Swedish tank Battle: nyochaa nke ụdị na nkọwa

Otu ihe ịrịba ama nke onwe bụ obligatory nke ọnụnọ ya agha. Ndị agha mba ọ bụla na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ isi ebe, ya bụ, Air Force, Marine agha na ala agha. N'aka nke ya, na Army compulsorily dechara na armored nkewa, enweghị nke na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ka ewere mmejuputa nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agha arụmọrụ. Ke ibuotikọ emi anyị ga-ekwu banyere ndị dị otú ahụ a agha ụgbọala, ndị Swedish tank. About ya okwu ọzọ.

ya mere eme

The First World War-adịghị efu na Swedish agha, nke pụtara na ha na-ntị nke ọma na-ele ndị armored ugbo ala na-achọgharị maka ụzọ dị iche iche ime nke ugbua agha ya. Ná mmalite, ndị Swedes chọrọ ịzụta ihe British tank maka ya zuru ezu ọmụmụ, ma echiche emecha jụrụ n'ihi na Swedish management kpebiri na ndibiat bụ oke ọnụ (40 000 kroons).

German wayo

Sweden mbụ tank bụ a traktọ. Ke akpa ilekiri, ọ na-ada-enweghị isi, ma ọ bụ n'okpuru guise nke ugbo ígwè Germany mgbe imeri ke agha nke Sweden rere 10 nke ya tankị Lk-II. Na nke a, na igwe a napụtara unassembled, na ikpeazụ mgbakọ nke tankị e rụrụ na Swedish ala. The nnọọ mbụ ọgụ ụgbọala e kpọkọtara Scandinavians na April 1922, na iri na iri nkeji August nọ nche. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1924 na Swedish tankị na-aha ya bụ M / 21.

modernization

N'oge 1924-1925 afọ na igwe ndị a, nwere e duziri iji wụnye redio. All 10 tankị nọ ugbu a, "na mbụ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ" maka Swedish agha injinia maka dum ụlọ ọrụ. Na 1929, otu na ọgụ nke ndị a nkeji na-kwalite: Ha Swedish Scania Vabis 1554 engines, ike nke onye ọ bụla n'ime ha bụ nke 85 horsepower (German analogue nwere a 56 HP ..).

The echiche nke General Staff

Na 1928, Chief of General Staff mara ọkwa Hammarskjold chọrọ na-aghaghị ime na Swedish tank:

• Kacha firepower (abụọ igwe egbe na egbe ga-arụnyere na na igwe).
• Magburu onwe cross-mba site ebe (dịkarịa ala 10 km / h n'elu ike ike teren na dịkarịa ala, 20 km / h na a nkịtị ụzọ).
• Agha ga-echebe site ọkụ egbe ala caliber 37 mm.
• The arọ nke tank ekwesịghị gafere 12 tọn, nke mere na ọ nwere ike gabiga àkwà mmiri na-enweghị nsogbu.

awade injinia

Ozugbo a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oru si dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ ndị e osụk. Akpan akpan Mogårdshammarstridsvagnen tank e chọrọ nke isii n'onwe, otu nke e nwere ebe a igwe na-enwe ibughari okporo ígwè. Otú ọ dị, ngo bụghị e mepụtara n'ihi ọnwụ nke ya na-ede akwụkwọ.

N'aka nke ya, na ụlọ ọrụ "Landsverk" nyere ya Swedish tank STRV akpọ L-5. O nwere ike ime ka ọ bụ na tracks, na kpọmkwem omits wiil maka na-akwọ ụgbọala na okporo ụzọ. Ngwá agha bụ a caliber 37 mm egbe ala na abụọ igwe egbe. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ nnọọ na-adịghị ike n'akwụkwọ igwe nwere ike idi a igwe-egbe ọkụ.

The oge nke 1930s

Nke a Swedish tank e kuchiri, ma n'ikpeazụ, ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka mmepụta nke ụgbọala na 1930, L-30 - a wheel-esoro tank. Nke a na ngwá agha bụ ike na-egosi ndị magburu onwe ọsọ e ji mara na 1931 ọnwụnwa. Na a ọgụ arọ nke 11.500 n'arọ, tank tracks na accelerated 35 km / h, na RV - ruo 75 km / h.

Gasịrị, Swedish tankị 30 afọ natara naanị a katapila. The wheel jụrụ. The kasị ewu ewu ụgbọ ala natara L-10, arụpụtara site "Landsverk". Ha nwere gwongworo abụọ, ọ bụla nke nwere ihe abụọ support rollers gara. N'aka nke ya, na-rollers rụrụ ejima ma a roba gbalaga. Adọkpụ otu nzukọ mgbodo ofu na ala nke n'akụkụ ahu ihe na nwere cushioning. The frontal agha nke igwe hà 24 mm. Si na ogwe aka na akụrụngwa nwere a 37 mm egbe ala "Bofors" arụpụtara projectile ebe dị anya nke 300 mita n'oge gara aga na 42 mm metal mpempe akwụkwọ, na a anya nke 1000 m - 28 mm mpempe akwụkwọ. Ọzọkwa, e nwere a egbe na 6.5 mm caliber.

Na 1934, "Landsverk" nyere ọhụrụ abụọ aghụghọ n'ihi ọzọ agha: tank L-100, nke nwere obere nke ha onwe ha ibu ibu, na e mere maka nyoputa onyeiro, nakwa dị ka L-60 - onye-nketa ka L-10, nke na mbụ e kwesịrị ịbụ exported, na n'ihi na Swedish agha zụrụ ole na ole mbụ nke igwe ndị a naanị na 1937. Tank L-60 bụ 15 mm akpaka egbe ala na agha 20 mm caliber.

Na 1939 ọ na-e kuchiri tank M-39, onwem na a ọkara akpaka égbè "Bofors" na a dayameta nke 37 mm na abụọ igwe egbe. The ụlọ elu nwere a ọhụrụ imewe.

Oge nke 1940s

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle Swedish tankị nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na mmepe nke tank mmepe na Sweden n'oge mee ka ahụmahụ nke German agha, nke na-amanye ndị Swedes idegharị echiche ya na tank ndị agha dị ka a dum.

Na 1942, usoro ihe omume e kwadoro na Sweden, iji na mmepe nke ndị agha na-enye na nguzobe nke atọ armored brigades. Na nke ọ bụla n'ime ha e kwesịrị ịbụ abụọ battalions. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgụ ugbo ala totaled 315 nkeji nke ìhè na 228 arọ.

Swedish ìhè tank m / 40K bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu na ndị agha nke a Scandinavian mba. The ụgbọ ala natara a mesikwuru nkwusioru na engines na mmepụta nke 160 horsepower. Frontal ndoputa bụ 50 mm na bead - 20 mm. E nwekwara ozi na Swedes jisiri nweta si German n'ibu nnyefe, yiri ndị na-eji na m / 39.

Swedish alaka tankị m / 41 nwekwara ama mesikwuru agha n'ihu na AFT òkè. Ụlọ elu ahụ a simplified Ọdịdị, ma n'otu oge ọzọ dị ike agha. All bughi mgbanwe mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị injinia na-dịkwuo ogologo nke ụlọ 65 mm ma dịkwuo mmanụ ụgbọala tank ike (site na 190 na 230 lita). -Atụle ga-ekwe omume nke na-eji a rụọ ọrụ nke ọma imewe nke welded ahu ihe na turret, ma e kpebiri na mmepụta nke reformatting ewe oge dị ukwuu, na na ọgwụgwụ nke a echiche a gbahapụrụ ya.

Swedish tankị m / 42 nwere a ibu hà 22,5 tọn. The-arụ ọrụ afọ anọ. Mesikwuru Usoro dị ka ogwe aka nwere 75-mm ejima egbe ala caliber igwe egbe, na abụọ 8 mm. The atọ egbe e n'ịnyịnya na N'ezie ọnọdụ. Na turret casing na-welded ọnụ na-nwere a streamlined udi. Ha na-aga na-eji ahụ a kpụrụ n'akụkụ ke frontal akụkụ. Agha ụgbọ ala ruru 55 mm (ụfọdụ isi mmalite na-ekwu na a na ọnụ ọgụgụ ruru ọbụna 80 mm). Engine na nnyefe e mere na ọtụtụ nsụgharị, nke natara ihe kwesịrị ekwesị na-akwụkwọ ozi koodu. Early ụdị nke tankị onwem na sọrọ propulsion usoro na ike nke 325 horsepower na nwere a ntuziaka nnyefe na electro-n'ibu akara. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị na ụgbọala malitere na-emepụta akpaka transmissions bụla nke engines. A obere ka e mesịrị na tankị malitere na-emepụta otu-engine arụpụtara "Volvo", ike nke nke, dị ka dị iche iche atụmatụ, pụrụ iru 380 na 410 horsepower. Ke adianade do, e nwere ebe a na akpaka nnyefe nke e jikọtara ọnụ.

N'agbanyeghị niile technical iche, niile tankị m / 42 nwere otu kacha ije ọsọ - 42 km / h.

Iche iche, ọtụtụ ụdị e anakọtara maka isi, ndị a na samples n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na inyeaka transceiver enwe a 70-watt transmitter. Ọ na-etinye na ntụpọ mba ọzọ mgbanwe igwe-egbe echichi, nke dochie ogwe quality deere layouts.

Na oge nke 1944-1945 isi pụtara ìhè ike nke Swedish armored agha iri na m / 42 igwe. Ndị a Swedish tankị, foto n'okpuru, ha karịrị nnọọ ha ụzọ na ogwe aka, na na nkesa nke ndi oru ugbo ọrụ. Ma, n'agbanyeghị ihe a dum, na n'etiti 1944 ụkpụrụ a bụ na ala nke mba na ndabere nke na-ajụ tankị mgbe ẹdude ụwa ụkpụrụ. Ya barreled egbe 75 mm n'obosara bụ nnọọ adighi ike n'ihi na ala mbụ ike ọsọ agha-Idupu projectile ụgbọ elu. Iji a ga-ahụ kwukwara, na nnọọ nsogbu ndị siri na pụrụ ịdabere: Chassis kara ngwa ngwa, ṅụbigara adiana usoro, jụrụ electromechanical nnyefe.

Pịnye onwe-propelled ogbunigwe

Na September 1941, isi nke Army mma mkpa maka mmepe na mmepụta nke onwe-propelled egbe. Ugbua na n'oge 1942, ule nke prototype echichi na tank Chassis m / 38 caliber egbe 74 mm egosiwo na mmepụta nke a nnọọ Ná ekwe direction.

Ọzọkwa ọrụ kpughere na ihe ndị kasị kacha bụ m / 41 Chassis. Na March 1943, ọ malitere mmepe nke onwe-propelled egbe na a egbe caliber 75 mm m / 02. N'otu afọ ule Pav m / 43 igwe e duziri, nke gosiri na nke kacha mma-pụtara 105mm howitzer.

Na 1944, onwe-propelled egbe e n'ime ọrụ akara Sav m / 43. Igwe ndị a nwere biiri Chassis m / 41 SII, na ebe turret ịcha igbe e debere, onwem na frontal agha 50 mm oké. Na ọrụ nke ngwaọrụ kwalitere egbe na a dayameta nke 75 mm. Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na 1945, anyị malitere ịgbanwe na caliber nke 105 mm. Ọgụ Kit bụ 43 ogbugba. Maka iji dị ka ihe wakpo ngwá agha ACS abịarubeghị nso, n'ihi na ọ bụ ọ dịghị egbe na chọrọ nchedo mgbochi tank egbe.

ndị agha oge

Swedish arọ tankị malitere mepụtara n'afọ 1949. Project ike a arọ na ike igwe KRV natara cipher. The mgbaru ọsọ kasịnụ nke ọrụ ahụ ike a arọ tank ọgụ ịdị arọ ya na-40-45 tọn.

Ná mmalite, dị ka isi ngwá atụle egbe 105, 120 na 155 mm. 155 mm caliber egbe ala bụ onye kasị akpali mmasị, ma ka jụrụ ya. Mgbe ọ nọrọ a ụfọdụ analysis, ndị agha kpebiri na 120-mm rifled egbe.

The ọmụmụ mere ka ndokwa na injinia kwenyesiri ike: na-enye chọrọ ibu na size nke tank dị mkpa ka ọ hapụ ihe niile ọ na-emebu ụlọ elu. Anyị na-atụle ihe kasị mma nhọrọ maka mgbanwe oscillating turret, bụ nke e dere nke abụọ n'akụkụ. The ala akụkụ ya e zubere ebe na-achụ. Ọ ga-abụ maka na kwụ nduzi ngwaọrụ. The elu akụkụ na-akpali na a vetikal ụgbọelu.

Ya mere, na ọhụrụ Swedish alaka nke tankị e mepụtara, e kpebiri ịzụta si France arọ tank AMX 50. Mgbe akafiakde ese ya nile atụmatụ, na Swedes ulo oru a oru ngo na-akpọ KRV Emil. The creators atụmatụ ịzụlite a elu, na-enwe niile dị mkpa na ngwá na akpaaka, nke mere na ọ dịghị ya mkpa ka onye. N'ezie, nke a obibia mere ka ihe isi ike, ma ka na-atọ variants nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu tank e mere.

The mbụ aka mmepụta nke igwe-erikpu n'etiti 28 tọn. Ihe nlereanya kwesịrị 5.8 mita ogologo, 2.6 mita n'obosara na 2,35 mita n'ịdị elu. Caliber Gun - 120 mm.

The n'ihu akụkụ nke tank ga-a ogige eden na-akwọ, nkezi na-ekenyela maka oscillating turret na kwado - n'okpuru engine-nnyefe ogige. The ụlọ elu nwere ịnabata onye agha na tank ọchịagha. The agha ndị dị n'akụkụ nke igwe na na ndepụta bụ 20 mm, na n'ihu akụkụ - 70 mm. The ụlọ elu a kwadebere n'ụzọ na njọ nchedo: ke n'ihu òkè 150 mm, n'akụkụ na azụ - 30 mm. Dvadtsativosmitonny tank bu n'obi iji kwadebe a dị ike engine 550 l. a.

The kasị akpali akụkụ nke igwe bụ ụlọ elu, nke nwere a swinging akụkụ. Ke adianade do, ya oke olu ụgwọ iji kwadebe na ngwá agha nanị autoloader. Na n'azụ ụlọ elu e zubere ebe abụọ drum, nke gaara shells, nakwa dị ka loading akara chambering na ọkọnọ nke mgbọ.

The abụọ version nke tank KRV Emil zubere iji a ọzọ dị ike egbe na oké agha. The n'ihu akụkụ nwere a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 145 mm, a bead - 60 mm. Ibu ígwè ọrụ e mụbara 38 tọn. The zubere ike nke engine bụ na a larịị nke 665 lita. a.

The atọ nhọrọ - kasị sie ike na truest uche nke okwu, n'ihi na igwe e kwesịrị itu 42 ise na nwere a 810 liter engine. a. Larịị nke nchebe na nke a nọgidere na otu na nke abụọ n'onwe nke tank.

Nwute n'ihi na Swedish agha, KRV Emil ngo ka e kpuwere ya ezi ihe. Nsogbu na mmepe na e kere eke nke a swinging ụlọ elu mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na Swedish agha kpebiri ịzụta mba ọzọ technology, otú ahụ tankị na British-mere na ogwe aka Sweden tupu mmalite nke 2000s.

tank Mbibi

Nri ụtụtụ Strv tank 103 bụ isi ọgụ unit nke Swedish armored agha na 1960. N'ezie, ọ bụghị otú ihe a tank, otú ọtụtụ fighter. Ọ na-nyere na a pụrụ iche okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu, nke na-egosipụta na-anọghị nke ulo-elu na ike compound ngwaọrụ na ikpe. Nduzi egbe ebu site adiana na nchepụta nke igwe ahu na nkwusioru. Ọzọkwa a bụ nke mbụ tank na mbara ala, nke na mgbakwunye na nke dizel e arụnyere na a gas tobaim engine.

The mgwo agha nke igwe - egbe nke 105 mm, atọ na igwe egbe 7,62 mm, onye -emegide ugbo elu egbe, abụọ bombu chetyrehstvolnyh. Isi engine bụ a dizel K-60 ike nke 240 lita. na, na nkwado -. "Boeing-502" ike nke 330 lita. a.

Ọzọkwa, tank nwere a oyiri njikwa dị AFT. N'ihi na nke a na e nwere na-emi odude a radio ọrụ nwekwara ike na-arụ ọrụ na igwe na-ebu ya na agbara ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.

Swedish oru ngo

Na 1997, ụlọ ọrụ na Hägglunds malitere ike ọhụrụ Swedish tank. Ngo natara koodu CV 90-120.

Nke a tank na-eji na-adabere na nke Chassis BMP C90. Ọzọkwa anyị kwukwara pụrụ iche ọgịrịga rigidity, nke kwere ka ịnọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike nke igwe mgbe firing nke 120 mm caliber egbe ala. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na nke a ọ na-dịtụ belata ike arụmọrụ.

Motor tank - 8-cylinder Scania unit amalite ike 640 l. s nnyefe ụgbọ ala -. Perkins X 300. Nke a na-enye ohere tank na a arọ ahụ nke 26 tọn na a full mgbọ mee ngwangwa 70 km / h. The jiometrị nke tracks na ala na kachasị ụgbọala na ụgbọala na a snowy n'elu. Ọkwọ ụgbọala nwere ike iji atọ telescopic ngwaọrụ ikiri ebe.

Swedish-adịghị ahụ anya CV90120 tank nwere akpaka ndepụta shells na odori usoro. The igwe nwere ike ime ka 14 agba kwa nkeji. Mgbọ shells 45. The egbe na-onwem na a pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ, ndinịm absorption nke dapụtara anwụrụ ọkụ mgbe ogbugba.

Automatic draịva na-ekwe ka ụlọ elu ịrụ a okirikiri adiana na-akpali ngwá na nso nke - 8 ka +22 degrees. The shooter nwere ikike iji a laser rangefinder, ezubere iche ngwaọrụ, a thermal imager.

The invisibility nke tank na-nyere na ngwa Adaptiv masking usoro na-arụ ọrụ na infrared nso.

The mpụta Adaptiv - efere na isii angles. Dị otú ahụ na bughi atụmatụ tank bụghị naanị na ọ na-aghọ na-apụghị ịhụ na onye iro ma ike n'ịwa na-akpọ ụgha phantom, nke "na-adọrọ" ngwá electronic. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, na igwe sprays na aerosol ígwé ojii gburugburu onwe ha, nke na-eme ndị invisibility ihuenyo maka karịa nkeji abụọ. The ike nke ndị mejupụtara bụ hà 300 lita.

Nyere na ụgbọala na-electronic nchedo, nke ga-eme ka a mara na-arụ ọrụ na ha bụ ọgụgụ isi unit. Mgbe na ọ bụ omume dị ka a kpọmkwem mbibi nke hụrụ nkà, na jamming.

ọgwụgwụ

A nyochaa a nchịkọta nke Swedish tankị. Modern technology na-adịghị ada ka, na akporo nke agbachitere ụlọ ọrụ bụ sokwa. Tankị nke taa - elu-tech igwe na pụrụ ịkpali ngwa ngwa ịchọpụta na-ebibi ndị iro.