Tank "Challenger 2" nkọwa nke imewe, àgwà, nchedo agha, ngwá agha

Challenger 2 bụ nke mbụ British agha tank si Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, nke e mere, mepụtara na-emepụta site n'ọbụ ngo Vickers Defense Systems. Ihe nlereanya e kere na-emepụta na ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ụlọ mmepụta ihe, Barnbow (Leeds) na Scottswood (Newcastle).

Key Atụmatụ

Ahu na akụkụ na-dabeere na nlereanya nke ya ụzọ Challenger 1, nke agbanweela ihe karịrị 150 ndozi iji na rụọ ọrụ ndị pụrụ ịdabere na maintainability (tank foto na-egosi mgbe e mesịrị na isiokwu a). Tower "Challenger 2" nweela a kpam kpam ọhụrụ imewe. Nke a bụ ihe kasị echebe armored NATO, onwem na mma version nke na-amanye chobemskoy multilayer agha. System nke nuclear, ndu na chemical nchedo NBC pụrụ isi chebe megide niile mara egwu, na bụ nke mbụ British tank, nke ndi oru ugbo nkewa nwere ike na-ewe iwe na mma.

Isi mgwo agha mejupụtara a 120mm rifled egbe L30, akpaka egbe 7.62mm McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems, nke bụ na-ama na ọrụ ke British Army na n'elu a ígwè ọgụ ụgbọala GKN Defense Warrior, na 7,62 mm-emegide ugbo elu igwe egbe. The ọkụ akara usoro bụ a digital kọmputa bụ a Canadian ụlọ ọrụ na CDC bụ mma version nke nlereanya guzosie ike site na American M1A1 Abrams. Ọ nwere nwere maka ọdịnihu mgbasa, dị ka ejikọta a ọgụ ọmụma akara usoro na igodo ngwaọrụ. Arụ ọrụ "Challenger 2" bụ 4, na ndị agha ya arọ bụ 62,5 m. The tank bụ enwe ike ịzụlite karịa okporo ụzọ ọsọ nke 56 km / h na nwere a idobere nke 250 km n'okporo ụzọ na okporo ụzọ 450 km.

nlereanya akụkọ ihe mere eme

Challenger 2 oru ngo na-agụnye mmepe na mmepụta nke 386 isi agha tankị (MBT), 22 ugbo ala maka ọzụzụ ọkwọ ụgbọala, shells Amara 3 na a full ngwugwu nke logistical support, tinyere ọzụzụ ngwá na akụkụ ahụ mapụtara.

ụlọ ọrụ "Vickers" bụ isi ngo. The ụlọ ọrụ malitere ọrụ na tank na November 1986 dị ka a onwe ụlọ ọrụ, na obere oge, na March 1987, a UK Ministry of Defense ka osụk mbụ sample. Na February 1988, ngo osụk a iwu amaghị. Na December 1988 a mara ọkwa na VDS merie 90 nde nkwekọrịta maka ngosipụta na-adọ, nke kere ruo September 1990 September 30, 2002 na ụlọ ọrụ dechara nnweta nke Alvis Vickers. VDS arụmọrụ e jikọrọ ya Alvis Vehicles Ltd. Iji rite uru na-nketa na aha nke abụọ ụlọ ọrụ, e kpebiri aha ọhụrụ ụlọ ọrụ Alvis Vickers Ltd. Ọ na-e ekemende enwetara site Bae Systems na-etolite a ọhụrụ Land Systems nkewa, n'otu Alvis na RO Defense.

Na June 1991, ndị UK ọchịchị kpebiri iji na-azụta a Challenger 2 ma dọba ihe iji maka ego nke 520 nde. Pound kwa 127 nkeji nke VLT na 13 ọzụzụ tankị. Production malitere na 1993, na mbụ mbipụta na-anapụta ke July 1994. New British tankị na-emepụta na VDS ụlọ mmepụta ihe na Leeds na Newcastle. Na mmepụta usoro nwekwara gụnyere ihe karịrị 250 subcontractors (na t. H. Foreign). N'etiti ha, Royal Ordnance (isi na nke sekọndrị, mgwo agha) kasị dị ịrịba ama, Blair Catton (tracks) na GEC-Marconi (usoro nduzi).

British armored ugbo ala na-achọ ihe ọzọ modernization. Na July 1994, VDS natara ọzọ ka ọkọnọ nke 259 ọgụ na 9 ọzụzụ igwe, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ọzụzụ na logistical support. The nkwekọrịta uru dịrị 800 nde pound.

Ngosipụta ISRD pụrụ ịdabere ẹkenịmde ke January 1999. Ọ na-ada ebe September ka December 1998 na aka ule 12 MBT landfills Bovington na Lulworth Bindon. The ule ndị ọma, ie. A. tankị bụghị nanị na-eme ihe ndị a chọrọ nke ndị ahịa, ma karịrị ha n'ihe niile.

Na January 1998, Royal Scots Dragoon-eche ha nche na Germany, nke mbụ nke isii armored regiments malitere na ogwe aka CR2 na bụ 38th na June 1998. deliveries nọgidere na site na njedebe nke 2000. Onye ọ bụla nke isii armored regiments na-n'ụzọ zuru ezu kwadebere n'ụzọ na MBT ya ngwugwu nke logistical support. Ikpeazụ 386 tank "Challenger 2" e eze nye na a ememe na Salsibury Plain September 17, 2002.

Mbịne nke abụọ set nke ụdị kpata mmụta - si mfe mgbidi chaatị dị iche iche na kọmputa simulators Gunners. Ọzọkwa na-enye ọzụzụ na ihe nkwado nke Royal Engineers ịrụzi agha ka aka na nchọpụta nsogbu, ule, mmezi, mmezi na nlekota usoro arụmọrụ.

Gbapụ 6 regiments nke Royal armored agha na United Kingdom na Germany MBT "Challenger 2" gara Bosnia na Kosovo, inwe na Canada, Oman na Poland. N'oge ule na omume ha tụkwasịwo lekwasịrị pụrụ ịdabere index. British tankị tinyere aka na ime "Iraqi Freedom."

Na July 2004, ndị UK Ministry of Defense mara ọkwa banyere atụmatụ bee 7 armored squadrons (banyere 100 nkeji) na March 2007 na na ntughari nke ihe armored nyoputa onyeiro ndi agha. "Challenger 2E" ihe nlereanya e mepụtara maka mbupụ na e mere iji ịrụ aga-eme na aka ike na gburugburu. The tank nwalere ọtụtụ ke Greece, Qatar na Saudi Arabia.

ọhụrụ na ngwá agha

Ná mmalite afọ 2004 Bae Systems natara a nkwekọrịta ịzụlite a 120-mm smoothbore egbe. N'okpuru nkwekọrịta, ndị tank "Challenger 2" ga-onwem na Rheinmetall L55 egbe, eji na MBT "agụ owuru 2A6", na January 2006 malitere ya ule.

Ballistic ngwá dị ka German 120mm L55, ma e nwere ike externally dabara n'ime ohere mbụ ji site L30. Ugbu ngwá agha na-echekwa rifled egbe ala ku n'aka gbọmgbọm kpọgide mwekota housings, gas tinyekwa usoro na na itinye n'ọnọdụ axis nke egbe anya axis. Mgbe ule na Germany dị ka ngwá nwalere na a static eletrik n'ịnyịnya na Chassis nke MBT "agha" ke ufọt ufọt 2005, na mgbe e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, e mesịrị ike n'ime "Challenger 2". Nke a modernization kwere ka British tankị e ji 120-mm mgbọ NATO ọkọlọtọ. Static firing ule e duziri na a dịgasị iche iche nke nzube ihe-agha-Idupu projectiles nke 120 mm Rheinmetall DM53 APFSDS na a ot isi. Ha gosiri na DM53 mgbọ nwere mma e ji mara karịa aga 120-mm depleted uranium.

The Gulf War

"Challenger" zụtara maka British Army mgbe Shah nke Iran a kwaturu na iji e-egbochi. Ọ e kere na isi nke tank, "onyeisi", ma, ọ bụ ọtụtụ ihe ngwa ngwa, mma agha ma na-echebe, ọ bụ ezie na ọ tara ahụhụ si na ogbenye ọkụ akara usoro. "Challenger" o kwere ka ime nke ugbua na British Army maka 10 afọ tupu zubere. The igwe e mere maka desert, ma ọ bụghị na-enwe ohere igosi na ha n'ihu ndị Gulf War.

The ụlọ ọrụ "Vickers" amịtaghị niile tankị, ma naanị ikpeazụ ndi agha. "Challenger" na-emepụta na ala ROF factory na Leeds, nke n'ihu privatization e renamed ndị Royal Ordnance. Vickers zụrụ ya tupu ihe iji e enịm n'ihi na mmepụta nke 7th ndi agha.

Onwem na a 120-mm egbe L11 A5, nanị na-adịghị ike mgbe nke "Challenger" bụ ọkụ ya akara usoro, nke e kwalite na Gulf War. Egbe ala pụrụ imebi 400 mm agha na ibibi ihe ọ bụla Russian tank na-akpa hit. Fọrọ nke nta niile nke armored ugbo ala na Iraq na-emepụta Russia, na "Challenger" pụrụ n'ụzọ dị mfe ịnagide ya. Na oke ikuku nkwado, ọnụ na Arabic, French na American allies tankị enweghị ọtụtụ nsogbu mebiri site agbachitere Republican Nche. "Challenger" ini ọrụ "Desert Oké Ifufe", bụ-eji elu-agbawa agbawa squash isi na a aba nso, t. Iji. Armored nchedo Iraqi igwe ke izute Russian ụkpụrụ, na oriri nke ndị ọzọ dị ike, ma na-erughị ogologo nso ngwá agha ga- n'efu.

Tower na ụlọ

The akụkụ nke tank elu 8,3h3,52h2,49 m ogologo na a egbe bụ hà 11,57 m tank ejisie a-arụ ọrụ nke 4 mmadụ: .. Ọchịagha, onye agha, onye na-akwọ na Loader. Ọ na-enye a elu, irè, na-abụghị nkwụsị ọgụ ike. etubom bụ ebe aka nri na na-onwem na 8 periscope na-amụba 1x na 360 Celsius ikiri. Na ịpị red button n'okpuru otu n'ime ha na-eduga ná elu ije ma na-eme ihe kwesịrị ekwesị ọnọdụ. Onye agha na-anọdụ n'ihu na n'okpuru ọchịagha na Loader na ekpe. Ebe ahụ Loader na-onwem na a periscope. The ụgbọala tagzi dị n'ihu nke tank.

agha

Isi mgwo agha nke "Challenger 2" - 120mm rifled tank egbe L30 mepụtara a nkewa nke Royal ikpé British Aerospace Ltd Company na Nottingham. L30 imewe na-agụnye a chrome mkpuchi, na-eke a ike na-eji ire ụtọ n'ime n'elu. Ọ na-enye ubara ọsọ na Ya mere, ndị na-abami ike nke projectile, izi ezi ka ukwuu ma na-ebelata gbọmgbọm eyi. Egbe ala tank mere nke igwe anaghị agba nchara electroslag agbaze na thermal gwara mmanụ casing. Ọ na-nyere na a usoro axis itinye n'ọnọdụ na ngwa anya axis nke n'anya na-agbapụta n'ahụ, haruru si gbọmgbọm. The ụlọ elu nwere ike na-agba gburugburu site na 360 Celsius, na a vetikal firing nso si -10 Celsius ka + 20 Celsius.

The usoro nke nchọpụta na mbibi nke zaa mere maka ala nke iji na ọgụ ọnọdụ. Ọ bụ dị iche iche maka static na-akpụ akpụ zaa n'oge ụbọchị ma ọ bụ n'abalị. Onye agha ma ọ bụ na ọchịagha nke sighting akara aligns na nzube, pịa na button nke laser nso Finder, na mgbe - na ọkụ button.

L30 oku 120-mm mgbọ. Mgbọ bụ 50 nkeji, na pụrụ ịgụnye agha Idupu projectiles na a stabilizer na a kemwepu tree (APFSDS), ihe-agha-ịkpọpu mgbawa (HESH) ma ọ bụ anwụrụ ọkụ. The egbe nwekwara ike na-agba projectiles na a isi nke depleted uranium (du) na a firing ụgwọ Shestov. The njupụta nke depleted uranium bụ banyere 2.5 ugboro elu karịa nke ígwè, nke na-enye a elu penetration ike. Na Du L30 bụ akụkụ nke "egbe ala-shei-ndebe» Amara 1. A usoro dị ka amara 3, ebe isi nke depleted uranium nwere a ukwuu n'ogologo n'obosara ruru dịkwuo abami ike. Mgbọ na iche iche loading echekwara n'okpuru turret mgbaaka na armored tankị.

egbe na-ejikwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu electric usoro nke nduzi na stabilization ụlọ ọrụ GEC Marconi Rada na Defense Systems (Leicester). Tank "Challenger 2" na-onwem na 7,62 mm akpaka egbe ala McDonnell Douglas, bụ nke dị n'aka ekpe nke isi egbe. Nchaji ekpe njikere 7.62mm antiaircraft igwe egbe ụdị L37A2, n'elu dome.

Na abụọ nke n'ihu nke ụlọ elu dị 5 anwụrụ ọkụ bombu ụlọ ọrụ Helio Mirror (Kent, UK). "Challenger 2" nwekwara ike guzosie ike a anwụrụ ọkụ ihuenyo site n'ịgbanye mmanụ dizel n'ime iyuzucha usoro nke engine.

The tank na-onwem na a ọkọlọtọ agha data ụgbọ ala Military Standard 1553. The ọkụ akara kọmputa bụ a digital Mgbakọ ngwaọrụ Computing Devices Company (Ontario, Canada). Ọ nwere ike na-akp, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ozi usoro agha, igodo na ọzụzụ usoro.

Ke 2004 Bae Systems natara a nkwekọrịta ịzụlite a 120-mm smoothbore egbe. Iji mezuo nke a, ndị German ụlọ ọrụ Rheinmetall L55 egbe nyere samples, setịpụrụ na "agụ owuru 2A." naanị otu sample a kwadebere, nke a nwalere na January 2006 Tungsten DM53 gosiri na ya ka nrụpụta karịa Amara 3 Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ya, mmejuputa iwu-mkpa ịgbanwe usoro "ngwá agha projectile-elekọta ọrụ".

sensọ

Gyro-Nọsi'ike n'anya ọchịagha na bụ a nlereanya VS 580-10 ụlọ ọrụ SFIM Industries (France). The elu unit VS 580, nwere a gyro Nọsi'ike panoramic anya na ngwá electronic, na-n'elu ụlọ elu ahụ. Rangefinder laser dabeere na nd: YAG na-agbakwunyere na n'etiti nzukọ na ejikọta elu òkè na ala telescopic nzukọ nke mejupụtara ihe ngwa anya nlekota oru usoro, ntuziaka akara, ngwá electronic, na usoro stabilization. Sight na-enye a okirikiri ubi nke na-ele na-enweghị na-atụgharị isi ya. elele nso ukpụhọde bụ ± 35 Celsius. Ubi nke na-ele Gbasara Anya hà 3,2x 16,5 Celsius, ma na-amụba 10,5h - 5 Celsius.

The imager TOGS II of Pilkington Optronics (Glasgow, UK) na-enye abalị ọhụụ. Ọ na-eji British TICM 2. The imager mmetụta arụnyere n'ime armored barbettes n'elu egbe ala. Microcomputer Compressor na-enye obi jụrụ gas cylinder ihe mmetụta. Na thermal image karịrị nnọchianya nke sighting mark, na usoro ọnọdụ ọmụma. Kwes image na onye na-abawanye nke 4 ma ọ bụ 11,5h ngosipụta na ngwaọrụ onye agha na ọchịagha, nakwa dị ka ha meziri enweghị magnification.

Anyị nwere isi onye agha n'anya arụpụtara site Pilkington Optronics. Ọ mejupụtara a ahu na ihe nnyocha ọwa isi unit na a Nọsi'ike sighting mirror 4 Hz laser nso Finder na a ileba anya na a monocular. Rangefinder na a wavelength nke 1,064 microns nwere a nso si 200 m na 10 km. The ziri ezi bụ ± 5 m na 30 m na ịmata. Shooter nwekwara onwem na reversible ngwa anya telescopic n'anya L30 Nanoquest, n'ịnyịnya coaxially na egbe.

Akwọ ụgbọala oche na-onwem na a n'ezinụlọ periscope Pilkington Optronics. Ọ na-eji a abalị ọhụụ ngwaọrụ. N'ihi na nke a n'abalị na nke tank bụ ike nke na-eru gbapụrụ ọsọ tụnyere n'ehihie, na-enweghị iji mụọ ọkụ.

Onye agha na imager jikọọ na ọkụ akara na kọmputa site na a data ụgbọ ala Military Standard 1553.

"Challenger 2": a tank agha

Photo tank n'ime nyere n'elu. na ndi oru ugbo ọchịagha na-arụnyere na n'elu ụlọ nke panoramic anya na iche na ịpị a button, dapụtara na adiana nke ụlọ elu, mgbe ogwe ga-akpaghị aka na-kwuru na lekwasịrị. Onye agha na-ewe management nke lekwasịrị na-agụnye a laser rangefinder na ọkụ button maka ngwaahịa ogbugba. N'oge a, ndị tank ọchịagha nwere ike ịchọpụta na-weghachi n'anya ọzọ lekwasịrị. Abụọ ndị a na nzube na-echekwara na a digital ọku akara kọmputa. Mgbe shot na ọkụkụ ndị mbụ lekwasịrị Ọchịagha presses na button, na ụlọ elu a na-akpata nke abụọ mgbaru ọsọ na shot-akpaghị aka. N'ihi nke a na usoro na tank na ọgụ amụbawo firepower n'ụzọ dị irè na ngwa ngwa ọkụkụ lekwasịrị.

ule

"Challenger 2" e ọma na-anwale na British Army na Royal Army nke Oman. All na-arụ ọrụ parameters na t. H. Ngwá agha usoro pụrụ ịdabere na robustness e enweta. Atụmatụ chobemskoy agha e enen ke N'ezie nke ya oditi na oge a na mgbochi tank ngwá agha. The ule pụta bụ zuru nchekwa nke ulo-elu, na ikike iduzi a ngwá agha aiming usoro na-eme ka gbaa.

mbanye

Tank "Challenger 2" na-onwem na a 12-cylinder dizel engine ike nke 1200 l. a. nke Perkins Engines (Shropshire, UK). Nnyefe - David Brown TN54 ụkpụrụ na 6 na-atụ na abụọ reverse Kwadobe. Speed tank esịmde 59 km / h na nkezi anya-ụzọ - 40 km / h. Na-agba ọsọ idobere bụ 450 km site n'okporo ụzọ na 250 km nke cross-mba.

nchekwa

Imewe nke tank "Challenger 2" na-akwụ pụrụ iche anya ka ndị nchekwa nke ndi oru ugbo na survivability nke igwe. The ụlọ elu na-onwem na abụọ agha chobemskoy ọgbọ, nke na-enye ubara iguzogide penetration nke mgbochi tank shells. The tank na-echebe site na mmetụta nke nuclear, ndu na chemical ngwá agha na enyemaka dị na turret NBC nchedo usoro a na pressurized ẹdụk ikuku. Electronics na-echebe site na a nuclear akpa usu.

Movement nke egbe turret na-emepụta ihe electric kama haịdrọlik actuator. Nke a eliminates ize ndụ ndị a na-agbawa nke elu nsogbu hoses na-arụ ọrụ nkewa. Nchekwa nke mgbọ dị n'okpuru ulo-elu na-enye na-erughị ngwangwa karịa ya n'azụ akụkụ.

Tank mere na stealth technology na-ebenata ya Rada mbinye aka.