Tolstoy Aleksey: na-arụ ọrụ. Depụta na inyocha ọrụ nke Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy

Aha nna Tolstoy na echiche anyị na-akpachi anya na ọrụ odide, na ọ bụ mba ukem ini. The Russian prose na uri atọ maara nke ọma na-ede akwụkwọ, onye na-eyi ya: Tolstoy, Alexey Alexei Tolstoy. Works dere ha, ọ dịghị ihe jikọrọ, ma ndị dere onwe ha n'otu ọbara, ọ bụ ezie na anya. All n'ime ha bụ ndị òtù nke a nnukwu oké ozu alaka. Tatyana Tolstaya, a oge a so dee, na mberede, na-bụ nke ezinụlọ a. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị kasị ama nnọchiteanya nke a magburu onwe ya alaka, n'ezie, Tolstoy, taa anyị na-enye gị na-ọma na ọrụ nke Alexei Konstantinovich. The ọrụ nke Alekseya Nikolaevicha Tolstogo kwesịkwara anya. Otú ọ dị, nke a bụ a isiokwu kpamkpam dị iche iche isiokwu. Ya mere, ihe atụ, kere namesake na-ede uri nke mmasị anyị na onye dere Alexei Tolstoy na-arụ ọrụ maka ụmụaka, nke dị nnọọ ewu ewu na-adọrọ mmasị na nke a ụbọchị.

Biography Tolstoy Alexei Konstantinovich

Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy (afọ nke ndụ - 1817-1875) - na-ede uri, onye edemede, na-ede. A mụrụ ya na St. Petersburg. Ọ si n'agbụrụ ndị Razumovsky na nne nwa n'akụkụ (ukwu ya-nna nna - ikpeazụ hetman nke Little K. Razumovsky, na nna nna ya, AK Razumovsky - Minister nke Education n'oge ọchịchị nke Alexander m). Nna nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu bụ onye so dee - Earl K. P. Tolstoy, onye ya na ndị nne ozugbo ọmụmụ nke nwa na-enweghị mebiri elu. Alexey zụlitere n'okpuru nduzi nke nne-ya, na nwanne ya nwoke - A. A. Perovskogo, onye edemede, uri ahụmahụ na-agba ume na-eto eto Tolstoy.

Na 1834 ọ nọ na-goro site Ministry of Foreign Affairs na Moscow Archive. Ozugbo a nọwo na diplomatic ọrụ. Tolstoy Aleksey, onye ọrụ anyị na-ewetara gị n'okpuru ebe a, natara na 1843 aha nwa amadi nke ulo-ndina.

Fantastic akụkọ na ihunanya akụkọ ifo

Ke mbubreyo 1830s - n'oge 1840s o kere a kediegwu akụkọ, na-elekọta na Gothic akwụkwọ na ihunanya prose: "The nzukọ nke narị afọ atọ", "Ghoul ezinụlọ." Ya mbụ bipụtara ọrụ - ya e dere na 1841 nchụàjà "The Vampire", kere n'okpuru pseudonym Krasnorogsky. Ọzọkwa na 1840s, Alexey malitere ọrụ na a akụkọ ihe mere eme akwụkwọ akpọ "Prince of Silver" (okokụre na 1861), n'otu oge a dum usoro nke in-a me ballads na poems, bipụtara dịtụ mgbe e mesịrị (na 1850-60 nke afọ). Nweela ewu ewu, ọtụtụ ọrụ nke Alekseya Tolstogo. Depụta ha n'akwụkwọ dị ka ndị a: "Kurgan", "My Na", "Prince Michael Repnin" na "Basil Shibanov" na ndị ọzọ.

Cooperation ke "Contemporary"

Ná mmalite 1850s e a rapprochement Tolstoy N. A. Nekrasovym, I. S. Turgenevym na ndị ọzọ so dee. Malite site 1854 na "Contemporary" e biri ebi ya edemede parody na uri. Na mmekota na VM na A. M. Zhemchuzhnikovymi (ya na ụmụ nwanne mama) na ngalaba nke magazine "edemede achịcha" e bipụtara n'okpuru pseudonym Kozma Prutkov satirical parody nke ọrụ ahụ. Creation nke a nru ugha na-ede akwụkwọ na-a mirror nke moribund akwụkwọ phenomena na n'otu oge kere a satirical picture nke a bureaucrat, ọ na-eme ka ndị omeiwu nke nkà uto.

Tolstoy Aleksey, onye ọrụ n'oge nọrịị ọtụtụ, na-akpụ akpụ n'ebe na-ekere òkè "Contemporary", malitere bipụtara na "Russian-akparịta ụka," na mgbe e mesịrị, na 1860-70-ies kemgbe 1857 - ukwuu n'ime ke "Journal of Europe" nakwa dị ka "Russian Gazette". N'oge ahụ, ọ gbachiteere ụkpụrụ nke na-akpọ "dị ọcha art", nke ahụ bụ onwe ha ọ bụla na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị echiche, gụnyere "na-aga n'ihu".

Na 1861 Tolstoy Aleksey Konstantinovich, onye ọrụ na-atụle n'isiokwu a, n'ikpeazụ lakpuo na ọrụ, nnọọ ya nsogbu, na n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-elekwasị anya edemede ọrụ.

Na 1862, o bipụtara ya uri "Don Juan" na-eso - "Silver Prince" (akwụkwọ). Na 1866, ìhè na-aga akụkụ mbụ nke oké kere - a akụkọ ihe mere eme trilogy "The Death of Ivan egwu", afọ abụọ mgbe e mesịrị - nke abụọ - "Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich", na na 1870 - ikpeazụ - "Tsar Boris".

in-a me nketa

Anabatakwa a ajụjụ banyere ihe na-arụ ọrụ e dere site Alexey Tolstoy, ọ ga-kwuru, na ya lyrics. Na 1867, ọ na-egosi mbụ collection of uri site a na-ede. Ke akpatre afọ iri nke ndụ ya o dere a ballad (1868 - "agwọ Tugarin", 1869 - "The Song nke Harald na Yaroslavna", 1870 - "Roman Galitsky", 1871 - "Ilya Muromets" na ndị ọzọ.). Pụta dị ka ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Satire n'amaokwu ( "History nke Russian State ...", nke e bipụtara na 1883, "Popov si Dream." - na 1882, na ndị ọzọ), lyric poems (1874 - "Ihe Osise", 1875 - "Dragon" ).

General e ji mara nke creativity

Creativity Alexei Konstantinovich imbued na ịdị n'otu nke nkà ihe ọmụma echiche, ebumnobi in-a me mmetụta uche. Ọ nwere ike na-kwuru mmasị na mbipụta dị ka nkà ihe ọmụma nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, mba ochie, ịhụnanya nke okike, ịjụ Tsarist ọchịchị aka ike - atụmatụ ndị a nke Tolstoy si creativity na-egosi na ọtụtụ nke ọrụ ya nke dị iche iche Genres. The ezigbo Ọdịdị nke mba, na mkpa Russian mba agwa, Alexey atụle oge ochie Novgorod na Kievan rus. Ụzọ ndụ nke Russia n'oge o yiri ka ya dị ka ndị a: a elu larịị nke mmepe nke dị iche iche na nkà, na ọ dị mkpa nke omenala oyi akwa, ndị oké ozu, onye-isi nke nkwanye ùgwù maka nnwere onwe na ùgwù nke ụmụ amaala, mfe nke àgwà, na di iche iche na obosara nke mba mmekọahụ, karịsịa na Europe.

ballads

Ịkọwa ihe oyiyi nke oge ochie Russia ballads imbued lyricism, ha na-egosipụta a omiiko nrọ nke nchoputa nke ime mmụọ onwe, nakwa dị ka mmasị nke ndị dike ntụkwasị, onye na-ese na mpako na The Epic uri Alexei Tolstoy. Works, a ndepụta nke a kpọrọ gị òkù ( "Mockingbird", "Ilya Muromets", "Canute", "Alyosha Popovich" na ndị ọzọ ballads) na-akara site eziokwu na ihe oyiyi nke kpara dike na ha, ihe ndị mere eme akụkọ ihe atụ nke na-ede akwụkwọ echiche, embody ya n'echiche dị iche iche (na atụ, Vladimir Kiev Prince). Ha na-na ha nkà n'aka na-nso ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ in-a me poems site Alexei Konstantinovich ( "The Edge ị bụ ...", "Kohl ịhụnanya, n'ihi na enweghị ọgụgụ isi", "gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'obi nke ụka hey" na ndị ọzọ.).

Tolstoy ballads egosi oge nke ike nke ghọọ mba kwụụrụ na Russia, interspersed na ịrịba ama mmalite. Ha na-achị bụ ihe nke ọchịchị Ivana Groznogo, nke bụ ya mere ihe kasị doro anya okwu nke ụkpụrụ nke absorption nke onye na steeti na-akparaghị ókè autocracy.

Ballad "ịrịba ama" na ya na ihe ọdịnala ụdị karịa "in-a me", nke ikwu tumadi na njedebe nke 1860 - mmalite nke 1870. Otú ọ dị, ndị nke Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy kwuru na o mere ka ihe mbụ na-ede uri, ike gbanwee ihe owuwu nke genre.

Ka ihe atụ, na otu nke ballads, "Vasily Shibanov" o revises kpochapụwo ọnọdụ a esemokwu na eze nke nnwere onwe-n'anya amaala, amụbawo n'okpuru nduzi nke ọrụ nke Friedrich Schiller. Mgbasaozi otú Kurbski baara Ivana Groznogo, Tolstoy na sonyere nke a dị ịrịba ama agha - nnupụisi nobleman na eze - akowaputa ofụri ofụri: enweghị ekele, mmeso ọjọọ, na nganga. Njikere ịta ahụhụ n'ihi eziokwu, ikike àjà Alexey bụ a dị mfe mmadụ, onye ha chụọ àjà ka esemokwu nke dị ike. Ya mere, a na-ejere eze-enweta nkwanye a omume na mmeri na-eweghachi ya feat mmeri nke ezi ịdị ukwuu nke mmadụ n'elu echepụta. Dị ka ndị ọzọ "dị ịrịba ama" ndị ballad nke na-ede, "Vasily Shibanov" na isiokwu na ya psychological mgbagwoju anya nke na-agụ akụkọ ihe oyiyi, nakwa dị ka Onye Okike nke ihe usoro ziri ezi obibia mere eme na-akpụ akpụ nso ka kere nke isi Genres na dere Tolstoy Aleksey. Ọrụ ndị a na anyị ga-atụle ugbu a.

Tolstoy si akwụkwọ

Alexey ya nchụàjà "The Silver Prince" na-egosi ime ihe ike clashes na a ọnọdụ nke na-achịkwaghị achịkwa ọchịchị aka ike nke ndị dị ike na ndị na-egosi na àgwà nke eze na ya entourage arbitrariness nwere a detrimental mmetụta. Na-arụ ọrụ a, ọ chọpụtara na, Anam Udeme si na emebiwo ama ikpe gburugburu, mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna na-amanye zoo na-elekọta mmadụ na mmegbu na mkpagbu nkà ndị mmadụ nke dị iche iche strata nke ọha mmadụ, ọ dị "ka akụkọ ihe mere eme", chebe mba ahụ site agha mba ọzọ iro, na-amụta na-achọpụta na ọhụrụ ala (Ermak Timofeevich, Mitya, Ivan Ring, Prince Silver, na ndị ọzọ.). The style nke ngwaahịa a na-jikọrọ omenala nke nchụàjà na akụkọ ihe mere eme akwụkwọ nke 1830s, gụnyere ndị na-abịa site akụkọ site Nikolaya Vasilevicha Gogolya dị ka "Taras Bulba" na "egwu ọbọ".

ịrịba ama ọrụ

Na n'elu ịrịba ama trilogy na-ede akwụkwọ kwuru na Russian ndụ nke oge narị afọ nke 16 - mmalite nke 17. ndị a na-arụ maka ya mkpa iji lebara dị iche iche akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkà ihe ọmụma nsogbu karịa ịgbasochi ka mere eme. Alexey egosi ọdachi nke atọ mbadamba, atọ tsars Ivan egwu, ekwe site echiche na ike ya - Chineke malite, ụdị obi onye na-achị Fedor na ndị maara ihe Boris Godunov, "oké ọchịchọ amamihe."

Ukwuu anya Tolstoy Aleksey, onye ọrụ na-ẹwụtde gara aga epoch, e nyere ndị e kere eke nke pụrụ iche, onye na vivid osise nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ọgụgụ. Ukwu ya nweta bụ onyinyo nke Emperor Theodore, nke na-egosi na 1860 bụ onye dere mụtara ụkpụrụ nke psychological nsiridi. Na 1898, ndị Moscow Art Ụlọ ihe nkiri e meghere ikpo nke ọdachi nke a na-ede - "Eze nke Fyodor Ivanovich." Ndị a bụ ndị isi ndị dị ịrịba ama na ọrụ Alekseya Tolstogo. The ndepụta nwere ike iso, n'ihi na anyị depụtara na isi.

na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Satire

Atụmatụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme-ele ihe anya Alexei Konstantinovich gosiri na ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị satires. Ka ihe atụ, n'ihi na nke a dabeere n'ahụmahụ akụkọ ahụ dị na ọrụ nke "Dream Popova" zoro ịkwa emo nke na-ede akwụkwọ nke liberals. Na amaokwu a, "Megide Ugbu A" ma ọ bụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, "Mgbe ụfọdụ fun na May ..." na ndị ọzọ gosipụtara mgbagha na nihilists. In "History nke State ..." Alexey doro adịghị eme ebere akwa emo mere phenomena, o kweere na ha gbochie ibi Russia.

akpachi anya lyrics

N'ụzọ dị iche na ballads na ịrịba ama, na-akpachi anya lyrics of a na-ede bụ mba ọzọ elation ụda. Ezi obi na mfe in-a me ọrụ Alekseya Konstantinovicha Tolstogo. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị dị ka psychological akwụkwọ akụkọ dị na amaokwu ( "Nke ahụ bụ na n'oge spring", "Otu n'ime ọgba bọl, mmadụ na mberede ...").

Music kere ọrụ site Alexei Konstantinovich

Alexey ẹkenam n'ime ọrụ ha, ndị nke mpako na uri style, ya poems na-emekarị nso song. Nịm ka music site na ọtụtụ kere na kere Alexei Tolstoy. Works (ndepụta-agụnye ihe karịrị 70 poems) ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka songs, nke e dere na ya okwu nke P. I. Chaykovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, S. I. Taneev, M. P. Musorgsky na ndị ọzọ.