The ụgbọelu La-7: nkọwa, Eserese, photos

Soviet ugbo elu La-7 e kere OKB-21 (obodo Gorky, ugbu a Nizhny Novgorod -). Enye ada mmepe nke SA Lavochkin - onye nke kasị mma Soviet na-emepụta. Nke a ugbo elu bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị irè n'aka nke ọgụ ugbo elu n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Ọ jikọtara ndị kasị mkpa ọrụ maka ikuku kara - maneuverability na ngwá agha.

Isi

LA-7 - ụgbọelu, nke nwere ike nkewa dị ka a monoplane (ngwaọrụ otu ụzọ nke nku). Ọ nwere otu-engine, emi odude ke ụta, na a otu oche - maka pilot. Ya ụzọ - 5-fighter ugbo elu, na-mepụtara na na 21 m Edo. The mbụ prototype nke ugbo elu (site na LA-120 koodu) anya na November 1943.

Ná mmalite nke 1944, ọ ọma gafere ọsọ ule na mkpuchi mmehie maka ọgụ ọrụ. Site na njedebe nke agha si ebu rịdata karịa 5.700 fighter La-7. Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị Soviet ụgbọelu, a ụgbọelu bụ ihe kasị mma: ekele ya kraiptographi, ọsọ, pụrụ ịdabere na firepower. Mgbe n'isi nke ndị dị otú a elu-klas alụso nweta obi ike na mmeri ọ bụla Ace nke Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ.

Akụkọ nke

LA-7 bụ n'ihi na nkà na ụzụ evolushọn nke a usoro nke ọtụtụ ugbo elu. The nnọọ mbụ pụtara alụso LaGG-2 (mepụtara na 1939) na LaGG-3 (1940 nke). Ha e kere eke na-gara site na ndị na-emepụta M. Gudkov na Gorbunov. The abụọ fighter bụ ike nke na-efe efe na gbapụrụ ọsọ nke 600 km / h - ngwa ngwa German ugbo elu na ya na klas. Ma ọ dị arọ: 600 kg karịa Yak-1. Maneuverability LaGG-3 na ọrịrị ekpe dị ka ọ chọrọ.

Na 1942 wee LA-5 na a Mkpa ọkụ engine, ọma pụtara na Agha nke Stalingrad. The ọhụrụ ugbo elu karịrị "Messerschmitt", ọ bụ ihe dị ka abụọ 20-millimeter egbe caliber, na ha bụ ndị irè karịa "German" na otu ngwá, gbakwunyere na abụọ igwe egbe.

Na 1943, na oge nke Agha nke Kursk, na mba Air Force natara a ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke alụso - LA-5FN na uprated engines, Mkpa ọkụ na mfe ịchịkwa. Ọbụna ọhụrụ German "Focke-Wulf-190" nwere ike ịbụ a osompi nke Soviet ugbo elu. Ndien ke akpatre, na njedebe nke 1943 bilitere a ọhụrụ nlereanya na ikuku - LA-7. On ya, tụnyere gara aga fighter, e a-atọ egbe, nakwa dị ka ugbo elu nwere ike iru gbapụrụ ọsọ nke 680 km / h.

Design amamihe

The nwoke na-ada ihe e kere eke nke LA-7 - semen Alekseevich Lavochkin. Ọ - gold Medalist, na 1918-1920 o jere ozi na Red Army na n'ókè agha. Mgbe ahụ ịhapụ ndị Moscow Higher tehuchilische (ugbu a MSTU. Bauman), ebe ọ natara ọrụ nke engineer Aeromechanics. The isiokwu nke ya tesis e jikọtara ya na mmepe nke otu bombu.

Na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ aviakonstruktorskoy Semyon malitere na mbubreyo 20 ya, mbụ ọ na e aku site na emebe ugbo elu maka nsoro nke USSR, na ahụ na-aga na-arụ ọrụ na fighter. Na nkera nke abụọ nke 30s, mgbe o na-erughị ala, ndị ọchịchị Soviet kpebiri etinye uche pụrụ iche na mmepe nke Air Force na ụwa. First Lavochkin na SN Lyushin kere ugbo elu LL-1, agha na machini rektivnymi egbe. Mgbe e mesịrị wee prototype I-301, nwere pụtara ìhè imewe drawings. LA 7 ẹsiode ọdịdị ya engineering rụzuru Seeds Alekseevich ndị afọ.

e ji mara

The ọsọ na ọnụego nke ọrịrị nke ugbo elu La-7, ụkpụrụ, bụ ndị a pụrụ iji tụnyere ndị nke La-5FN. Ibelata fighter ọsọ bụ 680 km / h (mgbe efe na a elu nke 6 puku mita.), Ịgba uru n'ala - 597 km / h. Nso LA-7 njem bụ 635 km, n'uko elu - 10 km 750 m.

Ịrị fighter - 1098 mita kwa nkeji. Machine ogologo - 8,60 m, elu - 2,54 m Efu ibu -. 2605 kg loaded - 3265 n'arọ. Area nke nku fighter - 17,5 sq. m Oke takeoff ibu -. 3400 n'arọ. Wingspan nke ugbo elu - 9,80 m LA-7 Engine - onye nke atọ ụdị. 82FN-DB, DB-83 Agha ma ọ bụ 71. The mkpanaka nwere a 1850 horsepower (nke bụ Ẹkot 1380 kW). Otu n'ime ihe gbara ọkpụrụkpụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti LA-7 si aga ugbo elu - fechaa imewe (n'ihi n'akụkụ òtù metal).

agha

The ọgụ ngwá ọrụ nke ugbo elu La-7 bụ, dị a na-achị, abụọ 20-mm egbe ala ụdị ShVAK ma ọ bụ atọ egbe nke otu ụdị nke B-20 caliber. Ha na-enwe ike igbochi shot akụrisị pupụtara nke propela, site guzosie ike ha hydromechanical synchronizer. Mgbọ maka a egbe n'ozuzu ShVAK bụ 200 agba kwa ngwá agha. Ọzọkwa mgbọ shells complemented ihe-agha-ịkpọpu incendiary ụdị (ike ekịm ihe agha na 22 mm na a anya nke 100 m), nakwa dị ka fragmentation incendiary mgbọ ụdị. N'okpuru nku nke ugbo elu nwere ike ịbụ set bombs (ruo 100 kg na onye ọ bụla nku). Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a na-shells ụdị FAB-50 na 100, ZAB-50, 100 (subscript egosi a uka bọmbụ - 50 ma ọ bụ 100 kg).

-adịghị emezi emezi

Military ọkachamara kwuru na ugbo elu La-7 site n'oge ruo n'oge na-ajụ na-arụ ọrụ hydraulics. Ha abụghị nnọọ otu ebe na fighter engine. N'ihi na eziokwu na engine ikuku intakes nọ nku ụgbọelu, ha aghọọla clogged na ájá onwunwe n'oge takeoff na ọdịda. Ya mere, engine nwere ike na-ajụ na-arụ ọrụ. Nke a ihe onwunwe na-eleghara anya ọkachamara na ala ule: Ịnakwere mere na oyi, mgbe e nweghị ájá.

Ọ na-ghọtara na engine na LA-5FN agọ ihe dị ụkọ karịa na LA-7. Oil oyi dị n'okpuru fuselage nke ugbo elu, na n'ihi na nke a na ulo bụ nnọọ na-ekpo ọkụ (banyere 40 degrees na oyi na 55 ke ndaeyo). Ini ekededi nwere a ike oge na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ na kokpiiti dara iyuzucha, haruru si engine, na na-emekarị ama esịn ke iko ghọọ mmanụ.

Tụlee na yiri ngwaahịa: Theory na Practice

LA-7 ụgbọelu, nke nwere a foto nke Soviet Akwụkwọ ọtụtụ ugbo elu, mgbe mgbe, na-aghọta ka a fighter, dị nnọọ elu karịa ha German ogbo - FW-190 na '109 Messerschmitt, ". Otú ọ dị, ụgbọelu onwe ha kwuru na ịlụso ndị German ugbo elu bụ nnọọ ike. Dị ka ihe atụ, igosi a amaba n'ime mmiri, dị ka ụfọdụ Soviet aces, "Germany" nnọọ mma karịa nke a igwe. Ya mere, iji merie ndị agha ma ọ bụrụ na onye-iro mere ka aerobatics, nwere ike na-emekarị nanị onye kasị nwee ahụmahụ na-anya ụgbọelu nke Soviet Air Force.

Ma, ọtụtụ ihe, na LA-7 dị otú ahụ ikpe, na-enye uru ruru a nkọ set of ọsọ. Ebe jisiri nso na Germany nwere ike na-awakpo ndị iro. Otú ọ dị na-egosi gbagọrọ agbagọ okirikiri (kwụ maneuverability) at LA-7 ekwe kwuo okwu elu n'elu German ugbo elu. Nke a bụ n'ihi ala Soviet fighter nku loading: banyere 190 kg / sq m. (Mgbe "German" - karịrị 200 kg / sq.m.). Ya mere LA-7 mere ka 3-4 sekọnd ngwa ngwa karịa ka ihe atụ, "Fokke-Wolf".

ọgụ ahụmahụ

LA-7 - ọ bụ a ụgbọelu, nke mere ha ọgụ ọzọ, IN Kozhedub - kpara aviator, dike nke Soviet Union ugboro atọ. Na-alụ ọgụ n'ụzọ, ọ malitere na n'isi nke LA-5, nke mere ka ala ọtụtụ iri na abuo ugbo elu. Peres LA-7, Kozhedub ebibi 17 German alụso, mmeri na-emecha ya ọgụ ọzọ n'agha nso Berlin.

Active ọgụ ojiji nke ugbo elu malitere na June 1944. Nke a fighter anọwo na ùgwù dị iche iche na-eche ha nche regiments nke Soviet Air Force. About kpara LA-7 kwuru okwu ọma Ai Pokryshkin - al, dike nke Soviet Union ugboro atọ. Na-arụ ọgụ ọzọ a ụgbọelu, ọ gbara ala 17 German alụso, gụnyere reactive "Messerschmitt-262". Great Soviet pilot hụrụ LA-7 sample magburu onwe maneuverability, ọsọ, ngwá agha ike: ya niile na-ejikọta n'ụzọ zuru okè na ọkacha mmasị gị "isi" itu kaadi "ọsọ, nghogbu na ọkụ."

The ụgbọelu nke dike

LA 7 akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Great Ịhụ Mba n'Anya omenala ndị a na-aha nke Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub onye gbatara 64 Enwee Mmeri (e nweghịzi onye na itu kaadi mgbochi Hitler mmekota). Account agha pilot mepere March 1943 na agha ugbo elu La-5. Ekemende Kozhedub eme ka a na ụdị a fighter ụgbọelu 146 sorties na kụrụ aka 20 "German". Na May 1944, ndị pilot kwagara LA-5FN, nke e anakọtara na ego, ịmara na otu n'ime ndi oru ugbo Stalingrad mpaghara. Mgbe a na ụgbọelu, ọ na-ebibi 7 nkeji iro ugbo elu. Na August Kozhedub ndi agha a kpọfere ọhụrụ maka Soviet Air Force ugbo elu-7 alụso. Ke ụdị ụgbọelu Ivan Nikititch ọ lụrụ ọgụ ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke World.

Mgbe otu onye n'ime ọgụ ọzọ LA 7 Kozhedub kụrụ, ya engine stalled. Ebiere atọgbọ onye iro, Soviet itu kaadi zigara otu ụgbọelu na otu n'ime ihe n'ala. Ma mgbe fighter malitere swoop ala, ndị engine na mberede akwụ, na Kozhedub, na-akpụ akpụ LA-7 si ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu, azụ ka airfield. N'oge nile nke agha, Ivan Nikitich ama on a ọgụ ozi 330 ugboro, sonye 120 ikuku agha, nke bibiri 64 iro ugbo elu. Ọ e ọdịda atọ Ọla "Gold Star".