Russian rọketi engines Rd-180: nkọwa

Russian Rd-180 rọketi engines bụ "apple nke iseokwu na" n'etiti abụọ US na ụlọ ọrụ United Launch Alliance (ULA) na-ama orbital Sciences. The mbụ na-eme ka ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịzụta a abụọ engine maka ya akụ ụta Antares.

Nsogbu nke Titans

All kpatara bụ òkè nke orbital Sciences ọha na eze ị nweta ntinye ikwe ọnụ. ULA iwu na-akwadoghị emetụtakarị asọmpi ịzụta engines Rd-180 na abụọ ụlọ ọrụ. Ọ bụ ngo Rd Amross - SPNPO "Energomash" - na American ogbugbo Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne. The mbụ na-arụpụta ihe ndị ha chọrọ mmiri mmiri rọketi engine Rd-180. The ọzọ na-ezuru mmiri na United States.
The naanị mmiri mmiri engine Rd-180 kasị mma ruru eru maka US ọchịchị mara ọkwa obi ịzụrụ. Dị ka ndị ọkachamara, ndị e ji mara ndị a mmiri bụ ezigbo maka arọ ụgbọelu Tammy na NASA chọrọ.

Gịnị bụ rọketi engine Rd-180

Rd-180 - sọrọ ulo quad emepụta nke Rd-170, eji na "Zenith". Liquid rọketi engine Rd-180-emechi-akaghị kwubiri na afterburning nke elu arụmọrụ, nkasi obi na ohere nke Rd-170 iwerekwa na size dabara chọrọ nke engines maka Atlas V ghọrọ usoro abaghị Launch Vehicle.

Rd-180 - a haịdrọlik moto maka ụgbọala akara valvụ na ndiiche nke nzube vector gimbaled na pneumatics ka actuate valvụ na kpochapu usoro: setịpụ etiti n'ihi ikesa ibu engine dị ka a onwe-zuru ezu. Motor ná mmalite nke eji LOX edu ndú, generator gas afterburning na LOX, ndị ọgaranya gas tobaim drive. N'ihi ya, set abawanye arụpụtaghị site na 10 percent jiri ya tụnyere ihe na-arụ ọrụ osooso na US engines nyere a dị ọcha, reusable ọrụ.
Naanị na isi nzukọ TURBO-mgbapụta na booster mgbapụta chọrọ mmepe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị Rd-120 na Rd-170. All ọzọ mmiri e kpọmkwem site Rd-170.

The Rd-180 a haziri maka 42 ọnwa maka a obere nta nke ndị na-eri nke a typical imewe nke a ọhụrụ engine maka US. The moto-agba na etiti na ọkọlọtọ Atlas III ụgbọelu rọketi Atlas V.

Rd-180 na-onwem na abụọ ụzọ combustion ụlọ na nozzles. The engine e mere na-emepụta site Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị na-mmepụta mkpakọrịta "Energomash". The kerosin eji dị mmanụ ụgbọala, ndị oxidizer bụ mmiri mmiri oxygen. The na-eri nke rọketi engine Rd-180 2010 dịrị $ 9 nde.

Description of na-ewu

1. LOX / kerosin propellant.
2. Abụọ nzube-ulo (cardan +8 degrees).
3. Otu ọgaranya oxygen tupu burner unit.
4. Turbopump nzukọ elu nsogbu.
5. The abụọ na-ogbo mmanụ ụgbọala mgbapụta.
6. Single-ogbo oxygen mgbapụta.
7. Single tobaim.
8. Hypergolic mgbanye.
9. Autonomous haịdrọlik usoro (valves, TVC) na kerosin ike si mmanụ ụgbọala mgbapụta.
10. Health nlekota na ndụ amụma usoro.
11. Akpaghị aka elu ọzụzụ (mgbe echichi na ụgbọala All arụmọrụ na-akpaghị aka site na-agba ọsọ).
12. N'ibelata interface si igba egbe na mpe mpe akwa na ụgbọala (pneumatic na haịdrọlik usoro, kwurula, electrically jikọtara panel nzube etiti ka mfe n'ibu interface).
13. Organic arụmọrụ mma oxidant akpali mgbanye elebara burner na ihe oxidizer mmalite na-akwụsị na ụdịdị nke kpochapụ coking sure nwere mmeru kerosin.
14. 50-100% na-aga n'ihu throttling nyere nwere realtime Doppler trajectory na kenha nke engine na saịtị tupu nsogbu na-malitere.
15. 80% Rd-170 akụkụ.
16. Pressure ulo: 256,6 mmanya.
17. ebe ruru: 36,4.
18. Nzube-to-arọ ruru: 77,26.
19. The ruru nke oxidant-manu: 2,72.

Rd-180 engine. e ji mara

• Specific ibu: 5480 kg (12080 pound).
• Elu: 3.6 m (11.67 ụkwụ).
• Dayameta: 3,2 m (10.33 ụkwụ).
• Specific mkpali: 337,8 s.
• Specific mkpali na oké osimiri: 311,3 sekọnd.
• Ịdekọ oge: 270 sekọnd.
• First mmalite: 2000

akụkọ

Na November 1996, na mmepụta "Energomash" mkpakọrịta ekenịmde mbụ ule nke Rd-180. The engine bụ eto eto na obi maka wụnye ya na "Atlas" US Lockheed Martin Corporation. Ọ ga-mkpa iji mee ka ekwe manned ugboelu. Ọ bụ site na ugbu a na Rd-180 engines aghọwo ndị kasị ewu ewu.

The engine nwere ike re-usable. Ọkaibe management nyere NPO "Energomash" bụ fọrọ nke nta kpara pụrụ ịdabere amụọ na United States. Na December 2012 nkwekọrịta e mere, ụlọ ọrụ na-enye a nkwa na mmepụta engines ruo 2019. All mmepụta a na lekwasị ke Russia.

Ịmepụta dochie Rd-180 na US

Ukrainian ihe ndị dugara sanctions na machibido ikike iji na-Russian rọketi engines maka US. Rd-180 dị mkpa iji dochie analogue of American n'ichepụta. Na December 2014 na House nakweere mmeghari. Ọ machibidoro ojiji nke Russian Rd-180. The engine ga-anọgide na-azụ na otu dị na ọkọnọ nkwekọrịta ruo 2019 n'etiti "Energomash" na ULA.

N'agbanyeghị iso imekọ ihe ọnụ na ọkọnọ nke Rd-180 ẹdude contracts, US Secretary of Defense nyere iwu ndị nchupu nke imekọ ihe ọnụ na Russia na Transition ka American mmiri. America bụ ụgwọ tufuo na nduzi na Russia na agha-na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị okirikiri.

Nke a Frank Kendall (Defense Procurement Minister) kwuru na Russian Rd-180 Pentagon ike-anọchi. Dị ka onye ọzọ ọnọdụ a, America ka a mara ọkwa a obi n'ihi na mmepụta nke ya yiri àgwà nke engines na ókèala ya.

Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin kwuru na ya dị njikere iji kwụsị ọkọnọ nke rọketi engines Rd-180 na K-33 na America.

Ego ole ka a rọketi engine Rd-180 maka US

Ka anyị kwuo banyere ahịa. SpaceNews kọrọ na mkpa iji dochie Rd-180. US ndị dị otú ahụ a chọrọ ga-eri $ 1.5 ijeri. Kama nnukwu ego.

Ole bụ engine Rd-180? The dum oru ngo maka mmejuputa prototype ga-anọgide na n'ihi na ọ dịkarịa ala, afọ isii. Dị ka ndị ọkachamara, na US bụ ekwe omume kpamkpam ahapụ ojiji nke Rd-180 engines. The nsogbu na obere okwu nwere ike ghara kpebiri, dị ka engines ga-adị njikere naanị na 2022.
N'agbanyeghị mmesi obi ike nile si US Air Force na Rd-180 dị na n'ụlọ nkwakọba na chọrọ ego, enweghị ka onyinye. N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ mmalite-acha ọkụ nwere na-yigharịrị. Iwepụta na mpaghara ebe a nwere ike na-amụba ruo ijeri $ 5.
Ezie na US mpi na-eweta n'obodo, China ama na-ewe ebe na Rd-180 mmepụta.

n'ọnọdụ

Pentagon ka ekenyela dịkarịa ala $ 162 nde Aerojet Rocketdyne na United Launch Alliance maka mmepe nke rọketi engines AR1 na BỤRỤ-4, aga ime dochie engine Russian mmepụta, nke a ugbu a na-efe efe booster Atlas V.

The US Air Force dechara nke mbụ ulo oru mbo ke ọhụrụ rọketi engines, dị ka ndị agha na-pụọ ya na nduzi na Russian Rd-180, na-eji na Atlas V, nke na-agba ọtụtụ ndị US ọchịchị Satellites maka nchebe nkwukọrịta, igodo na ọgụgụ isi nzukọ.
Air abatakwa ọha-onwe mmekorita ya na Aerojet Rocketdyne na ULA, pụta ìhè ụlọọrụ ego ngalaba-ego mmepe nke engine.

President na CEO ULA-anọgide na-izute iji nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke US kasị pụrụ ịdabere na igba egbe na usoro na ndị kasị oké ọnụ price, mmepe nke a ọhụrụ engine, nke ga-ewebata kpamkpam ọhụrụ, ohere maka ojiji nke na mbara.

The nkwekọrịta Aerojet Rocketdyne ekpuchi mmepe na ule nke a rọketi engine AR1. Nke a ike unit na-enwu enwu a ngwakọta kerosin na mmiri mmiri oxygen. Ndị a bụ otu propellants, dị ka Rd-180 engine maka Atlas V.

Aerojet Rocketdyne achọ ịmepụta otu engine nke natara a akwụkwọ airworthiness site 2019, ma mbụ igba egbe na-atụ anya na na 2020.
Air Force allocates dịkarịa ala $ 115,3 nde na mmepe usoro AR1, mgbe Aerojet Rocketdyne na ULA jikotara aka itinye ego US $ 57,7 nde dollar - kwuru na nkwupụta Aerojet Rocketdyne.

Tupu ule ndị ọchịchị mkpebi na n'ihu nke nkwado maka ihe e kere eke nke engine omume AR1 nwere a kacha uru nke $ 804 nde - ka $ 536 nde si Air Force na $ 236 nde si Aerojet Rocketdyne na ULA.

«AR1 alaghachi na US na-ebute ụzọ nke mmepụta kerosin nuclear rọketi engines - Drake kwuru na a pịa ntọhapụ. - Anyị na-ewebata ọhụrụ ọganihu oge a mmepụta, mgbe ndinọ ekikere esie na anyị bara ọgaranya ihe ọmụma n'ihi na mmepụta nke a ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke rọketi engines, e mere ihe nile maka iwebata Motors nke gwụsịa ndabere anyị si mba ọzọ suppliers maka mwepụta nke mba nche akụ nke mba anyị. "

Engine AR1 ga-agụnye 3D-e biri ebi akụkụ na-arụ ọrụ na-atọkwu oxygen generator gas afterburning. Nke a bụ a rụọ ọrụ nke ọma ọrụ nke engine okirikiri karịa ndị ọzọ ugbu a maka mmiri mmiri hydrocarbons na US rọketi engines.

Engine BỤRỤ-4 bụ na-elekwasị anya nke Air Force. N'ihi ya, mmejuputa iwu na-ekenyela ego infusion. Air Force ekweta akwụ dịkarịa ala 46,6 nde dollar United Launch Alliance maka ndị na-Vulcan agba. ULA The ụlọ ọrụ kwetara ịgbakwunye 40,8 nde dollar n'okpuru okwu nke a ọchịchị award.

The ọdụm òkè nke mbụ ego - $ 45800000 - ga-aga mmepe nke oru ngo ike a ga--4 engine ga n'ịwa 550.000 pound nke nzube na-eri a Nchikota cryogenic gasị eke gas na mmiri mmiri oxygen.

Abụọ engines BỤRỤ-4 ga-amanye akpa ogbo nke rọketi Vulcan. Ọchịchị na-ekwu na ọ na-4 na-n'ụzọ zuru ezu kwụrụ ụgwọ site na ụlọ ọrụ na-enyemaka nke United Launch Alliance. Financing nke Air Force ga-akwalite ọganihu nke mwekota nke engine nke ụlọ ọrụ BỤRỤ-4 ụgbọelu rọketi Vulcan.

Aerojet Rocketdyne akpọsa AR1 dị ka ndị kasị mfe nnọchi maka Rd-180 n'ihi na nke size na powder ngwakọta. AR1 abụọ Motors na-chọrọ izute arụmọrụ nke abụọ nozulu Rd-180 engine Atlas V.

ULA isi na-ekwu na engine BỤRỤ-4 si Blue Mmalite, entrepreneurial ohere ụlọ ọrụ tọrọ ntọala site na Amazon.com, ga-adị njikere anya, na a ga-emecha-abụ mfe naghachi maka iwerekwa.

Ezie na Rd-180 engine nwere uru nke karịa 60 ịga nke ọma na-ebupụta, oge eruola maka US ego na anụ ụlọ mmepụta nke yiri engines.

BỤRỤ-4 kwesịrị mezue ya asambodo na 2017, na iji na ULA Vulcan mbụ ama na roketi tupu ọgwụgwụ nke 2019.

The Air Force na-bụ akwado ndị na-ewu na ohere maka astronauts bi miri ohere ngagharị na satellite ọrụ.

ULA-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na Blue Mmalite, na na Aerojet Rocketdyne. Ọ esokwa abụọ nsụgharị nke ọzọ ọgbọ nke American engines, nke bụ ya mere ụlọ ọrụ na-achọkwa na ụwa abụọ na-eduga sịrị na ohere rụzuru.

ULA AR1 nọgide na-engine si Aerojet Rocketdyne dị ka a ndabere nhọrọ. The ikpeazụ nhọrọ na-atụ anya na mbubreyo 2016.

Financial ọrụ na Force na Aerojet Rocketdyne ULA meghere mgbe February 29, 2016 mgbe ruru yiri nkwekọrịta SpaceX na orbital ATK.
The ọhụrụ oru ngo nke siri ike roket boosters mere orbital ATK maka ULA si Vulcan akụ ụta maka ya obubata, ga-enweta ego orbital ATK.

The onyinyo nke Earth na ohere "ígwé ojii"

Russian engines Rd-180 na United States na-adịghị ihe ọzọ. Osote onyeisi oche nke Aerojet Rocketdyne Dzhim Meyzer kwuru na United States na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ na-ezu anya ka mmepe nke ha onwe ha oxygen-kerosin prototypes.
O kwuru na America na-maa anaghị agasi na Russian na Chinese na e kere eke nke dị propulsion usoro. O kwukwara na ọ nọworị mepụtara oxygen-kerosin engine na United States, nke siworo na-arụ ọrụ Merlin 1D. Ọ na-na ụlọ ọrụ SpaceX. Naanị ebe a na e ji mara nke ukwuu na ọ bụghị ruo Rd-180.

N'ezie, ọ bụ ihe zuru ezu na-enweghị isi, n'ihi na ụwa na-apụghị ikpu a ígwé ojii na ohere bụ dịghị ndo. Ma na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị uche - Ewoo, na-tụfuo.

US emepụta na-jụụ, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kwusiri

A senior ukara nke US Air Force kwuru na ọ ga-akwụsị launching mba nche Satellites n'ụgbọ ahụ Atlas V rọketi United Launch Alliance, ọ bụrụ na ndị Ministry of Finance ekwere na mbubata nke Russian moto adịghị emerụ US sanctions.

Tupu mgbe ahụ, Senator Dzhon Makkeyn jụrụ ndị Air Force iji gosi na-adịbeghị anya reorganization ya Russian rọketi na ohere ụlọ ọrụ na-adịghị etinye zuo nke Rd-180 engines maka imebi US sanctions amanye megide Russian ọchịchị na 2014.

US ụlọ ọrụ gọọmenti edu Ministry of Finance, na-a ọhụrụ anya na nnyefe nke Rd-180. Na anyị dị njikere bụghị ịgbaso sanctions. Atlas V Grounding emepụta a dị oké njọ na-egbochi ndị Pentagon karịa omume nke agha ahụ.

McCain ẹkenịmde a-anụ nke agha cosmodrome, ebe ọ na-akpọ na BBC na-a ọhụrụ iwu uche na Mbubata Rd-18O emerụ US n'obodo megide Russian isi eso annexation nke Crimea peninshula na Ukraine.

McCain kpoputara abụọ elu-ogo Russian isi: Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin na Sergei Chemezov, ndị ndụmọdụ nke Russian President Vladimir Putin. Ha nwere, ruo mgbe na-adịbeghị anya, nọ na-ekiri ihe na ohere ndi oru. Ọ bụ ezie na ha enweghị ego-erite uru site na ire Rd-180, n'obodo ha iwu na ha.

On December 28, na iwu nke Putin hazigharịrị ohere oru na Russia. Nke a nhazigharị na-eme ka mgbanwe na Russian ohere ụlọ ọrụ na ohere gị n'ụlọnga "Roskosmos" n'okpuru ọhụrụ ọha ụlọ ọrụ, na-akpọ "Roskosmos". McCain kwuru na nke a na nzukọ a ugbu a gawa site Rogozin; Chemezov nwekwara nwere na-eme ya. Rogozin na Chemezov so ná ndị mbụ Russian ukara onye natara ikike n'oge Ukraine nsogbu. Ma otu ọ bụ nke ọzọ apụghị ịbanye United States. Akụ na ha nwere, e oyi kpọnwụrụ.