Ugboro abụọ salts: ihe atụ na aha

Salts na-ekewa n'etiti, acidic, isi, abụọ na weere. All nke ha na-n'ọtụtụ ebe ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị, ma ihe ndị ọzọ na - na ụlọ ọrụ. Ịghọta salts nhazi ọkwa-eme ka ọ ga-aghọta ihe ndị bụ isi nke onwu.

Olee otú were nnu

Ka anyị na-amalite na definition nke salts. Ha na-chemical ogige nke acid fọduru ihe na a metal atọm. N'ụzọ dị iche na ndị ọzọ na klas nke bekee, salts maka ahụkarị ionic chemical nkekọ.

Òtù a na klas na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ dị iche iche na kpọmkwem e ji mara.

nkịtị nnu

Nkezi salts ya mejupụtara nwere nanị ụfọdụ metal cations na acidic fọduru. Dị ka ihe atụ, ndị dị otú ahụ ogige pụrụ kwuru sodium chloride, potassium sulfate. Otu a na-atụle ga kasị nkịtị na ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ. N'etiti ụzọ maka ha nkwadebe dee neutralization usoro rụrụ n'etiti acid na isi.

acid salts

Otu a nke ogige mejupụtara metal, hydrogen na ihe acid fọduru. Etolite yiri ogige polybasic acid: phosphoric, na igirigi ibu sulphuric, carbonic. Dị ka ihe atụ, ihe acid nnu enwe ọtụtụ ebe ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị dị, nwere ike kwuru sodium bicarbonate (bicarb). Dị otú ahụ bekee nwetara site mmeghachi omume n'etiti acid na nnu ọkara.

isi salts

metal cations nọ na ndị a ogige, na hydroxyl otu na anions nke acid moiety. Ihe Nlereanya nke ndị bụ isi na nnu bụ calcium hydroxychloride.

mbuaha salts

Ugboro abụọ salts a pụtara na ọnụnọ nke abụọ ọla nke dochie hydrogen na acid. Guzobe bekee nke yiri mejupụtara njirimara polybasic asịd. Ka ihe atụ, sodium potassium carbonate bụ ugbu dị nnọọ abụọ ifịk metal. Dual mbuaha salts nwere a bara uru maka chemical ụlọ ọrụ, ọtụtụ-eji ndụ kwa ụbọchị.

Atụmatụ weere nnu

Ugboro abụọ salts nke potassium na sodium na-ẹdude ke ọdịdị nke sylvinite. Nwekwara ike na-akpụ a gwara ọgwa potassium-aluminum nnu.

Mixed (abụọ) salts bụ ogige nke iso nke dị iche iche anions ma ọ bụ cations. Dị ka ihe atụ, a bleach na ya mejupụtara nwere anion hypochlorous na hydrochloric acid.

Nke otu mmasị bụ sọrọ ammonium nnu. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị nwetara umi na-eji dị ka a fatịlaịza.

Nkwadebe nke abụọ salts nke ammonium a rụrụ site omume amonia na polybasic asịd. Diammonium choro ke imewe nke ire ọkụ retardants (oku retardants). Ugboro abụọ salts nwere dịghị adịghị chọrọ ke ọgwụ na nri ọrụ.

Industrial mkpa ammoniytsinkovye, magnesium phosphates. N'ihi na negligible solubility na mmiri, dị salts mee retardants ọrụ akọwa na plastik.

Ndị a abụọ salts ndị kwesịrị ekwesị maka impregnation nke akwa na osisi na-echebe na-ebupụta megide mmiri. Iron na aluminum ammonium phosphates - magburu onwe n'aka maka echebe metal owuwu si corrosion sitere n'okike.

Ihe atụ nke abụọ nnu enwe a technical pụtara pụrụ iduga ígwè na zinc. Ha na-a ozuzu ala yist ibu na ina ke imewe nke ọkụ, mkpuchi na ngwaahịa, mica.

n'ikuku

Dual ammonium salts na-akwadebe site thermal saturation nke phosphoric acid na amonia ụfọdụ alkali. Industrial mmasị dimmoniyfosfat. Ọ na-emepụta site kwes ọgwụgwọ nke amonia na phosphoric acid. N'ihi na ihe ịga nke ọma N'ezie nke usoro na-achọ a okpomọkụ nke gburugburu 70 degrees Celsius. Usoro na-agụnye e guzobere a ọdịda nke aluminum phosphate na ígwè, nke bụkwa ya ulo oru ngwa.

Ụfọdụ ihe isi ike na abụọ salts aha n'ihi na eziokwu na ha nwere otú acid fọduru ma ọ bụ abụọ cations.

Magniyammoniyfosfat ina ke chemical ụlọ ọrụ, ya mere ya na usoro nke ihe e kere eke nwere ụfọdụ e ji mara. Iche ya na amonia gas mmịpụta phosphoric acid, nke a na-weere na a magnesium phosphate.

mgbagwoju ogige

N'agbata mgbagwoju na abụọ salts, e nwere ndị ụfọdụ iche. Ka anyị na-agbalị ịchọpụta na atụmatụ nke mgbagwoju salts. Ha mejupụtara na-atụ aro ọnụnọ nke a mgbagwoju ion, nke a na bracketed. Ke adianade dị otú ahụ ogige ugbu complexing (Central ion). Ọ gbara ndị ahụ, nke na-akpọ ligands. N'ihi mgbagwoju salts e ji stepwise dissociation. On akpa ogbo bụ guzobere mgbagwoju ion ka a cation ma ọ bụ anion. Ọzọkwa, e nwere a ele mmadụ anya n'ihu dissociation nke mgbagwoju ion na cation na ligands.

Atụmatụ salts nomenclature

Nyere na e nwere ọtụtụ ndị dị iche iche iche iche nke salts, ha nomenclature mmasị. Maka usoro salts aha na-eme dabere na anion (chloride, sulfate, nitrate), na nke na-agbakwunyere aha Russian metal. Ka ihe atụ, CaCO3 - bụ calcium carbonate.

The acid adianade salts ji hydro- consoles. Ka ihe atụ, KNSO3- potassium hydrogencarbonate.

Nomenclature isi salts na-agụnye iji hydroxo consoles. N'ihi ya, a nnu nke Al (OH) 2Cl a na-akpọ aluminum digidroksohlorid.

Mgbe aha abụọ nnu nwere abụọ cations, mbụ nyere aha anion, mgbe ahụ, depụta ma ọla esịne ke compound.

More mgbagwoju utu aha bụ ihe e ji mara nke mgbagwoju ogige. Na onwu e a pụrụ iche ngalaba na-emekọ na-amụ otú ahụ salts.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị enyochaa nkịtị Njirimara nke dị iche iche ndị nnọchiteanya nke abụọ nnu, ọ nwere ike na-ahụ kwuru na ha dị iche na budata na ha nwere ikike igbari na mmiri. N'etiti abụọ salts bụ ihe atụ nke bekee na-enwe ezi solubility ihe atụ, sodium chloride, potassium. N'etiti ufat soluble ogige agụnye abụọ salts nke phosphoric na silicic asịd.

Site chemical Njirimara abụọ salts ndị yiri nkịtị (nkezi) ike iwe iwe na asịd, ọzọ salts.

Nitrati na ammonium salts na-thermally akadiahade, akpụ ọtụtụ mmeghachi omume ngwaahịa.

N'ihe banyere electrolytic dissociation nke ndị dị otú ahụ ogige pụrụ inweta fọduru anions na metal cations. Ka ihe atụ, ire ere nke ion na aluminum potassium sulfate, na ngwọta e nwere ike ahụrụ aluminum na potassium cations na sulphate - ion.

Nkewa nke mixtures nke salts

Nyere na eke minerals nwere dị nnọọ abụọ metal, e nwere mkpa na-ekewa ha. N'etiti ọtụtụ ụzọ ikewapụ a ngwakọta nke salts nwere ike dịpụrụ adịpụ fractional crystallization. Nke a na usoro-agụnye mbido agbaze nke abụọ nnu, ya ụdi nkewa n'ime dị iche iche ogige, mgbe crystallization. Dị otú ahụ variant nkewa nke mixtures metụtara na onye ahụ dị nke bekee. Mgbe kewara a ngwakọta nke chemical ụzọ, reagents na-ahọrọ ndị na-elu àgwà ụfọdụ cations ma ọ bụ anions. Mgbe ọdịda nke akụkụ ụfọdụ abụọ nnu ọdịda a na-ewepụ.

Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, nkewa nke a ternary usoro bụ nke a siri ike na-adọ, na ugbu emulsion na-rụrụ site centrifugation.

ọgwụgwụ

Ugboro abụọ salts si dị iche na ndị ọzọ ụdị nke salts edidu ke usoro nke abụọ ọla. Dị ọcha ụdị, dị ogige na-adịkarịghị eji tumadi mbụ ha, iche site na nke anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ chemical ụzọ, na mgbe na-eji dị iche iche ebe nke ulo oru mmepụta. The abụọ salts eji na chemical ụlọ ọrụ dị ka a bụ isi iyi nke a plurality nke chọrọ kemịkal.