Soviet cosmonaut A. A. Leonov: biography, photos

Russian cosmonautics maara a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị a ma ama ndị mmadụ. Ma n'etiti ha bụ a Soviet cosmonaut Leonov Alexei Arkhipovich. Mbụ niile, ọ na-mara maka ịbụ ndị mbụ onye na-adịghị atụ egwu na-aga n'ime mbara. Nke a ma ama na-Leonov cosmonaut. Biography nke a pụtara ìhè ga-atụle nke nkwurịta okwu anyị.

Birth na nke nwata

Na Kemerovo region, ókèala nke ahụ bụ ndị West-Siberia onu, omumu nke Soviet cosmonaut Leonov. Ụbọchị ọmụmụ - May 30, 1934. Nne na nna ya, Arhip Alekseevich Leonov na Evdokia Minaevna Sotnikova, ma e wezụga n'ihi a obere Alyosha welitere asaa ụmụ ndị ọzọ.

Mgbe Alex dị afọ atọ, ezinụlọ ya mkpi. The nna gara njide center, na nne na nwa ahụ amanye ịkwaga Kemerovo, dị ka ụlọ ha n'ezie nyere kwakọrọ. Ma afọ abụọ gasịrị nna ya gbanwee.

Na Kemerovo A. A. Leonov gaa akwụkwọ, ma na 1947 ezinụlọ, na njikọ na mgbanwe nke n'ebe ọrụ nke breadwinner, a manyere ịkwaga Kaliningrad. Ọ bụ n'obodo a nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu oké Astronotu natara ya abụọ muta.

Site na nwata, A. A. Leonov rọrọ nke usuu ọrụ, ya mere, mgbe na-anata a ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ubre (1953) banyere Military Aviation School, nke o ọma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1955. Afọ abụọ gasịrị, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na School nke kwekọrọ ekwekọ profaịlụ.

mmepe nke Space

Ka ọ dịgodị, nkera nke abụọ nke 50s na 60s XX narị afọ bụ oge nke ngwa ngwa mmepe nke ohere. Na 1957, ndị wuru Earth satellite na oru site na Soviet Union. nkịta Laika - N'otu afọ na ụgbọelu mbụ kere eke dị ndụ a na-etinye n'ime orbit. All ndị ọzọ ngwa ngwa bụ ajụjụ nke-ekwe omume nke na-efe efe na mmadụ ohere.

Na 1960, ndị Soviet Air Force mere nhọrọ nke ìgwè nke mbụ nke astronauts, nke gụnyere 20 kacha mma zụọ ụgbọelu. Ọ bụ n'etiti ndị òtù nke otu a kpụrụ-arụ ọrụ nke mbụ Soviet ohere njem ndị mmadụ merela. Na nke a kasị kwesịrị iri abụọ hit na A. A. Leonov. E wezụga ya, ihe squad bụ German Titov, Dmitry Zaikin, Pavel Popovich, Ivan Anikeev, Adrian Nikolayev na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama ụgbọelu. Ihe ùgwù nke ịghọ ndị mbụ cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin e nyere ya. Na April 1961, ndị ugboelu "Vostok-1", o mere nke mbụ orbital ụgbọ elu.

Site na 1961 ruo 1964, ohere ụgbọ elu mere na Titov, Nikolayev, Popovich, Valery Bykovsky na Komarov. The ndi oru ugbo nke Vladimir Komarov, onye ama na October 1964, na mgbakwunye na nke onyeisi, gụnyere abụọ ọzọ ndị mmadụ. Ndị dị otú ahụ ohere nyere a ọhụrụ ụdị multi-ugboelu "Voskhod", nke dochie usoro isiokwu bụ "East".

Ichere maka ha n'aka Soviet cosmonaut Leonov. Photo na ya na Yuriem Gagarinym nwere ike hụrụ n'elu.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme ụgbọ elu

The ọhụrụ ohere njem e zubere maka ufọt ufọt March 1965. Ọ gụnyere mmadụ abụọ. Ọ họpụtara ọchịagha Pavel Belyaev na pilot - A. A. Leonov. Mission bụ na-ebe na multiseater ugboelu "Voskhod-2", nke, tụnyere nke mbụ version e gbanwetụrụ.

Ná mmalite, ndị ọrụ nke njem bụ na mmejuputa mmadụ spacewalks, na-ewere ya dị ka akụkụ nke Soviet-amị n'ọnwa mmemme.

"Voskhod-2" na Belyaev na Leonov on board na oru na March 18, 1965.

Na-emeghe ohere

Mgbe ugboelu wee n'ime orbit, ọ dị mkpa na-ebu isi nzube nke na ụgbọ elu - a spacewalk. Nke a ọrụ bụ ikpebi A. A. Leonov. The Astronotu ozugbo kwagara n'ime mkpọchi ulo, mgbe nke ahụ e mechiri emechi ogige arụ ọrụ ọchịagha na malitere ya depressurization. Mgbe ahụ Alexei Arkhipovich hapụrụ airlock na steepụ n'ime emeghe ohere. Ọ bụ omume nke ụwa dum nwere mara A. A. Leonov (Astronotu). Photo nke ọnụnọ ya na-emeghe ohere dị n'okpuru.

Ọ ga-kwuru na mgbe n'èzí a ugboelu Alexei Arkhipovich chere erughị ala: ya ahu okpomọkụ bilie, malitere ọsụsọ na-agba, mụbara obi ọnụego na akụkụ okuku ume ọnụego. Na mbara Astronotu jiworo ihe karịrị iri na abụọ nkeji.

Laghachi na ugboelu bụ n'ihi isi ike ụfọdụ. N'ihi na eziokwu na oghere uwe idiọk aza, Leonov bụ ike na-azụ n'ime airlock. Ya mere, o - mebiri nke ntụziaka - ama afanyekwa n'ime isi ya jiri aka ya na-atụ.

ọdịda

Ọdịda ugboelu nwekwara so site na-atụghị anya ihe mere. Ọ na-rụrụ na-akpaghị aka, mgbe ụgbọ mmiri ga-eme ka 17 ibe gburugburu orbit. Ma ngwá ka malfunctioned. Ya mere, "ọwụwa anyanwụ-2" nwere na-etinye na ntuziaka mode mgbe 18 ibe.

ọdịda ebe bụ apịtị ebe ke Perm mpaghara. Rescue party okụt a ugboelu naanị n'ụbọchị nke abụọ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na n'ihi ọdịda na akpaaka ọdịda mere na ihe unscheduled ebe.

Ọzọkwa ọrụ Astronotu

Mgbe ayak mere ihe akụkọ ụgbọ elu, bịara ná njedebe na ntọhapụ nke ndị mbụ nke ọma mmadụ n'ime ohere, Alexei Leonov e ọdịda nke aha dike nke Soviet Union. Ọ e ọdịda nke kasị elu Soviet award - na "Gold Star" na Order of Lenin.

Mgbe na na ruo 1969 yana idobe okirikiri Leonov wee akụkụ ke Soviet amị n'ọnwa mmemme. Ma mgbe ọdịda America na ọnwa ọ phased dị ka ndị Soviet Union-efu ndị US egwuregwu na "ọnwa agbụrụ". Ugbu a, Earth si eke satellite abụghị nke otu mmasị ka Russian cosmonautics. Ọ bụ ezie na otu mgbe ọ e zubere na ya ga-aghọrọ Leonov nwoke mbụ rutere na ọnwa.

N'oge a, n'out oge na-arụ ọrụ Alex Arkhipovich amụ na Air Force Academy na engineering direction.

Na 1975, Leonov mere nke abụọ ya ohere ụgbọ elu. Nke a na oge ọ bụ ya bụ onyeisi ndị na ndi oru ugbo, nke, n'agụnyeghị ya, banyere V.Kubasov. The ụgbọ elu e mere ụgbọelu "Soyuz-19" na dịgidere ruo ihe karịrị ụbọchị ise. N'oge a njem, ọ na-otu ugboro ọzọ ọdịda aha dike nke Soviet Union.

Na January 1982 sorokasemiletny Leonov ọnụ na ndị ọzọ na-anya ụgbọelu nke ọgbọ ya hapụrụ otu nke astronauts. N'ụzọ bụ isi, nke a bụ n'ihi afọ ndụ ya. Otú ọ dị, ọ nọgidere ruo mgbe 1991 ogide ọnọdụ nke osote onye. Isi nke CPC. Na 1991 ọ lara ezumike nká na n'usoro nke Major General.

Eme na ezumike nka

Ma ọ bụghị ụdị onye ahụ na-Alexey Arkhipovich ịnọgide na ezumike nká. Ugbua na 1992, enye ama ada ike, na-emekwa ụfọdụ na mmepe nke ohere mmemme. Ke adianade do, ọ bụ ya bụ ihe ukara-enye Ndụmọdụ na Board of Directors òtù nke otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu Russian obot.

Alekseya Arhipovicha isi na-enwe ntụrụndụ na-ugbu a na-egosipụta. Na nke a, ọ na-e ghọtara site ọkachamara. Leonov collaborates na artist A. Sokolov, na onye ọ na-ngalaba-dere a usoro nke maka ozi stampụ.

Ọ bụghị a ọzọ iji Alexei Arkhipovich na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ ugbu a bụ otu nke Kasị Elu Council nke party nzukọ nke "United Russia". On ya 75th ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya onwe congratulated Dmitry Medvedev n'oge jere ozi dị ka onyeisi oche nke Russia.

ezinụlọ

Alekseya Leonova nwunye Svetlana Pavlovna bụ Dotsenko, a mụrụ na 1940. N'oge gara aga, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ ulo CPC, na ugbu a na-lara ezumike nká.

Na alụmdi na nwunye ha nwere ụmụ nwaanyị abụọ - Victoria (1961 p.) Ndien Oksana (1967 p.). Ma Victoria, bụ onye rụrụ ọrụ na State University "Sovfraht", nwụrụ n'afọ 1996 dị ka a n'ihi nke ịba ọcha n'anya na pneumonic nsogbu. Oksana na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a dị ka onye nsụgharị.

ụdị onye ntule

Ya mere, anyị mụtara banyere ihe dị otú ahụ pụtara ìhè na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke otú A. A. Leonov (Astronotu). Ya biography nnọọ akụda: na nwata o nwere Stalinist ada, na lara ezumike nká nwere obi ilu nke na ọnwụ nke nwa ya nwaanyị.

Ma, n'agbanyeghị na niile na-agazighị agazi na ihe mgbochi, Leonov bụ ike na-aghọ otu n'ime ndị kasị ama mmadụ na Soviet na ụwa cosmonautics. Ọ bụ ya na-ama okpono na nke mbụ na-aga n'ime mbara. Ịmata n'oge ahụ bụ nhọrọ nke na-aga ime, anyị aghaghị ịghọta na ka họpụtara ozi dị otú ahụ a onye ga-abụrịrị n'ezie ahụkebe àgwà. Na correctness nke a nhọrọ Alexei Arkhipovich gosipụtara na omume.

Inflexibility nke àgwà ya na-arụsi ọrụ ike gosiri Leonov mgbe ezumike nká, mgbe, kama na ịla ezumike nká, akwụsịghị ifịk ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ na-eme.

Ọ bụ mmadụ dị ka A. A. Leonov, Russia mpako.