12 na abụọ nke cranial akwara: tebụl. Cranial akwara: nkesa na a nkenke nkọwa

Akwara inyịme si na n'èzí ụbụrụ, na-akpọ cranial irighiri akwara. Nkesa na a nkenke nkọwa ha n'otu n'otu na-atụle n'isiokwu na-esonụ.

Types of irighiri akwara na daa ọrịa

E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke irighiri akwara:

• moto;
• mbuaha;
• mmetụta ọsọ ọsọ.

Neurology moto cranial akwara dị ka mwute na ngwakọ, kwuworo ngosipụta na ọkachamara nwere ike mfe ịchọpụta. Ke adianade dịpụrụ adịpụ ọnya nke onye irighiri akwara nwere ike na-emetụta na ndị na-na n'otu oge ahụ ka dị iche iche iche iche. N'ihi ihe ọmụma nke ha na ọnọdụ na ọrụ ọ bụ ike ọ bụghị naanị ịghọta ihe ụdị akwara agbajikwa, ma localize otụk ebe. Nke a na-aghọ ndị a pụrụ iru site pụrụ iche na usoro iji elu-tech akụrụngwa. Ihe atụ, na ophthalmic omume, iji oge a na nkà na ụzụ, ọ bụ ike ịmata ala nke fundus, na optic akwara, iji chọpụta na ubi nke na-ele na hearths ọnwụ.

Good uru na-egosipụta carotid angiography na verterbalnaya. Ma ihe ọmụma zuru ezu pụrụ inweta site na iji agbakọrọ tomography. Na ya, ị pụrụ ịhụ onye akwara Kporo ma mata na etuto ahụ na ndị ọzọ na mgbanwe na auditory, visual na ndị ọzọ iwe.

Inyocha trigeminal na auditory akwara e mere omume site na usoro nke cortical somatosensory potentials. Ọzọkwa na nke a, ndị audiograph na nistagmografiya.

Development electromyography gbasaa ohere ihe ọmụma zuru ezu banyere cranial irighiri akwara. Ugbu a, ị nwere ike inyocha ihe atụ, itabi mpiaji nzaghachi, n'amaghi muscle ọrụ na ọdịdị ihu na ịta uru nke ire, okpo ọnụ, na na.

Birinụ na onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị a ụzọ abụọ nke irighiri akwara. Na ngụkọta e nwere 12 na abụọ nke cranial irighiri akwara. Isiokwu, ebe ha na-depụtara na njedebe nke isiokwu. Ka ọ dịgodị, ka anyị tụlee nke ọ bụla nke na abụọ iche iche.

1 ụzọ. nkọwa

Nke a na-agụnye olfactory akwara si otu mmetụta ọsọ ọsọ. Mgbe a ihe nnabata mkpụrụ ndụ gbasasịa ke epithelium nke gọzie gị oghere na olfactory òkè. Thin akwara cell ejiji lekwasị ke olfactory filaments emejupụta ndị olfactory irighiri akwara. Si gọzie gị akwara abatakwa cranial oghere site oghere nke efere nke ethmoid ọkpụkpụ, na-agwụ na a bọlbụ site na nke sitere Central olfactory ụzọ.

2 ụzọ. visual akwara

Nke a na-agụnye a ụzọ optic akwara, weere na ọ na-enwe mmetụta ọsọ ọsọ otu. neuronal axons ebe a na-aga site okporo efere nke nwa anya otu gbọmgbọm, nke dara n'ime cranial oghere. Ke ukot nke ụbụrụ emep uta eri ndị a akwara na abụọ converge na ike ụzọ na optic chiasm. Ụzọ gaa thalamus na geniculate ahụ ohiri isi, mgbe nke Central visual ụzọ eduzi ndị occipital n'ọnụ ọnụ nke ụbụrụ.

3 Alụlụụ. efferent akwara

Oculomotor (moto), kere site akwara ozi inyịme si irighiri akwara na-emi odude ke isi awọ okwu nke ụbụrụ n'okpuru na-agba ọsọ mmiri. Iji isi ya na-aga n'etiti ụkwụ, na mgbe odụk anya orbit na innervates muscle (ma e wezụga n'ihi na n'elu na elu oblique akara nke ha innervation izute ndị ọzọ cranial irighiri akwara, 12 na abụọ, na-egosi nke table n'ụzọ doro anya na-egosi na ha niile jikọrọ). Nke a bụ n'ihi na e dere na akwara ozi nke parasympathetic.

4 Alụlụụ. pathetic

Na nke a ụzọ na-agụnye trochlear akwara (moto) si na isi n'okpuru ọrịa ụbụrụ akwedokt na ihu elu nke ụgbọ mmiri na mpaghara nke ụbụrụ. Na nke a akụkụ amama chiasm, ekwe nke ụkwụ na penetration n'ime orbit. Nke a ụzọ innervated elu oblique muscle.

5, a ụzọ nke 12 na abụọ nke cranial akwara

Isiokwu na-aga n'ihu trigeminal akwara metụtara ama mbuaha. Na ya ugbu ogwe sensory na moto nuclei na na ndabere nke - ha mgbọrọgwụ na alaka. Sensory esiwọrọ sitere si usu sel nke trigeminal onye dendrites ike elu alaka na innervate akpụkpọ n'ihu ahịa ala isi na ihu, ezé goms, ocular conjunctiva, mucous membranes nke imi, ọnụ, ire.
Motor emep uta eri (si trigeminal akwara) jikọọ na mandibular akwara alaka ụlọ ọrụ, na-anwale innervate masticatory uru.

6 ụzọ. abducens

Next akụkụ nke 12 na abụọ nke cranial irighiri akwara (Isiokwu nyere ya moto irighiri akwara otu) na-agụnye a ụzọ abducens. Ọ na-amalite site na cell nuclei na pons, emekarị ihe na isi na-aga n'ihu na orbital oghere na elu na mgbe ahụ ka anya anya. Ọ na-enye ogologo anya mọzụlụ (elu).

7 uzuoku. facialis

Nke a ụzọ mejupụtara ndị ọdịdị ihu akwara (moto) site si cell ejiji moto ntọala. The emep uta eri na-amalite na na aro na ala nke-anọ ventricle, rue gburugburu anọ akwara ntọala ala na ala na-aga n'ime a akwa-cerebellar n'akuku. Ọ na-ahụ na-akpali na auditory oghere, n'ime kanaal nke ọdịdị ihu akwara. Mgbe parotid gland, ọ ekewa alaka na innervate na ọdịdị ihu uru na ọdịdị ihu, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ọzọkwa, ọ gbatịrị si n'otù alaka azuokokoosisi innervates muscle dina n'etiti ntị.

8 uzuoku. auditory akwara

Nke asatọ ụzọ nke 12 na abụọ nke cranial irighiri akwara (Isiokwu classifies ya chebaara akwara) mejupụtara auditory ma ọ bụ vestibulocochlear akwara, nke na-agụnye a abụọ n'akụkụ: onye vestibular na cochlear. Cochlear akụkụ mejupụtara dendrites na axons nke gburugburu ọnụ na ọkpụkpụ cochlea. Ndị ọzọ so gbatịrị si vestibular ọnụ na ala nke auditory meatus. Akwara na abụọ na jikọọ na ntị kanaal na auditory akwara.

The emep uta eri nke vestibular ọgwụgwụ na nuclei na-rhomboid fossa na cochlear - cochlear nuclei na ndị pons.

9 ụzọ. glossopharyngeal akwara

Isiokwu cranial irighiri akwara na-aga n'ihu itoolu ụzọ, nke na-anọchi anya ndị glossopharyngeal akwara. Ọ na-agụnye sensory, moto, secretory eriri na ekpomeekpo. E nwere ezigbo njikọ na vagus irighiri akwara na márá. Ọtụtụ na-ewere isi nke akwara dị na medulla oblongata. Ha na-na-akọrọ ndị iri na iri na abụọ na abụọ.

Akwara ozi abụọ na-jikọtara n'ime gbọmgbọm, na-ahapụ cranial oghere. Maka posterior atọ nke okpo ọnụ na asụsụ bụ uto na sensory akwara na n'ime ntị na pharynx - mwute, n'ihi na pharynx - a moto maka parotid glands - secretory.

10 Alụlụụ. vagus

Next table cranial irighiri akwara na-aga n'ihu ụzọ esịnede nke vagus akwara, nke na-nyere iche iche ọrụ. Ogwe amalite site na mgbọrọgwụ n'ime medulla oblongata. Pụtasịrị cranial uji eze, pharynx akwara innervates striated uru na nke nkọlọ, na mbara igwe, na oghere eji ekunye ume, bronchi na digestive akụkụ.

Sensory esiwọrọ innervate ndị occipital mpaghara nke ụbụrụ, n'èzí auditory meatus, fọdụrụ akụkụ. Secretory emep uta eri na-eduzi ndị na afo na pancreas, vasomotor - agbanye, parasympathetic - obi.

11 ụzọ. Description nke ngwa akwara

Ọkọnọ a ụzọ ngwa akwara mee nke elu na nke ala òkè. The mbụ na-abịa site moto ntọala nke medulla oblongata, na nke abụọ - si ntọala ka mpi nke ọgidigi azụ. The mgbọrọgwụ jikọọ ọ bụla ọzọ na iputa si okpokoro isi na iri abuo. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-aga ka vagus akwara.

Ọ innervates uru - sternoclavicular-mastoid na trapezoidal.

12 ụzọ

Ọ na-agwụ na a nchịkọta table nke cranial irighiri akwara na a di na nwunye nke na-hypoglossal akwara. Ya isi bụ na ala nke medulla oblongata. Pụtasịrị okpokoro isi, ọ na-enye uru asụsụ.

Ndị dị otú ahụ ezi ihe nlereanya circuit 12 di na nwunye na-cranial irighiri akwara. Iji ichikota n'elu.

Lee anya na ndepụta ahụ, nke na-egosi na cranial irighiri akwara, 12 na abụọ. ndị na-esonụ na tebụl.

ọgwụgwụ

Nke a bụ data Ọdịdị na akwara ọrụ. Ọ bụla ụzọ na-arụ a dị oké mkpa ọrụ. Kwa akwara bụ a akụkụ nke a nnukwu usoro, na-adabere na ya dị ka nke ọma dị ka dum usoro - si arụ ọrụ nke onye akwara.