Vermeer Yan: osise. Dutch ese Jan Vermeer

Ese Jan Vermeer bụ otu n'ime ama nka nke a na-akpọ Golden Age of Dutch art. Ọ na-atụle a gara aga, nna ukwu nke ndị genre nke Eserese na genre sere. Aha ya bụ na a par na Frans Hals na Rembrandt. Ebe ọ bụ na ebe a mụrụ ya na ọnwụ bụ obodo nso The Hague, na Russian omenala nke art ọ na-akpọ Yan Vermeer Delft. N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-ele anya na nke ndụ na ọrụ nke na-ese.

Nwata na-eto eto

The kpọmkwem ụbọchị a mụrụ ya, anyị na-amaghị. Ma e mere ya baptizim na ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke October 1632, na otu nke parish ụka nke Delft. N'adịghị ka ihe niile echiche nke ezinụlọ buru ibu nke na oge, Jan Vermeer nna nwere, ma nwa, a nwaanyị. Ọ bụ na oge nke ọmụmụ a nwanne afọ iri na abụọ. About nne wizard Digna Baltes, anyị maara ihe fọrọ nke nta ihe ọ bụla. Janson Reyneer kpaliri site Antwerp ka Amsterdam na 1611 na e aku na-akpa ákwà silk. Ugbua lụrụ nwunye, ọ kwagara Delft ma zụta ndi-ije. Anyị amaghị ihe mere, ma n'ihi ihe ụfọdụ, o gbanwere aha ya na aha. Onye nwe hotel "Mechelen" Ugbu a na-akpọ Reiner van Vos. Ọ gbatara ịkpa ákwà jikọta Guild of St. Luke - shop, nke n'otu niile na-arụ ọrụ nke art. Na nke a "otu" na iri-na-afọ mbụ nke ndụ ma sonyere Vermeer Yan, onye osise na a afọ ole na ole nwere maa jijiji ụwa.

guzobere

Otu ihe doro anya: nwa-aga nna ya nzọụkwụ ma na-amụ na-akpa ákwà silk. Ònye na-enye ada ịmụta ihe? N'ihi na iji ghọọ onye òtù nke Guild of Saint Luke, ọ dị mkpa iji na-akpata aha nke ukwu. Na nke a, n'aka nke ya, na-kpọkwasịwo a kacha nta nke afọ isii nke ọmụmụ ihe na-anọ na ọnọdụ nke-amụ ọrụ. Ịdekọ na Yan Vermeer Delft ghọrọ onye òtù nke Guild, ọ bụ na njedebe nke December 1653. N'ihi ya, m kpebiri na a ọrụ na malitere izi a afọ iri na ụma na iri na ise afọ nke ndụ. Ònye bụ onye ozizi? Ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ na-ekweta na ọ pụrụ ịbụ ma Leonart Bramer, ma ọ bụ Gerard Ter Borch. E nwekwara a version na-adịghị hụrụ akwụkwọ na-egosi na mbụ nzọụkwụ ke mma art nke Jan Vermeer nyeere Carel Fabritius, a mbụ nwa Rembrandt. Adabere n'ihe ụfọdụ mmetụta na-eto eto na-ese nwere a Pieter de Hooch. Vermeer ịga nke ọma ya style of genre sere ya na ihe osise. Ma Hooch ike ịbụ onye nkụzi nke na-eto eto onye amamihe, n'ihi na o biri Delft naanị na 1652.

Personal ndụ

Mgbe ha ka a akwukwo maka ọnọdụ nke a free ukwu na Guild of Saint Luke, Jan Vermeer ndọ. Nhọrọ ya bụ Catharina Bolnes, nwa-nwayi nke a nke ọma na-azụ ahịa, owning a factory maka firing brik nso Delft. Na ụzọ alụmdi na nwunye nke ndị hụrụ na-eche ihe bụ nsogbu, ma ọ bụghị nke a na ihe onwunwe okike. The eziokwu na Jan Vermeer bụ site a Protestant ezinụlọ, na ya na-alụ ọhụrụ - si Catholic. The girl nne, Maria Bolnes, na mbụ flatly jụrụ ocho oru na aka nke nwa ya nwaanyị. O were ndị intercession Bramer, nwekwara a Catholic, ka obi nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na nne-nwunye ịrọ arọ. The agbamakwụkwọ wee ebe April 20, 1653. Dị ka nkwekọrịta, di na nwunye kwagara n'ime ụlọ nke nwunye. Ma omenka nọgidere na-akwado ya na nne, onye efehe na họtel. Na Jan Vermeer na Catharina Bolnes mụrụ iri na ise umu, ma naanị iri na otu ọbọhọ obere. Artists nke oge mgbe e sere na ya canvases nwunye ma ọ bụ ndị hụrụ. M na-agaghị anọ wezụga nke a na-emekarị na Vermeer Yan. artworks mgbe ụfọdụ ẹwụtde Catarina. Dị ka ihe atụ, anyị pụrụ ịhụ ya dị ime na kwaaji "A nwaanyị na arọ."

ọrụ ibu

artist ezinụlọ bụ ogbenye. Ná mmalite na-eri nri ndị ezinụlọ buru ibu nyeere ndị hotel "Mechelen", emi odude na isi ahịa square nke Delft. Dutch artists na-na-na-na-ada ogbenye. Osise na ihe nke etinyere art nnọọ ukwuu na ina ke Dutch ọha mmadụ. obere talent nwe ugbu amassing nnukwu mfep, na-eru na ọtụtụ ihe osise a ọnwa. Ma Jan Vermeer mere na-amasị iji ọsọ. O dere, sị abụọ osise n'oge afọ. Dị otú ahụ sluggishness nnọọ ewesa ya na nne-nwunye, ma ọ bụghị patrons. Ha bụ ndị dị njikere iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka ya osise a otutu ego. Isi admirers nke ukwu bu Hendrick van Buyten na Jekọb Dissius, achịcha na nkwusa nke Delft. The eziokwu na ihe osise Yana Vermeera dịkọrọ ndụ ekele, pụtara ìhè site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na onye na-ese na-ugboro abụọ hoputara onyeisi nke Guild of Saint Luke (na 1662-1663 na 1670-1671, karị).

The ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya

Master nke genre sere na kpọrọ dị ka ihe art nkatọ. Jikọrọ nke a bụ nanị otu n'ime ndu Vermeer njem nke obodo. Ọ ga-mgbe ekpe Delft ma ọ bụrụ na Frederick William m, Elector Brandenburzhskomu, ọ bụghị na-enye ịzụta a collection of Roman na Venetian osise. Nke ụgbọala na-ese dị ka otu ọkachamara na Hague elele izi ezi nke ihe osise. Chebere notarial n'omume, nke na-ekwu na nna ya ukwu Yordans Yakob na Vermeer Yan osise hụrụ abụghị ezigbo na uru a ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ajụ price. Dị otú ahụ na a amara artist fọkwara nke nta ụbọchị ya, ịda ogbenye. Ọ malitere Dutch-French agha, nke afọ asaa na 1672. Art ahia froze. Vermeer manyere gbaziri ego na-eri nri ndị ezinụlọ buru ibu. Na 1675, onye na-ese dara ọrịa ma nwụọ. Ya ketara ka la ụgwọ.

Vermeer Yan: ná mmalite nke creativity

Young Master dịwo anya n'okpuru nduzi nke Italian Baroque. Ya n'oge osise ekwu nnukwu na magburu oyiyi. The artist na-ezo aka okpukpe na-achị ( "Christ na Mary na nwanne ya nwaanyị Martha"). Ya mmetụta na Dutch nna ukwu nke genre sere nke Pieter de Hooch. Ya style hụrụ n'ihu na mmepe na ihe osise nke Vermeer. The kasị mkpa sere nke oge a nwere ike na-akpọ krupnofigurnoe sere "The pimp." Ọ na-kweere na ọnụ ọgụgụ na nri - a onwe-Eserese nke na-ese. Mejupụtara ihe osise "The pimp 'na-egbuke egbuke, nke jupụtara okorobịa ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na sensuality. Ụda agba n'atụghị egwu jikọtara na sonorous patches nke dị ọcha na agba. Ebe ọ bụ na mbubreyo 1650s artist mgbanwe image n'ụzọ. O dere, sị a obere sere na otu ma ọ bụ karịa na-agụ akụkọ na-elekwasị anya abụghị nke ukwuu akụkọ dị ka izugbe spirit, ikuku nke idaha. Otú ọ dị, ọ kwụrụ nso anya ka nkọwa, na-eche echiche ọkụ na-agbanwe ime nke obere obodo nke ụlọ. Ahụkarị nke oge a osise bụ "The Girl na akwụkwọ ozi", "The Milkmaid", "Mkpịsị".

Jan Vermeer "Girl na a Pearl ihe nti"

Nke a bụ ihe ndị kasị ama sere nke na-ese. Ọ bụ nke Hague Museum, ma ọ fọrọ nke nta mgbe enwetaghị na saịtị - mere mgbe ọ njegharị ụwa. A girl ẹwụtde ke sere na-akpọkarị "North Mona Lisa." Master na eserese a ruo n'isi ya amamihe. Young girl - dị ka a onye nke siri femininity. All ákwà jupụtara enweghi ngwụcha lyricism. The uzo isi na unprotected anya, pearly anụnụ anụnụ na agba ịchafụ na a ọchịchịrị ndabere, dị ka ọ na-achasi. Ònye na-ẹwụtde ke sere Yan Vermeer? Girl na a Pearl ihe nti ... Ọ pụrụ ịbụ na Mary - na ada nke na-ese. Ma, dị ka ndị na-emegide na-arụ ụka na nke a echiche, akpa-mụrụ na ezinụlọ pụtara na 1653. Ya mere, n'oge nke sere (1665) Mary bụ naanị iri na abua. Ihe ọ bụla bụ nwa agbọghọ na foto a, ọ bụ ka o doro anya na n'elu artist ada.

adịbeghị anya eserese

Ná ngwụsị nke 60-ies nke iri na asaa na narị afọ, ndị na-ese gbanwere ya style a obere bit. Ugbu a, ọ nwere ihe abụọ mmasị themes egosi. Nke a gentlemen na ladies bụ ndị gallant mkparịta ụka, iri mmanya ma ọ bụ na-egwu music na a n'ụba doziekwa ụlọ. Dị ka ihe atụ, "Ịhụnanya Letter" na "The nwa agbọghọ na guitar." A abụọ isiokwu - ndị na ịnụ ọkụ n'obi banyere ọrụ ha. The ịmata uche nke mmadụ na-ẹwụtde ke osise nke "-enyocha mbara igwe", "Geography", "Na-ese si studio." Labour na Employment nke nwanyi - bụ ihe ọzọ na nke, nke e zoro aka na njedebe nke ya obere ndụ Vermeer Jan. Egosipụta "The Lacemaker", "The Lady na spinet", "Nwaanyị na Blue Reading a Letter" na "The girl na-agbalị na a olu" - na-egbuke egbuke swatches nke oge nke-ese.