdịdị na-ahapụ ikuku n'ime pleural oghere n'oge n'ike mmụọ nsọ na-egbochi ya ụzọ ọpụpụ n'èzí gburugburu ebe obibi. Olu nke ikuku na pleural oghere mgbe na-eto eto. Nke a na-akpalite Ndahie na mkpakọ nke mediastinal akụkụ na oké njọ ọrịa ọbara ekesa na respiration.

Pneumothorax: akpatara ọrịa

Dabere na-akpata ọrịa mata a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke umu.

n'amaghi pneumothorax

Mgbaàmà nke a daa ọrịa mere site-agbawa ibe bronchus ma ọ bụ akpa ume nke na-adịghị metụtara a n'ibu mmebi nke ǹgụ ma ọ bụ akpa ume. Spontaneous pneumothorax nwere ike ịbụ:

1. Primary (mgbawa) ịda n'ihi na ọ dịghị ihe doro anya kpatara. Bụ ndị na-enwekarị ndị dị otú ahụ a na steeti nke ụmụ okorobịa 20-40 afọ nke elu ibu. daa ọrịa na-amalite dị ka a n'ihi nke:

• genetically mere erughi nke enzyme Alfa-1-antitrypsin, na akpasu enweghị nchịkwa mgbanwe akpa ume;

• congenital adịghị ike nke pleura, nke nwere ike mfe-ewe ezigbo ọchị, ike ụkwara, ufiop mmega ahụ, miri ume;

• esi mgbali dapụtara miri imikpu n'ime mmiri, mmiri ụgbọ elu na ihe ụgbọelu.

2. Secondary (symptomatic), mgbe ndabere nke ugbua ẹdude akpa ume ọrịa amalite n'amaghi pneumothorax. Mgbaàmà eme n'ihi na nke:

• akụkụ okuku ume na ọrịa, n'ihi na ihe atụ, o nwere ike ịbụ-adịghị ala ala okpo ọrịa akpa ume (adịghị ala ala mkpali ọrịa nke akụkụ okuku ume na usoro, nke na-amalite n'okpuru nduzi nke dị iche iche na gburugburu ebe obibi ihe, ndị bụ isi - bụ ise siga, akpali iche na mmepe nke-adịghị ala ala akụkụ okuku ume na odida), cystic fibrosis (ihe ketara ọrịa nke ji emeghasịkwa nke exocrine glands), oké exacerbation nke ụkwara ume ọkụ;

• na-efe efe nke akpa ume, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ụkwara nta (na-efe efe na ọrịa mere site mycobacteria), akpa ume etuto (ejedebeghị Baịbụl hiwere isi n'ebe mbufụt nke akpa ume anụ ahụ, nke e ji agbaze nke akpa ume anụ ahụ na oghere guzobere jupụtara purulent ọdịnaya), inflammations nke akpa ume (oyi baa) megide HIV;

• akpa ume ọrịa ji ọnya nke connective anụ ahụ fibrosing alveolitis, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, sarcoidosis, histiocytosis X;

• systemic pathologies nke connective anụ ahụ na akpa ume ọrịa: systemic scleroderma, ọrịa ogbu ogbu na nkwonkwo, dermatomyositis;

• etuto ahụ (cancer akpa ume).

traumatopnea

Ihe mere nke a onu - nke a bụ mmebi nke obi:

• masịrị trauma;

• abami ọnya.

iatrogenic pneumothorax

Nke a daa ọrịa bụ n'ihi nke ụfọdụ usoro ọgwụgwọ:

• pleural ma ọ bụ akpa ume biopsy;

• ịmapusị;

• Dabara Adaba subclavian catheter;

• n'ibu ventilashion.

nchọpụta nsogbu

Iji mee ka a nchoputa "pneumothorax" ọrịa mgbaàmà ga-nlezianya mụọ site otu ọkachamara na ahụ ike na ule. Diagnosis agụnye ndị na-esonụ na-eme:

• Ndidi ule: auscultation (auscultation) nkuume ule ǹgụ.

• Obi radiography, site na nke ọ bụ na o kwere omume ịchọpụta ikuku na pleural ebe. The usoro bụ isi usoro nke Ịchọpụta Otú Nsogbu pneumothorax.

• Blood gas mejupụtara.

• Agbakọrọ tomography, nke-enye gị ohere ime ka a mata ndị na-akpata nke abụọ n'amaghi pneumothorax. Nke a na-achọpụta ọrịa usoro a na-eji mgbe ndị X-ụzarị na-adịghị zuru ezu ihe ọmụma.

• Electrocardiography, eji nke ọ bụ ike ịchọpụta ihe nhata na obi nke valvụ (ọrụ n'aka) pneumothorax.

• Alo thoracic dọkịta na-awa.

mberede

Ị mara otú ọ ga-enye mbụ enyemaka n'ihi na nke a enweghị nchịkwa ọnọdụ, dị ka pneumothorax. Mgbaàmà nke ọ ga-abụ a mgbaàmà ahụike mberede edinam. Onye ọrịa bụ nke mbụ dị mkpa iji hụ free ohere nke oxygen ka obi dajụọ ya na-akpọ onye dọkịta ozugbo.

N'èzí pneumothorax agụnye imposition nke occlusive dressings, nke sealingly emechi mebiri emebi òkè nke obi mgbidi. Bandeeji nke na-agaghị agabiga ikuku, nwere ike mere nke polyethylene ma ọ bụ cellophane na a oké oyi akwa nke owu-fere fere.

Mgbe valvụ pneumothorax achọ ozugbo nketa nke pleural mgbapu, nke ga-aka agbasa akpa ume, kwụsị free gas na gbochie Ndahie nke mediastinal akụkụ.

Jikoro mbuso daa ọrịa

Ọ bụrụ na chọpụtara na pneumothorax, ọgwụgwọ na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ na-eme:

• Pleural needling, na nke mmiri ikuku si pleural oghere.

• Ịwa suturing bronchial discontinuities, akpa ume, obi mgbidi unan.

• Agwụ na pleural oghere na oruru nke a drainage tube site na nke mwepụ nke ikuku si pleural oghere ga-eme.

• Ọ bụrụ na ihe mgbu akpọ ndị dị otú ahụ pathologies ka pneumothorax, ọgwụgwọ nwere ike na-agụnye iji ihe ọgwụ na-akụnwụ.

• Oxygen (na-aga n'ihu oxygen ọkọnọ usoro site pụrụ iche akpa).

• Pleurodesis - anọ na usoro pleura iji ịwa ahụ ma ọ bụ ọgwụ n'ime pleural oghere nke pụrụ iche ọgwụ (ma ọ bụrụ na ugboro ugboro ugboro ugboro pneumothorax).

Nsogbu na ya pụta

Pneumothorax - a oké njọ ọnọdụ ndị pụrụ ime ka:

• Intrapleural ọbara ọgbụgba.

• Pleurisy - mbufụt nke pleura, nke e ji guzobe adhesions, nākpasu disturbances mkpughe ìhè.

• Subcutaneous emphysema - a onu na nke ikuku ndibọhọ n'ime subcutaneous abụba. Kpebisie ike na ala nke akụkụ nke ọzịza, ọzịza nke subcutaneous anụ ahụ: mgbe ị pịa na ha, e nwere a pụrụ iche ụda, yiri crunch nke akọrọ snow.

• Air abanye mediastinal anụ ahụ. Na nke a, e nwere mkpakọ nke oké arịa na obi.

• Na oké ikpe (na a nnukwu lesion olu, budata abami ọnyá nke obi) na-adịghị chịrị si ọnwụ.

mgbochi

Iji gbochie pneumothorax, kwesịrị rube isi iwu ụfọdụ:

• Oge na-emeso akpa ume ọrịa.

• Ise sịga.

• Zere obi unan.

• Ọ bụrụ na pneumothorax eme ezi mgbe, ọ bụ ihe amamihe na-ebu pleurodesis usoro (onuete pleura).

ọgwụgwụ

N'isiokwu a, anyị tụlere otú ahụ ọrịa dị ka pneumothorax. Mgbaàmà, na-akpata na ọgwụgwọ ụkpụrụ nke daa ọrịa na-enyocha anyị. Na nke ọ bụla pneumothorax achọ ozugbo ụlọ ọgwụ nke ime n'ịwa ahụ. Na ezigbo oge a ọgwụ prognosis nke n'amaghi pneumothorax bụ na-emekarị mma. Ịga nke ọma nke ọgwụgwọ nke traumatic pneumothorax emetụta ọdịdị nke ihe nnochianya mmebi nke obi. -Elekọta onwe gị na-anọ mma!