The ala ọnọdụ nke Urals: kpọmkwem na peculiarities

Dị ka akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma, na Ural Mountains na a usoro na-ekewa ndị East European na West Siberia mbara ọzara. Ogologo ya karịa 2,000 kilomita, na dị ka ụfọdụ ndị si, ọ bụ ọbụna karịa 2500 km (Mugodzhary nyere àmà nke dị n'ebe ndịda na Pai-Khoi n'ebe ugwu). The obosara nke ugwu bụ 40-200 km.

General e ji mara

The Ural Mountains nwere n'etiti ndị kasị ochie na mbara ala. Ọ bụ ya mere na ha na-ala karịa Andes ma ọ bụ Tibet. Age Urals nwere ihe karịrị 600 nde afọ. N'oge a kama ogologo oge n'okpuru nduzi nke mmiri ozuzo, na ifufe na mbuze ridges ama nnoo ebibi. The ala ọnọdụ nke Urals bụ kpọmkwem dị ka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na aku na uba na echiche. Ma ndị ọzọ na na n'okpuru. The ebe dị ọgaranya minerals, na-hụrụ ego nke ọla kọpa, titanium, magnesium, mmanụ, coal, bauxite, na ndị ọzọ. Na ngụkọta, e nwere ihe isii ndị ọkà mmụta pụrụ iche nke ores na mineral.

History of chọpụtara

Dị ka ukara akụkọ ihe mere eme, na Ural Mountains e chọpụtara n'oge ochie. N'otu oge ahụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ezo aka ihe ndekọ banyere ha na odide Grik. Ha na-ekwu nke ugwu Rhipaean (ma ọ bụ Riphaeus) Imaus na Hyperborean. Taa ọ gaghị ekwe omume iji chọpụta ihe nke Urals ọkà mmụta sayensị kwuru Rome na Gris oge ochie, n'ihi na ha akụkọ n'ụba ji ekpuchi dị iche iche na akụkọ ifo, akụkọ na-emeghị, na ọbụna chara akụkọ ifo. Ha onwe ha mgbe n'ebe ndị a, ma nụrụ banyere ha si atọ ọnụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na i kweere na akụkọ na-emeghị nke ndị bi na Urals, ndị biri na n'ókèala a ogologo oge tupu ndị ịrị elu nke oge ochie Greece. Mgbe e mesịrị Arab isi mmalite agwa banyere mba Yugra, ebe ndị mmadụ bi Jurassic. Ọzọkwa na Urals ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu na nkowa mba ndị dị ka Bulgaria, Visa, Yajuji, Ma'jooj na ndị ọzọ. Na niile Arab na isi mmalite na-ekwu na ndị a n'ókèala bi a nnọọ ọkụ ha, ha na-emechi ndị njem. Ke adianade do, ha na-ekwu banyere ihu igwe siri ike nke mba ndị a, nke nwekwara ike-tụgharịrị na ihu ọma nke Urals. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị ihe ndị a mere, ndị Arab ahịa na-enuga n'ebe a dị ka ijiji na mmanụ aṅụ, na nke a bụ n'ihi na ụba nke furs, nakwa dị ka nnu. Ngwaahịa ndị a nwere ike na-akpọ isi ego nke Middle Ages, ha hotara ọ na-erughị oké ọnụ ahịa na nkume na ọla-edo. Russian isi mmalite na-ekwu na, ebe ọ bụ na 12-13 ọtụtụ narị afọ, ndị a dị anyị ndị ọsụ ụzọ, bụ ndị nyere aha a obodo ugwu nkume. Ma ebe ọ bụ na narị afọ nke 17 na a ìhè n'aka V. Tatishchev ha na-mara dị ka Urals.

Europe ma ọ bụ Asia

Ugbu a, ka anya na ihe bụ obodo ọnọdụ nke Urals. Nke a riiji bụ ot ókè-ala n'etiti Europe na Asia, abụọ kasị owuwu nke Ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ, nakwa dị ka kasị buo ibu ọdọ mmiri. The ala ọnọdụ nke Urals pụrụ nnọọ iche, o nwere ike jiri ya tụnyere ihe Great Wall nke China, na a mgbidi wuru site na okike. O kewara ndị na-eguzogide omenala: n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ mentalities. Ọ bụ ezie na nke a bụrụ na ọ bụ ike ikpebi nke bịara mbụ. Ma "nkume ákwà mgbochi" mmasị kwere ka na-eto eto abụọ n'ubi, na-echebe ha onye ọ bụla ọzọ, ma ọ bụ ma ndị mmadụ na-eji nwere a nkịtị akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkà ihe ọmụma na ụkpụrụ, na mgbe e mesịrị nke European Afrika e doro ihe e n'èzí mmetụta, na fundamentally gbanwere ihe niile. All ụkpụrụ tụgharịa isi n'ala: na-acha ọcha bụ nwa na nwa - acha ọcha ... Na nke a, ndị kasị ochie log zọpụta Oriental ndị si mpụga iro n'ihi na oge ịbụ. Otú ọ dị, a globalized ụwa, ọ dịghị nkume mgbochi ga-akwụsị "onye kwuo uche ụkpụrụ" na Liberalism amanye site European omenala. Dị ka ọ na-ekwu na advertisement? Ọ bụrụ na ị na-adịghị eji ntụ ntụ "Njupụta," mgbe ahụ anyị na-aga gị? .. ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, ndị pụrụ iche obodo ọnọdụ nke Urals bụghị naanị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na aku na uba ndabere, ma nwekwara omenala.

ku n'aka nke ndị dị iche

Ural region site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke obodo, ndị bi na, nakwa dị ka aku na uba na ike ugbu a weere abụọ nanị ndị Central. The ala ọnọdụ nke Urals mee ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ ghọrọ a eke n'ókè ọtụtụ migratory ebili mmiri. N'ihi ya, Russian nchọpụta, na-akpụ akpụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, na-agbalị anya n'ihi na ala-na-na-agha ụgha ebe na mfe gafee na "Stone echebe Mmadụ" na steppe iche iche si Asian akụkụ nke Afrika, na-achọ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na-eche ihu na a na-eke ihe mgbochi na-aga gburugburu ya site n'ebe ndịda. Na ọtụtụ n'ime ha ọbụna biri na ụkwụ nke Ural Ugwu. Nke a na-akọwa agbụrụ di iche iche nke mpaghara. Urals ghọrọ ku n'aka ọtụtụ mba. Ọ bụ ndị si n'ebe niile North Eurasia chụgara iche iche nke Ural-Yukaghir asụsụ ezinụlọ. Today na-adịkwaghị Russian bi - 80%, ma na Ural region bụkwa n'ụlọ ndị Bashkirs, Tatars, Udmurt, Chuvash, Mordovian, Mari, Komi-Permian, na ndị ọzọ.

Anya na map

Economic na obodo ọnọdụ nke Urals bụ ihe pụrụ iche, dị ka ọ na-emi odude na ókè-ala nke mmepe (European) akụkụ nke Afrika na akụrụngwa (ọwụwa anyanwụ). N'ihi ya, n'ógbè bụ atuhiworo web nke okporo ụzọ, ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, paịpụ na ike e. All ndị a na okporo ụzọ ejikọta Urals na Volga mpaghara, na Volga-Vyatka na West Siberia na mpaghara nke mba anyị, na-na Kazakhstan. Ọ ga-aghọta na ebe nke Ural Ugwu na Ural region bụ abụchaghị otu. Ka anyị hụ ihe ga-aghọta. Dị ka ihe atụ, ugwu àmà Subpolar na Polar mpaghara na-agunyeghi na ya mejupụtara, ma ọ bụghị na Piedmont mbara ọzara Urals (a bụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ onu nke East European Plain) na Trans (ọdịda anyanwụ ihu West Siberia Plain).

All-Russian smithy

Ural bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ ebe nke na Ngwuputa ụlọ ọrụ nke ụwa anyị. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya, n'ihi na e nwere ego nke dị oké ọnụ ahịa na ọkara dị oké ọnụ ahịa na nkume, alexandrite na aquamarine, garnets na sapphire, emeralds na rubi, topaz na nkume kristal, malachite na jed. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ mkpọda nke Ural Mountains, nke na-anọchi anya ya igneous nkume, bara ọgaranya nke ukwuu na a dịgasị iche iche nke ore mineral. Ya mere, ekele n'ọhia nke na-abụghị ferrous na ferrous ọla na-pawned na mepụtara ụlọ ọrụ nke Urals. Ọla kọpa, ígwè, chromium, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, zinc ore, platinum, gold - ọ bụghị a zuru ezu ndepụta nke eke larder, lekwasị ndị a bụ ugwu ugwu. Ọ ga-kwuru na geographically Ural riiji nwere ike kere n'ime ise n'akụkụ. Ka anyị tụlee enyocha onye ọ bụla n'ime ha.

The ala ọnọdụ nke Polar Urals

Nke a na akụkụ nke ugwu dị na Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug na Komi Republic. Ókè-ala na mpaghara na-aga site isi ike, nke na-kewapụrụ ọdọ mmiri Ob (ọwụwa anyanwụ) na Pechora (ọdịda anyanwụ). Stoke ugwu mkpọda akaụntụ maka Baidarata Bay Arctic Ocean. Na Polar Urals na-adịkwaghị ugwu na a elu nke 800-1200 m, na kasị elu n'ebe ah u (Ugwu Payer) iru 1,500 m. N'eziokwu, ya si malite, ebe a na-ewe a ala n'elu Konstantinov Kamen (ngụkọta 492 m). ugwu na-eme nnọọ na a southerly direction - ruo 1350 m Oke elu nke na-elekwasị anya n'ebe ndịda (banyere 65 Celsius N ..), e adahade n'elu nke People (1894 m.) - kasị elu mgbe dum Urals.

Na otu ohere Polar Ural budata gbasaa - ruo 125 km - na etịbede elu n'ime 5-6 yiri ridges. N'ebe ndịda nke ebe a anya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na ntụziaka nke Pechora kpaliri Sabre ugwu (1425 m).

polar Urals

Malite site na ebe n'usoro Sabre na njedebe vertex Konzhakovskiy Kamen, nke ịdị elu ya bụ 1569 m. Dum nke akụkụ a gbatịrị kpọmkwem tinyere meridian na 59 Celsius. w., nke na-ekpebi ya obodo ọnọdụ. Polar Urals mejupụtara tumadi nke abụọ longitudinal ridges. East bụ a Watershed, ọ na-mara dị ka Poyasovoy Stone. West Ridge mara maka a abụọ-gawa n'ugwu Telpos-esi, ma ọ bụ Nkume nke Ifufe. Ya elu bụ 1617 m. Alpine landforms na Polar Urals adịghị nkịtị, ọtụtụ ndị ọnụ ọnụ nwere a dome udi.

The ala ọnọdụ nke Middle Urals

Nke a na ebe e ji kasị ala ọnụ ọnụ. Ọ dị n'agbata 59 na 56 degrees ugwu ohere. Nditịm ugwu-n'ebe ndịda gbatia nke ugwu belt na-anọchi ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ọnụ na South, Sredniy Ural ibu Nleta ihe aak na convex chere ihu n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, encloses Ufimskoe ala dị larịị (Eastern Russian protrusion ikpo okwu). Ya n'ebe ugwu ókè na-atụle ugwu Konzhakovsky Nkume na Kosvinsky Kamen, na n'ebe ndịda - ugwu Utah (Chelyabinsk region). Ná nkezi, ha dị elu adịghị gafere 800 mita. Site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ugwu nke Middle Urals n'akụkụ ugwu ugwu Urals. Na nke a climatically mma region ka nwoke karịa Polar. Ebe a ogologo na ọkụ summers. The nkezi okpomọkụ na July na n'ebe di ala ala nke 16-18 Celsius. The ụkwụ nke ugwu na n'ebe ugwu kpuchie ndịda apịtị, na n'ebe ndịda - ọhịa-steppe.

Yuzhnyy Ural

The peculiarity nke mpaghara a bụ na ebe a na ugwu na-eto budata ọzọ. Dị ka ihe atụ, n'elu Iremel adahade 1582 m, na idi-elu Yamanatau - 1640 m Obodo South Ural agụnye. Ridge sitere site n'elu jurmala ugwu ohere na-emekọ na òkè nke Ural River ndịda. Nkerisi riiji Uraltau gbanwere n'ime ihe easterly direction. Ebe a na-achịkwa n'etiti enyemaka ụdị. Nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ axial òkè-aga n'ime Zauralskaya, na a curved ala ndagwurugwu. The idụhe bụ ọkụ karịa n'etiti. Summer bụ akọrọ na-ekpo ọkụ ifufe. The nkezi okpomọkụ na July na n'ebe di ala ala nke 20-22 Celsius.

Ná mmechi

Specificity nke ala ọnọdụ nke Urals bụ na ọ dabeere na ókè nke ala Asian na European akụkụ nke mba anyị. Ke adianade do, atụmatụ nke geological mmepe nke a riiji metụtara ahụkebe richness nke ya ịnweta ego. A ukwuu, elu-elu mpaghara, ihe dị iche n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Urals, na dị iche iche ntụziaka nke mmepe na mpaghara a nke dịgasị iche iche nke aku na uba na eke odida obodo ebe.