South Georgia na South Sanwichi Islands. Atlantic oké osimiri

Mgbe ndịda nke ndị Atlantic Ocean pụtara ebe nke mgbawa ugwu si n'ala: South Georgia na Sanwichi Archipelago. Olee ihe anyị maara banyere ha? Olee otú aha ndị a na-arahụ, na-chọpụtara na-na ihe ha na-ịrịba ama? Ka anyị lebakwuo anya na nke a mpempe nke Atlantic.

South Georgia: nkọwa na ihu igwe

South Georgia, na George - agwaetiti dị ka paradaịs nke penguins na akàrà, nakwa dị ka akipelago nke otu aha, nke na-emi esịnede 9 agwaetiti na nkume 4. Ọ bụ ebe a na nnukwu chịrị nke ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a. Na àgwàetiti ahụ bụ karịa 3500 km ^2, na ọtụtụ n'ime ya na-kpuchie site tundra mosses na lichens. Aka ike Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe-adịghị ekwe ka isi mara mma eke Okirikiri.

Ebe a na-ahụkarị Oceanic ala ahịhịa kpuchie na ezi ahịhịa, tundra, ọ dịghị osisi na osisi. Part nke agwaetiti n'ebe ịdị elu nke 300 mita n'elu oké osimiri, kpuchie kpụkọrọ na ndu ebighi-ice. Onwe Ya ala nke a abụghị nnọọ enyi na enyi ụmụ mmadụ. Rocks, oké ifufe na mgbe nile urukpuru ihu igwe na snow ma ọ bụ ezi drizzle dịghị onye na-adọrọ adọrọ na-adịghị na-na-na a agwaetiti. Ya mere, ọ bụ n'ụlọ ka naanị banyere 30 ndị mmadụ. The osimiri anaghị ifriizi n'elu, naanị mechiri emechi n'ọnụ mmiri maka a oge na ebere nke ice.

South Sanwichi Islands: Description

Gịnị bụ ihe a ala feature? Ọ bụrụ na ị ntị ka Atlantic Ocean na ụwa map, nke a akipelago emi odude ke n'ebe ndịda na ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ya, na a anya nke 570 kilomita site Georgia. Site ebe, ọ bụ obere akipelago na oké osimiri (a ngụkọta nke 310 km ^2), esịnede 13 obere akpa nkata ala. Gbasasịa aak nke mgbawa ugwu agwaetiti bụ n'enweghị onye bi na nkume. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-adịghị obodo a. Nke a n'akụkụ nke ụwa mmadụ bi site fauna na-emegharị ka aka ike subarctic gburugburu ebe obibi. Dị ka ndị Izrel, bụ ndị Sanwichi Islands bụ nke mmasị ukwuu n'ime naanị maka ọkà. The eziokwu na ebe a bi kasị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke albatross na ụwa. Ọzọkwa, ndị a nkume mben họọrọ akàrà, eze penguins na ndị ọzọ bi subarctic idụhe.

The kasị ibu n'àgwàetiti akipelago - Montagu - mara maka ya agbọpụta ọkụ. Ikpeazụ ọkọ mere na 2008. Site mwere, na Sanwichi Islands bụ ndọtị nke Andes, emi odude ke South America. Ala a na-gara naanị site Arctic njem. Na echiche nke mbọhọ oyi okwukwo subantarctic akipelago nke icebound si May ruo mgbe n'oge December.

History of chọpụtara

Dị ka echiche ya, nke àgwàetiti South Georgia e mepere 1675 na nnọchite nke ahịa Entoni De la Roche. Ọ ụgbọ mmiri si Chile na Brazil na ụzọ bụ na a oké ifufe, nke chupuru ya n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. The otu ike na-agbaba n'ime n'ọnụ mmiri nke na-amaghị agwaetiti, na-aghọ otú ndị ọsụ ụzọ. mpaghara ala e aha na nsọpụrụ nke Roche. Naanị 100 afọ mgbe e mesịrị, na 1775, n'oge ya nke abụọ njem a ibé ala bịara ama Dzheyms Kuk. Ọ bụ ya na-kọwara agwaetiti na gburu ya na map. Ọzọkwa, na-esonụ na British iwu, nchoputa kwuru na ọ na UK ma nye ya aha ya na nsọpụrụ nke King George.

Mgbe ahụ Dzheyms Kuk enyoba na Sanwichi Islands, mmalite a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke obere agwaetiti na aha ya bụ ha na-Earth Sanwichi, ma a ọzọ zuru ezu nkọwa nke ha pụtara na 1819. Mgbe ahụ njem Lazarev - Bellingshausen meghere 6 ọzọ obere ebe ala. Ebe ọ bụ na Atlantic Ocean na ụwa map kwukwara ọzọ akipelago. Gbanwee ya ọnọdụ mere na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20. Britain na-ekesịpde Sanwichi Islands kemgbe 1908.

mgbe oghere

Ya mere, ọhụrụ ala pụtara na akpan owo, na ihe na-eme ha - bụ amaghi. N'ihi na ihu igwe siri ike nke chọtara ọhụrụ ndụ na agwaetiti bụ fọrọ agaghị ekwe omume. Idi nso Antarctic achọ ndị ọnọdụ ihu igwe: okpomọkụ adịghị ebili n'elu 5 degrees na okpomọkụ na oyi na-adịghị ada n'okpuru 2 degrees Celsius. Na niile ga-eme, ma persistent oyi ifufe na urukpuru ihu igwe na-adị ala degrees ka -10. Gbaga agwaetiti na mberede, ya mere ndị mmadụ ji ụgbọ mmiri ebe a dị nnọọ maka ịchụ nta akàrà na oké osimiri na ọdụm.

Ma, ọtụtụ ihe gbanwere mgbe ọ malitere whaling. Whaling nsoro na search-eri anụ na-egwu mmiri na nnọọ n'ebe ndịda nke Atlantic, na ebe ọ bụ na 1904 n'àgwàetiti South Georgia niile wee pụta ìhè. Nchoputa nke mbụ biri Grytviken bụ Norwegian na British ụmụ amaala Carl Larsen.

malite whaling

Ebe ọ bụ na 1904, na George agwaetiti pụtara asaa azu ụlọ mmepụta ihe. N'agbanyeghị ihu igwe siri ike, ndị whalers nwere mụbara, na ebe a oge niile e nwere ihe dị ka 1,000 mmadụ. Na Grytviken emi odude achị isi nke Argentine azu ụlọ ọrụ. All n'ime ha nọ na enịm ke a ya ndò n'ọnụ mmiri n'ebe ugwu nke ụsọ oké osimiri nke agwaetiti ahụ.

Anyị na-arụ ọrụ a ụlọ ọrụ tumadi Norwegians. Leases whalers nyere English gọvanọ. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na England, e guzobere na 1909, na nso nso whaling isi nke Grytviken management center - King Edward Point, archipelagos chịrị gọvanọ nke Falkland Islands.

War maka ókèala

Argentina mgbe ghọtara nri na aka na UK si South Georgia South Sanwichi Islands. Ha na-ekwu ọ na-eweta, ebe 1938. Ụfọdụ oge ke ufọt ufọt 50s, Argentina bụ isi afọ Tenniente-ESQUIVEL na Gulf nke Ferguson Bay n'àgwàetiti Thule, emi odude ke akụkụ ebe ndịda nke Sanwichi Islands. Na malite na 1976, na-erule 1982, e odude a naval isi "Corbett Uruguay." The British ndị maara nke ọma na nke ọnụnọ nke Argentina na ya esenidụt n'ókèala, ma agha ụzọ iwepụ ya ejighị.

Ọ mere na March 19, 1982. Mgbe ahụ ìgwè ahụ nke Argentines ese dị ka scrap-ere ahịa, were hapụrụ whaling isi ke Gulf of Leith Harbor na South Georgia. A 3 April were iwe ọkụ ma nwere Grytviken.

British Marines nwetaghachiri Island April 25, 1982. Ke N'ezie nke agha arụmọrụ 13,000 British agha na 20,000 Argentines ndị aka. The meriri n'agha mere ka a mgbanwe nke ọchịchị Argentina na UK mee ka mmeri nke ibu nke ịhụ mba n'anya. Otu onye edemede kwuru banyere agha, sị: "esemokwu nke abụọ isi nkwọcha n'ihi a mbo." Na ọ bụ n'ezie a na-amaghị ihe agha, nke ndị e gburu. Up ruo mgbe 2001, e nwere a obere agha agha dabeere King Edward Point. N'oge a, ndị isi bịara na mkpofu nke British Antarctic Survey.

isuo taa

Ka ụbọchị, ndị a mgbawa ugwu agwaetiti bụ nke mmasị maka a ukwuu ruo n'ókè nke na nkà mmụta sayensị njem ndị mmadụ merela. Ha na-enwe n'oge okpomọkụ Meteorological ọmụmụ na kwuru na-mere nke pụrụ iche ìgwè nnụnụ. N'àgwàetiti South Georgia na-hụrụ naanị warbler na Antarctica - a nnukwu ịnyịnya. Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ albatrosses ibi ebe a, petrels, cormorants, gulls na terns, i nwere ike na-enwe mmasị na beauties, penguins na nnukwu rookeries nke walruses na akàrà.

N'ihi na nke mgbawa ugwu ahụ na Sanwichi Islands, nke a hụrụ ebe ọ bụ na ha chọpụtara, ndụ nke ndị mmadụ n'ókèala ha bụ fọrọ nke nta agaghị ekwe omume. Ma, ebe a oge enịm Antarctic njem. N'ihi na oge ụfọdụ England zubere mmepe nke njem nleta mbubehe ke isuo, ma ọ bụ dị nnọọ oké ọnụ njem.

nlegharị anya

Taa n'àgwàetiti South Georgia, Grytviken n'ime obodo, a ngosi nka, ebe i nwere ike mara banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke akipelago. Ụfọdụ oge gara aga, anyị malitere wughachi ha gbajisịa whaling isi nke obodo nkiri. Ọzọkwa n'àgwàetiti na-eli ama pola nchoputa Ernest Shekelton na-enyere ya aka Frenk Uald. Ma isi mma nke ndị a anya archipelagos bụ chịrị nke penguins na mmiri mammals. Na nso Sanwichi Islands, ị na-ekiri ihe ndị dị ebube Refeyim - whale. N'ebe a, ha na-- kasị oké nke Atlantic isuo.