The ihe okwu "karst abaitiat." Gịnị ka ọ bụ?

Gịnị bụ nzube nke okwu "karst ọgba"? Olee ihe mere ndị a mara mma eke saịtị? Azịza ajụjụ ndị a nwere ike dị na isiokwu a. Ke adianade do, ebe a anyị na-depụta ụwa fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ abaitiat (foto nke ala cavities dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ). Nnọọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha odude ke United States.

Cave - ya ... The pụtara okwu "karst ọgba"

Ndị a ala cavities kemgbe oge ochie na-eje ozi dị ka a n'ụlọ maka ụmụ anụmanụ na oge ochie ndị mmadụ. Ha zoo ha si oyi, na anụ anụ. Ọ bụ na-akpali na n'ọgba ahuru bụghị naanị na Earth, ma na Ọnwa, Mars. Chọpụta maka mmalite nke ihe okwu "karst abaitiat."

Nkebi okwu a na-emi esịnede abụọ akụkụ: a "ọgba" na "kras".

• Cave - bụ ihe ọ bụla na nzuzo oghere bụ nke eke si malite.
• Karst - bụ ma a usoro na n'ihi ihe ahụ na-arịa ọrịa (mgbasa) nke ụfọdụ nkume ike ike (chemical mejupụtara) ala.

Okwu ahụ bụ "Karst" na-ewepụtara German okwu ma ọ bụ karst, ma ọ bụ na aha nke ala dị larịị na Slovenia (Kras), ebe ndị a na-emere onwe na-karịsịa.

Gịnị bụ a karst ọgba?

Nke a na ụdị ọgba bụ ihe kasị nkịtị n'etiti ndị niile ọzọ ala cavities. Gịnị bụ a karst ọgba na otú ọ kpụrụ?

E nwere isi ihe abụọ na nkọwa. Dị ka a na mbụ, a eke oghere (adabaghi) na elu jikọrọ ọnụ, nke e jikọtara ya na ya n'elu otu ma ọ bụ karịa ntinye. Dị ka nke abụọ definition, a karst ọgba - n'okpuruala oghere nke eke si, nke na-adịghị illuminated site anyanwụ, ma dị maka banye na ya.

The ọmụmụ nke abaitiat na-emekwa ụfọdụ pụrụ iche na sayensị - caving, ihe maka nke a na-emepụta site na-akpọ speleotourists.

Ka kpụrụ abaitiat?

Nke a na ụdị ọgba kpụrụ exogenous Filiks, ya bụ n'ihi na mgbasa nke oké nkume miri. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na n'ọgba bụ ugbu naanị na ndị ebe nke ụwa ebe-edina ndị ejighị n'aka nkume, nke na-adị mfe etisasịwo site na mmiri. Otu n'ime ha - gypsum, salts, nzu (kaolin), dolomite, marble na nkume nzu.

Kasị njọ nke ndị ọzọ nile ebibi nkume nzu na marble. Abaitiat na ndị a nkume kpụrụ a nnọọ ogologo oge. N'aka nke ọzọ, ha ọbọhọ ka ndị ọzọ mma. Ka ihe atụ, gypsum abaitiat na-daa na crumble.

Ọrụ dị mkpa e guzobere n'okpuru ala cavities na-arụ ọ bụghị naanị chemical mejupụtara nke mmiri (ọ ga-ụba ịta nke carbon dioxide), ma na-ọnụnọ nke cracks n'ime ime nke ụwa na akp fractures. Ha na-emekarị bụ center edoghi tinyere nke n'ọgba nakwa kpụrụ.

Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-amụ abaitiat - a relic ụdị usoro. Nke a pụtara na mmiri hapụrụ nkọwa ala cavities. O sina dị, ọ bụ na ọ na-eje ozi ọkpụ na Nleta n'ime "microrelief" abaitiat. Underground mmiri ọgaranya sulfates na carbonates, eweta ha n'elu mgbidi, n'ala na Vaults ala cavities. Na na kpụrụ ihe anyị na-akpọ stalactites na stalagmites. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị a growths ibu iju ma aru iche-iche, nke n'ọchịchịrị anya ọbụna ihe ọhụrụ.

The isi ụdị nke abaitiat

Dị ka usoro nke Jenesis (guzobere) a dịpụrụ adịpụ, e wezụga karst, ọbụna tectonic, mgbawa ugwu, ozize na ice abaitiat.

Underground oghere nwekwara nkewa site size (dabeere na ngụkọta ogologo na ịdị omimi) nakwa dị ka ụdị nke oké nkume nke ha na-guzobere. Ya mere, e nwere n'ọgba:

• na nkume nzu;
• gypsum;
• nzu;
• nnu;
• Abaitiat na conglomerates na na.

Top 5 fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ abaitiat nke mbara ala

Anọ nke ise nke ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ abaitiat ke ererimbot emi odude ke US, bụ ihe ọzọ na - na Ukraine.

Mammoth Cave (banyere 630 km) - fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ ọgba usoro nke Earth. Ọ na-e guzobere na nkume nzu 10 nde afọ gara aga. Kwa afọ ogologo nke ọgba na-eto eto dị ka ọhụrụ cavers ledo ọmụma ya corridors.

Ọla Cave (257 km) - emi odude ke South Dakota, nso n'obodo Custer. Ya pụrụ iche mma na-calcite kristal nke na-ntekwasa na oké mgbidi nke ala amaokwu.

Cave nchekwube (231 km) - a multi-larịị labyrinth netwọk na Ukraine (na Ternopil mpaghara), onye kasị ukwuu n'ime ala usoro ke Eurasia. Guzobere nkedo.

Wind Cave (217 km) - ọzọ American ọrụ ebube nke uwa, nke a maara maka ya ihe nakawa etu esi na ulo-nbata, yiri ụgbụgbọ mmanụ aṅụ.

Lechuga Cave (207 km) - gypsum ọgba na United States (New Mexico), ihe e ji mara nke bụ ihe ọhụrụ "luster" agụmakwụkwọ, na-eru ruo 5-6 mita n'obosara.

ọgwụgwụ

Ọfọn, ugbu a ị maara ihe bụ nzube nke okwu "karst abaitiat." Ọ bụ ihe na ala oghere nke eke si, nke nwere otu ma ọ bụ karịa outlets n'elu. All cavers abaitiat na-nkewa site size, na usoro nke Jenesis, nakwa dị ka nkume nke ha na-agbakwunyere (kpụrụ).