SDR - a Special ịbịaru Rights ...

SDRs - ihe afo nke English aha, nke na Russian ụda ka "pụrụ iche ịbịaru ikike" (SDRs). SDR a na-ewere a sịntetik ego na mba na idobere akpan owo, nke na-emepụta na-eji ndị IMF ka na-enye ego mmekọahụ n'etiti ndị nọ na ya. mee na ya agbala mgbazinye ego na-setịpụrụ na nke a akwụkwọ ego. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ, na March 2016, e nwere ihe 204.1 ijeri SDR.

The anya na nzube

Special ịbịaru Rights (SDR, SDR SDR) pụtara na 1969 na onodu nke Bretton Woods Ego usoro. Iji nọgide na-anụ ọnụego mgbanwe nke ya ego nkeji nke mba mkpa mee. Otú ọ dị, na olu nke mba ọkọnọ nke ọla-edo na dollar bụ ezughị. Obi ike na US ego ga imebi, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-amalite na-ebipụta ọhụrụ banknotes. Ọ e mere kpebiri ike a ọhụrụ idobere akpan owo.

SDR - nke a bụ kpọmkwem ihe efu njikọ nke Bretton Woods usoro. Otú ọ dị, nke ikpeazụ anya dara iche. Ọtụtụ ná mba kwaga a ọchịchị nke sere n'elu mgbanwe udu. N'okpuru ọhụrụ usoro, Jamaican SDR abụghị a dị mkpa usoro. Mmepe nke ego na isi obodo ahịa ka ọtụtụ mba imubanye ọkpụrụkpụ mba ọzọ ego mee.

Otú ọ dị, SDR - bụghị a relic nke gara aga. Ha nọgidere na-adị ma a dị ịrịba ama mmetụta na enyemaka mmetụta nke zuru ụwa ọnụ ego nsogbu. Na 2009, ndị SDR e nyere dịkwuo liquidity nke zuru ụwa ọnụ aku usoro na ego nke 182,6 ijeri. Ha a, tinyere ukara mee nke ndị òtù nke ndị International Monetary Fund, ndị ahụ tara nke ego nsogbu.

Anyị apụghị ikwu na SDR - ego ma ọ bụ ihe a chọrọ n'aka nke IMF. Ha ejiri nwere ike nweta kpamkpam usable ego n'ọnọdụ ha site abụọ usoro:

1. Mgbanwe n'etiti ndị òtù nke IMF, nke na-ewe ebe a azụ.
2. Ịzụ GPA mba na ike mpụga ọnọdụ ke mkpa nke agbazinye mba.

Ebe ọ bụ na SDR - ego nke sịntetik, ọ na-apụghị na-eji ndị mmadụ ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-eje ozi gbakọọ bụghị naanị IMF, ma a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mba òtù (BIS, EBTS na ndị ọzọ na mpaghara development mmiri).

Ego mejupụtara

Ná mmalite, na uru nke pụrụ iche ịbịaru ikike e ofu ke gold. Otu SDR bụ Ẹkot price nke 0,88871 grams nke metal. SDR ọnụego mgbanwe na US dollar a kọwara dị ka 1: 1. Mgbe ida nke Bretton Woods usoro na 1973 na ya nnọchi uru nke SDR bụ Jamaica gbakọọ dabeere na a nkata nke ego. Na mbụ ya ẹkewetde nke US dollar, euro, yen na pound magburu onwe. More na nso nso, e kwukwara na yuan. Agbanwe 1 October 2016. Ugbu a SDR ọnụego kpebisiri ike dabere na ndị na-esonụ ibu ndabere:

• US dollar - 41,73%.
• EUR - 30,93%.
• Yuan - 10,92%.
• Japanese yen - 8,33%.
• British pound magburu onwe - 8,09%.

Uru nke SDR a na-ebipụta kwa ụbọchị na na ukara website nke IMF. Ya ngụkọta oge dabeere na akụkụ site arọ nke nkata dabeere na udu, nke na ofu na ehihie na London Stock Exchange.

A ndepụta ego na-ekpebi uru nke pụrụ iche ịbịaru ikike, jide n'aka reassessed ise ọ bụla afọ site IMF Executive Board, ma ọ bụ tupu ma ọ bụrụ na achọrọ site na-agbanwe agbanwe ọnọdụ nke ụwa usoro. The ọhụrụ ọhụrụ bụ na Nsonye na nkata nke Chinese yuan. The ọzọ nyochaa nke ya mejupụtara na-zubere maka 2021.

Interest na pụrụ iche ịbịaru ikike

The mmasị ọnụego na SDR - bụ ihe ndabere maka ịgbakọ ego nke IMF ego ịkwụ ụgwọ. Ọ na-ekpebi na pasent na-akwụ ụgwọ site Member States na ha ojiji nke pụrụ iche ịbịaru ikike na ebubo na-ekesa mee.

Weekly ọnụego na gbakọọ dabeere na dara nha nkezi nke nnọchiteanya mmasị na ụgwọ ngwá na obere ịkwụ ụgwọ okwu udu ke ego ahịa, bụ nke na-elu nkata.

The nkesa ego akpan owo

Olu nke SDRs ka IMF òtù bụ proportional ka ha oke akụkọ na nzukọ. N'ihi ya, ọ bụla na mba nwere na ya mkpofu mba idobere akpan owo, nke na-adịghị metụtara ọzọ na-akwụ ụgwọ.

The nnọọ usoro nke nkesa agbaziri ikike bụ onwe-ego. Ndị percentages, nke na-ebubo na-ekwu na oké ojiji n'ezie ebubo na IMF òtù, bụ ndị na-eji ha. Otú ọ dị, ejiri nke SDRs - bụghị naanị a so na International Monetary Fund, ma ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ na otu nke kwesịrị ekwesị ụdị. N'etiti ha, n'ihi na ihe atụ, na European Central Bank. Kenyere ịgụ nwere ike iji SDRs na a azụmahịa na ibe ma ọ bụ na IMF so n'Òtù.

N'ụbọchị Lọt na n'ire nke SDRs

The IMF na akụkọ banyere ya ọ na-enwe atọ SDR oke. Ngụkọta ego nke mbụ nke 9.3 ijeri. Nke a na-ekesa e rụrụ site 1970 ruo 1972. Oge ọzọ a mkpebi na replenishment nke idobere akụ e mere na 1979. The ngụkọta ego nke abụọ oke dịrị 12.1 ijeri. Ọ na-emepụta si 1979 na 1981. Mgbe ahụ maka ọtụtụ afọ na SDR mee nọrọ na otu larịị.

N'ihi na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka afọ 30 mgbe na mgbe oge ruru mkpebi dịghị mkpa na a nzọụkwụ. Otú ọ dị, August 28, 2009 e mere nke-atọ nkesa nke zuru ụwa ọnụ ego nsogbu. Ọ na-e mgbe ahụ wepụtara na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ego nke SDR. Mkpokọta dịrị 161,2 ijeri. Ke adianade do, izu abụọ tupu ndị ọzọ na otu oge replenishment nke mee na ego nke 21,5 ijeri e nyere. Ọ ga-kwuru na ruo mgbe 2009, ihe karịrị otu-na-ise nke IMF otu (na ndị sonyeere nzukọ mgbe 1981) mgbe natara SDR allocations.

Atụmanya na ọrụ nke China

Na 2016, ndị World Bank azụlitewo a nkekọ omume maka anụ ụlọ Chinese ahịa. Securities denominated na SDRs na-bu n'obi institutional investors. The World Bank haziri usoro ihe omume na mmekota na isi Chinese obot. Mkpokọta olu nke usoro ihe omume 2 bụ milliarda SDR. Tupu afọ a (site na 1 October) na yuan nọ na di na nkata nke sịntetik ego nyere site IMF. Ugbu a, SDR - bụghị naanị pound magburu, Japanese yen, euro na US dollar.