The Pope Innocent 3rd: biography, akụkọ mgbe oké ehi

Na ụwa , Pope Innocent 3 maara dị ka Lothario de Segni. A mụrụ ya na nso nso obodo Anagni. The kpọmkwem ụbọchị ọmụmụ na-amaghị pontiff. Nke a bụ ma 1160 ma ọ bụ na 1161. Nna ya Trazimono mụụrụ aha agụ ya, na nne bụ onye Rom patrician nke genus. Lothario e jikọrọ site agbatị nke kinship na abụọ ndị nke ọzọ poopu. Clement III bụ nwanne nna ya, na Gregory IX wee nwa nwanne ya.

na-eto eto

N'ọdịnihu isi nke Catholic Church Innocent 3 si a-eto eto afọ na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site pụtara ìhè ọgụgụ isi ikike. Ọ mụrụ iwu na Bologna na nkà mmụta okpukpe na Paris. A afọ mgbe e gburu ndị Thomas Becket Lothario wee a njem uka Canterbury.

Na 1190 30-afọ Italian aghọwo a kadinal. Celestine III, ma, wee na ya n'ebe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ya mere, ikike Cardinal wee ọrụ odide. Ya inem "Na nlelị maka ụwa, ma ọ bụ banyere nza nke mmadụ adịghị ihe," na-ere ịrịba quantities. Lothario mmasị òtù nke Curia. Na 1198 mgbe ọnwụ nke Celestine ha hoputara ya ọhụrụ Pope, na-ewere aha Innocent III.

Pontiff na Alaeze Ukwu

Site n'ụbọchị ndị mbụ na a ọhụrụ onwe ya dị ka Innocent ihe chioma. Ugbua maka a ogologo oge na popu na-emegide ndị eze ukwu ike nke Nsọ Alaeze Ukwu Rom. Na 1197 eze Henry VI nwụrụ, na ọchịchị ya tọrọ na-alụ ọgụ Ghibelline na Guelph. Germany na niile nọrọ agha obodo. All nke a nanị wusiri ọnọdụ na na ihe ji Innocent 3. biography nke ya n'oge ndụ e jikọrọ a dịgasị iche iche nke mba Europe nke ọ gara n'ihi mmụta na njem. Ugbu a dị ka isi nke Catholic Innocent nwere na kọntaktị na eze nke ndị a niile na-ekwu.

Mkpọnwụ nke onye eze nke ike kwere Pope nwetaghachị akara nke Papal States, ịgbasa ókè-ala na Adriatic Sea mgbe isonyere March nke Ancona, na Spoleto. Mgbe Celestine Ebighị Ebi City ya tara ahụhụ si na ogba aghara n'ihi esemokwu ndị oké ozu na-arọ òtù. Innocent onwe ya bụ patrician nne nwa na-eji na njikọ ezinụlọ, bụ ike kwe mara. Political Mmeri isi nke Catholic Church na Italy e kpuwere na eziokwu na ọ ghọrọ regent nke alaeze Sicily, emi odude ke n'ebe ndịda nke dịịrị banye na mmiri. Obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya, ya regent Constance jụrụ pontiff ghọọ onye nlekọta nke nwa ọhụrụ ya Frederick ruo mgbe mmalite nke afọ ndụ ya. 3 Innocent ekweta.

Fourth Agha Ntụte

Ọ bụghị otú kechioma bụ Pope na-alụso ndị Alakụba. Ịgbaso ya ụzọ Innocent 3 gbalịrị jideekwaozo Jerusalem si infidels na na njedebe a agọziwo Fourth Agha Ntụte. Na 1198 a iwu e nyere, dị ka nke na nzukọ nke ndị agha mkpọsa ndị e n'ịnyịnya tax nke 2.5% nke ụtụ nke chọọchị. Ego anakọtara ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ma ha emeghi ezuru. N'okpuru plan, Agha Ntụte nwere ịgafe Oké Osimiri Mediterenian na Venetian ụgbọ mmiri. Otú ọ dị, ebe rutere erekwa Republic, ndị isi na ndị knight enweghịkwa ike ịkwụ chọrọ ego nke ha (84 puku silver akara).

Uchu Doge nke Venice, Enrico Dandolo chọrọ Agha Ntụte iji nyere ya aka weghara obodo bụ Hungary Zara na Adriatic n'ụsọ oké osimiri. N'ọnọdụ maka nkwado nke ndị agadi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kwere nkwa ka ebu agha chọrọ ịga Palestine. N'ihi ya, Zara e weghaara na n'agha. The ọdịda nke obodo na obi nke Christian Europe e so site looting na-egbu ndị nkịtị.

Ịmụta banyere ihe ahụ merenụ, Pope Innocent 3 were ezigbo iwe. Ọ chụpụrụ niile sonyere nke tour. N'oge na-adịghị, Otú ọ dị, ọ na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Universal anathema pụtara a ikpeazụ mkpọsa a ọdịda, nke nwere ike ka na--azọpụta. Ke adianade do, pope agaghị esemokwu na ukwu nile Europe. Mgbe erikpu niile uru na ọghọm, na pontiff kagbuo anathema, nkọcha na-ahapụ nanị initiators nke agha na Zara, Venishia.

Fall of Constantinople

The kasị njọ, Otú ọ dị, ma na-abịa. The Agha Ntụte ike na kọntaktị na wepụ Byzantine eze ukwu Alexios, na-arịọ ha ka ha nyere ya onwe ya eze. Na mgbanwe, na bidder kwere nkwa na-akwado ndị Katọlik nọ na ha agha megide ndị Alakụba reinforcements na ego. Ọ kwetara ebutere Grik Church nke West. Adọrọ adọrọ na-enye tụgharịa crusader atụmatụ na Venishia. Na 1204, ha weghaara na zuuru otu nke kasị ukwuu n'obodo nke Middle Ages, Constantinople. On mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Byzantine Catholic Latin Empire, ike nke bụ nke ndị Frank e guzobere.

Pope Innocent 3 gbalịrị ịkwụsị ukwu, zigara Constantinople. Eme otú ahụ, ọ na-ịga nke ọma. Ọzọkwa, ọ dịghị òtù chọọchị mgbe mere. The gbawara n'etiti n'etiti ndị Katọlik na Orthodox-eme dị nnọọ mbara. Otú ọ dị Innocent 3, a nkenke biography nke nke bụ ihe atụ pontiff n'akwụsịghị akwụsị na-agbaso na-enupụ isi na-ekwesịghị ịdị na-adịghị efu obi ike na ngagharị Agha Ntụte arụmọrụ.

The agha megide ndị jụrụ okwukwe

Back na mmalite nke XI narị afọ, e nwere a Christian òtù ndị Albigenses (na sayensị ọgbara ọhụrụ a kpọrọ ha Cathars) na French n'ógbè Languedoc. Ha ekwetaghị na sacraments nke Church, dị nsọ na ihe oyiyi na ndị nsọ onwe ha. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Cathars lekwasị ke n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-nke France. Ha na-aka site na ụfọdụ disgruntled ụka iwu nke ndị bishọp na obodo ọgaranya oké ozu.

Ebe rịgooro papal ebekpo, Innocent set banyere n'ikpochapụ n'ezi ofufe dapụ. Ọ bụ ọchịchọ ịmata na n'ihi na a mmalite, o zigara negotiators ka jụrụ okwukwe, n'etiti ha bụ ndị St. Dominic na Abbot sieve. Na 1209 anwa a diplomatic ngwọta okpu, na pontiff mara ọkwa mwepụta nke a ọhụrụ agha ntụte, nke e kere na ọgwụgwụ dị ka ogologo dị ka afọ iri abụọ.

Legend nke Franciscans

Na 1209 ọ bụghị nanị na malitere a ịlụ agha ntụte megide Albigenses, ma akpa akwa mendicant e kere site na Franciscans. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ya na omume bụ ihe ndabere nke na-ewu ewu ochie dike. Ekwusa Frantsisk Assizsky me ka Rome-eso ụzọ ya, na-achọ inwere iji nweta si Pope maka ikike ike ọhụrụ okpukpe iji. Nwoke a enweghị njikọ na elu echelons nke Church. Otú ọ dị, ndị ewu ewu n'etiti ndị ogbenye na nke charisma nyeere ya aka kweta Catholic bishọp na-ahazi a nzukọ na pontiff njem.

Dị ka akụkọ mgbe ochie, Innocent 3 Franciscans ike nanị mgbe o nwere a nrọ nke St. Francis jiri aka ya na ẹkenịmde na Lateran nnukwu ụlọ ụka Senti. Tupu na, ọ ịrịba ama enyo anyị enyo nke na-amaghị ama na-ejegharị ejegharị na-ekwusa na-na Italy n'oge ahụ e nwere bụ oké dịgasị iche iche. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-si dị iche na ndị nzuzu na-sectarian.

Francis adịghị ka ndị ọzọ nke ụgha na Kraist na-ekwusa ozi ọma austerity, ịhụnanya nke onye agbata obi na ọchịchọ ịda ogbenye. -Eso ụzọ ya bịara mara dị ka "obere ụmụnna". 3 Innocent guzobere Franciscan iji naanị mgbe ya na obi abụọ, nọ ghara site omimi nrọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ihe ịrịba ama bụ, o mesịrị bụrụ amụma. Order ngwa ngwa ghọrọ nnọọ ewu ewu. Iji patronage nke Catholic Church, ọ anọgide na ụba ya otu. Naanị afọ iri gachara na ọ bụ na 3000 ndị mmadụ, nke n'oge ahụ a bukwanu ọgụgụ.

Dominican na Teutonic Order

Na-emekarị n'ebe ntoputa na mmụba nke ọhụrụ Catholic iwu mgbe Innocent naanị Franciscans na-ejedebeghị. Na oge ya na-Toulouse enwere a obodo nke St. Dominic. Ọ ghọrọ ihe ndabere nke ọzọ iji. Innocent enweghị oge na-agọzi ndị ya na ihe e kere eke n'ihi na nke ya ọnwụ mberede. Kama, 1216 mere nọchiri Honorius III. Dominican Order bụ izi - mọnk ya nọ na-achụ nkà mmụta okpukpe ọmụmụ na ebe obibi na mahadum obodo gafee Europe.

Na 1199 Innocent agbala a oké ehi, nke nyere obodo kwụụrụ ọzọ obodo agbachitere ndị njem ala nsọ na Palestine. Nke ahụ bụ ná mmalite nke Teutonic Order, mechara kwaga na Baltic, ebe ya knight buso mba ọzọ na Russian nke otu nọọrọ onwe ha ihe gbasara onye isi. Organization ebutere bụghị naanị isi chọọchị, ma nke ndị eze ukwu ike.

Teutonic Order na Pope Innocent 3 rụkọrọ ọrụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Pontiff patronized Valpotu Henry - akpa Grand Master nke obodo. Na 1215 Innocent butere a ịlụ agha ntụte megide Prussians. Akwọ ụgbọala odudu nke mkpọsa ahụ bụ kpọmkwem nke Teutonic Order. Eastern iwu nke Innocent na ọ bụghị nanị na-agha megide ndị na-ekpere arụsị. Back na 1204, o nyere Volyn isi Roman Mstislavovich anabata Katọlik na natara aha nke King of Galicia. A mkparita uka rụpụtara ihe ọ bụla, n'ihi na Rurik achọghị ịgbanwe okwukwe ha.

ehi Venerabilem

Mkpa maka ya oge popu emegbu Innokentiya 3 diplomatically kọwara dịkọrọ ndụ nke Nsọ Lee ọkwá na isi okpukpe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. The kasị ama ndị dị otú ahụ akwụkwọ na pontiff bụ Venerabilem, bipụtara na 1202. Ehi nwere Abstracts nke isi chọọchị na tesis kọwara àgwà ya n'ebe eze ukwu ike.

Na Venerabilem Innocent enen nri nke German isi-ahọpụta a eze. Na Nsọ Alaeze Ukwu Rom, ọ bụ ya bụ onye ghọrọ eze ukwu. N'otu oge manu na okpueze ya nwere ike naanị papa. Ọ bụrụ na o weere idotke a akwukwo maka aha nke eze ukwu, ndị isi ga-ahọpụta onye ọzọ. Innocent kọwara ya ùgwù na Church mgbe ọ dị mkpa a ego nchebe na n'echebe. Na omume nke odida nke ndi-isi-ahọpụta a kwesiri nwa akwukwo pontiff ikike iji chọpụta oké egwu ọhụrụ eze ukwu. N'oge na-adịghị na o nwere iji ike ndị a.

castling eze ukwu

Ehi Venerabilem ghọrọ ọzọ ogbo na-alụ nke ego na Ecclesiastical ike na Western Europe. Innocent chọọ ịkwụsị-eto eto ime ihe eze ukwu, gụnyere ịgbaso onwunwe ha nke alaeze Sicily. Mgbe ahụ kwuru na ocheeze nke na-eto Frederick II, ma ọ pụghị iri ocheeze dị ka a nwa. Ka ọ dịgodị, ọkara nke German isi chọrọ ịbụ eze ukwu Philip nke Swabia, na ọkara nke ọzọ na-akwado Ottona Braunshveygskogo. Na candidacy ndị nke ikpeazụ ahụ kwụsịrị ma Innocent 3. Pope eze e tere mmanụ Otto na 1209.

Otú ọ dị, ebe ha anatagh ike, ọhụrụ eze ukwu jụrụ irube isi Pope ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ malitere iweghachi ya mmetụta na alaeze ukwu machibidoro iwu n'ihi na ya na Italy na Sicily. Mgbe ahụ Innocent chụpụrụ Otto si na chọọchị. Na 1212, poopu kwere nkwa na alaeze ukwu ùgwù toro-Frederick (onye ghọrọ Emperor na afọ asatọ, mgbe ọnwụ nke ya nchebe na nlekọta).

Otto na-efu ya monarchical mmetụta mgbe na 1214 e meriri na Agha nke Bouvines, mgbe o meriri ndị French King Filipp Abụọ Avgust. A ọnwa ole na ole gasịrị, ọ arụkwaghịm aha eze ukwu. Enwekwaghị nkwado nke ruru eru ịtụ vootu, na pontiff Otto IV nwụrụ n'ihi ọnyụnyụ ọbara maa ya 1218. N'ihe a niile, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgba na kpochapụ Europe na mmalite nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ, e nwere a doro anya e ji mara nke Pope Innocent 3. N'oge popu Institute ruru ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ya mmetụta na ụwa eze nke Old World.

Megidere John Landless

Siri ike na a bụ mmekọahụ nke Nsọ Lee na England. Na 1207, Innocent họpụtara Stefana Lengtona ọhụrụ Akwa Bishop Canterbury. English Korol Ioann England jụrụ ịnakwere ihe masịrị ha Rome. N'ihi na nke a isi nke Catholic ụwa amanye na mba-eti, na-amachibido jide okpukpe ọrụ na ya. Na nzaghachi, Jọn kpọrọ niile ụka onwunwe na England, si otú nweela ihe ịrịba ego nke 100 puku pound. O yiri ka ndị na-emegide ime mmụọ ike ọ gara naanị uru.

Dị ka akụkọ mgbe Innocent 3, dị ka nrọ o kpebiri inabata ntọala nke Franciscan Order, ma na ozugbo na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị pope edu ha mkpebi ihe ndị ọzọ ebumnobi ihe. Ịhụ ka isi ike nke English, edidem na Pope chụpụrụ ya. British bishọp n'afọ ofufo jee biri n'ala ọzọ.

The esemokwu dịruru ọtụtụ afọ. N'ikpeazụ, na 1213 agha na-na ndị nna ha ukwu John ekwupụtaara Innocent. Mgbe ahụ, papa m malitere iji chebe eze. Ọ machibidoro French edidem Philip II Augustus of England na-ekwusa agha-ekwu na Normandy. Ọzọkwa, Pope Innocent 3, onye biography e jikọtara ya na ndị agadi njem uka Canterbury, Chọọchị chụpụrụ ndị oké ozu bụ ndị nwara ịnapụ ndị ọchịchị aka na "Magna Carta" Ioanna Bezzemelnogo.

Fourth Lateran na ọnwụ

The njedebe nke pontificate nke Innocent III bụ Fourth Lateran Council. Ọ meghere ke November 1215. Na a ịrịba omume bịara 400 Archbishops na ndị bishọp, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ndị nna ochie nke Eastern Churches. N'otu oge ahụ na-anọghị Grik hierarchy. Ọbụna mgbe afọ iri na otu nke oké ụjọ site looting Constantinople egwu Byzantines ọ bụla na imekọ ihe ọnụ na ndị Katọlik.

Katidral e bipụtara ihe karịrị iri asaa n'ụkpụrụ iwu emeso dị iche iche okwu metụtara ndị okpukpe. Ihe atụ, o gbochiri Kraịst nwere azụmahịa idina ndị Juu. Ịkpa ókè megide ndị Juu na-a atụmatụ nke oge, na Innocent na ya entourage na ndị mmadụ zụlitere ha oge.

Pope hapụrụ bụghị naanị mkpebi nke Lateran Katidral na ehi, ma ọtụtụ puku akwụkwọ ozi. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-ewepụtara na okwu nke iwu: ka a maara, ndị pontiff ihe ndị pụrụ ochie ọkàiwu. The mbụ collection of ya ozi ka ọkọdọ edebe ke University of Bologna.

Innocent 3 foto ochie oyiyi na-egosi bụ ka ezi a nwa okorobịa, nwụrụ July 16, 1216 na Perugia na afọ 55 na afọ. The akpata mmalite ọnwụ nke pontiff malitere ịba. Innocent butere a na-egbu egbu ọrịa na ụzọ dị n'ebe ugwu nke Italy, ebe ọ gara mgbe Lateran Council maka mmezi nke esemokwu n'etiti Pisa na Genoa. Pope na-ele anya na-enyere ndị abụọ mba na nzukọ ọhụrụ nke ise Agha Ntụte. E liri ya na Perugia. Innocent foduru e zigara Rome na 1891.