Agbọpụta ọkụ: agbọpụta ọkụ Ọdịdị, na ụdị na ugboro ole nke ọkọ

Taa, anyị na-ele anya na a na-akpali isiokwu, dị ka agbọpụta ọkụ. Ọdịdị nke agbọpụta ọkụ na ha nhazi ọkwa na-kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu nke isiokwu a.

Agbọpụta ọkụ nwetara aha ya site na aha Vulcan, chi nke ọkụ. Ha na-anọchi anya geological formations na-erukwa n'elu ọwa na cracks na ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ. Large agbọpụta ọkụ na isu n'ihu unu, ọ bụghị na-enweghị atụ ntem. Na ụwa elu site cracks na ọwa ejected lava rock iberibe na-ekpo ọkụ, haruru si a magmatic isi iyi. Agbọpụta ọkụ na-a apịaji ngwaahịa eruptions onye ugwu. Ha nwere ike iru a elu nke ibu nha. Ka ihe atụ, ndị kasị ibu agbọpụta ọkụ nke Africa - ọ bụ Kilimanjaro (5895 mita), Cameroon (4100 mita) na Ugwu Teide (3,718 mita).

Nwuchapu, dormant na agbọpụta ọkụ

N'ihi na ugbu a bụ ndị na nke ugbu ịgbọpụta intermittently ma ọ bụ nọgidere. Ka ihe atụ, ugbu a African agbọpụta ọkụ - ọ bụ Nyiragongo, Meru, Karisimbi, Phaco, Teide. Ụra - a agbọpụta ọkụ, nke na-adịghị ọmụma eruptions, ma ha nọ na-ha udi na obodo ala ọma jijiji n'okpuru ha. Nwuchapu zoro blurry na merụsịrị mebiri emebi, ọ bụghị agbọpụta ọkụ. Photos of n'ọrụ ugwu mgbawa Arenal, emi odude ke Costa Rica, na-dị n'okpuru.

Division fissure agbọpụta ọkụ na etiti

Agbọpụta ọkụ na-ekewa n'ime Central fissure na udi nke nri ọwa. Ịtụle ihe owuwu nke ugwu mgbawa (atụmatụ e gosiri n'okpuru), ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na elu mantle magma-ulo nwere ike ịbụ na a omimi nke banyere 50-70 kilomita (e.g., ugwu mgbawa Kamchatka Kluchevskaya Knoll). Ha nwekwara ike ịbụ na ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ na a omimi nke 5-6 mita (Italian ugwu mgbawa Vesuvius gbawara) ma ọ bụ miri.

Ogologo oge na-adịghị adịte ọkọ

Mgbawa ugwu ndị nwere ike ịbụ ogologo (site na ọtụtụ afọ ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ) na na-adịghị adịte, nke na-tụrụ site na elekere. Ọ nwere ike ekewet ha precursors now phenomena, mgbawa ugwu ala ọma jijiji, mgbanwe ndị mejupụtara na magnetik Njirimara fumarole, haruru ka nke ọma dị ka ndị ọzọ phenomena, akara tupu agbọpụta ọkụ n'obi na-akpali. Photo nke ugwu mgbawa na-dị n'okpuru.

Olee otú amalite ọkọ?

A, ọ na-amalite na amplification emee, haruru. Ha na-chụpụrụ na mbụ na oyi na-atụ, ọchịchịrị lava rubble, na mgbe ahụ na-acha uhie uhie-ekpo ọkụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị a umu anwuru na-ebu ihe ẹyenọ lava. Site 1 5 kilomita, dabere na ike nke ntiwapụ dịgasị ndị inwego ego nke lava iberibe jupụta mmiri vepo na okpomọkụ, na, haruru. Na nnukwu ugwu mgbawa ugwu nwere ike hapụ ngwaahịa na ọbụna karị elu. Dị ka ihe atụ, na 1956 afọ Kamchatka n'oge mgbawa nke na ugwu mgbawa Nameless ọ bụ 45 kilomita. Na anya nke a ole na ole ọtụtụ puku mmadụ iri puku kilomita bufee ejected ihe onwunwe. Ya olu mgbe ụfọdụ esịmde a ole na ole cubic kilomita. The ikuku ịta nke mgbawa ugwu ash na ụfọdụ eruptions pụrụ ịbụ nnọọ ukwuu nke na e nwere ọchịchịrị, pụrụ iji tụnyere ọchịchịrị n'ime ụlọ. Ọ na-e kwuru, akpan akpan, obodo nke eme, emi odude 40 km si ugwu mgbawa Nameless, na 1956.

Okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu nke ugwu mgbawa,-egosi n'okpuru, ga-enyere gị aka ịghọta ya Ọdịdị.

Gịnị na-ịgbọpụta?

Mgbawa - a eri oké nri nke ike ma na-adịghị ike mgbawa ma lava aga. Oke ike ntiwapụ akpọ njedebe paroksizom. Mbenata ike nke mgbawa ma mgbe a jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na cessation nke eruptions hụrụ mgbe ha. Ọtụtụ cubic kilomita nke lava streamed otutu nnukwu agbọpụta ọkụ. The foto n'okpuru na-egosi Ọdịdị nke ahụ ugwu mgbawa. Atụmatụ a na-enye a doro anya na foto nke otú ọ etiwapụ.

ụdị eruptions

Ọ bụghị mgbe niile otu ọkọ. Ha na-4 ụdị dabere viscosity nke lava na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na ngwaahịa (siri ike, gaseous na mmiri mmiri): na-agbawa agbawa (Vulcan), extrusion (dome), weere (Strombolian) na effusive (Hawaiian).

Hawaiian ụdị, mgbe mgbe, na-eke a na ọta ugwu mgbawa, e ji dịtụ jụụ ẹyenọ basalt (mmiri mmiri) lava na Nleta na craters na lava aga enwu enwu mmiri mmiri ọdọ. Ẹdude a obere ego nke gas isi-iyi ụdị nke emit tụlee na ọkpụrụkpụ wụrụ awụ lava na-wetara n'ime mkpa strands nke iko n'oge ụgbọ elu.

The strombolian ụdị, nke na-emekarị ike Strato-agbọpụta ọkụ, tinyere a pụtara ukwuu na andesitic lava aga nke basaltic mejupụtara na-adịkwaghị obere mgbawa, n'oge nke emit iberibe slag, yana dị iche iche spindly agbagọ bombu.

The dome ụdị bụ gaseous bekee akpọ ọrụ dị mkpa. Ha na-emepụta mgbawa ma umu anwuru nke nnukwu nwa n'ígwé ojii jupụtara ìgwè iberibe lava. Obere lava aga etolite viscous andesite.

eruptions ngwaahịa

Solid, gas na mmiri mmiri dị iche mgbawa ugwu ngwaahịa. Mgbawa ugwu, haruru na-tọhapụrụ ma n'oge ọkọ (akpọ eruptive), na n'oge jụụ ọrụ ugwu mgbawa (furamolnye) site cracks nke bụ na ugwu mgbawa, na site kwa na ya na ndagwurugwu ahụ pyroclastic nkume na lava aga etolite isi iyi dị ọkụ, na-agafe site na ala.

Lava - incandescent ma ọ bụ nnọọ viscous mmiri mmiri, tumadi silicate uka nke a na-wụsara site mgbawa ugwu ndị na Earth ala (lee nọchiri n'okpuru ugwu mgbawa na cross ngalaba.). mgbawa nkume kpụrụ mgbe ọ solidifies.

Volcanics (mgbawa ugwu na oké nkume) - nkume na-guzobere n'ihi nke mgbawa ugwu eruptions. Na-na-akwanyere ùgwù, dabere ma uma nwere ọkọ effusive ma ọ bụ effusive (diabase, liparites, trachyte, andesite, basalt, na ndị ọzọ.) Pyroclastic ma ọ bụ mgbawa ugwu-clastic (mgbawa ugwu breccia tuffs) mgbawa nkume.

mgbawa ugwu nkeji

Tectonic kpatara (tectonic ezumike) - a na-eme n'ihi na jikọrọ ọnụ mmegharị nkume ike n'ezi mebiri (otiti, laa azu mmejọ, mgbanwe, discharges, wdg).

The foto n'okpuru na-egosi layout nke ugwu mgbawa.

Dabere na ndị mejupụtara na ọdịdị nke mgbawa ugwu magma n'elu owuwu enwe dị iche iche elu na shapes. Oge ọ bụla bụ a pụrụ iche Ọdịdị nke ahụ ugwu mgbawa. The image n'elu - nke a bụ naanị otu ihe atụ. Mgbawa ngwaọrụ iso nke a mgbape ma ọ bụ a tubular ọwa, na-ekupụ (ihe elu nke ọwa), vulkanooblomochnyh ngwaahịa na lava Mkpokota gburugburu si n'akụkụ niile a ọwa, na a na ndagwurugwu ahụ (foneelu ekara ma ọ bụ cup ekara ezumike na n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ n'elu ugwu mgbawa, na dayameta nke nke àmà site a ole na ole mita na ọtụtụ kilomita ). The kasị forms na-tapered, na a predominance nke emission nke dị iche iche detritus, na domed (mgbe squeezed viscous lava).

Ọ bụghị naanị na site na vertices nke isi oghere ime ọkọ, kamakwa site n'akụkụ (ma na-akpọ parasitic) craters nke nwere agbọpụta ọkụ. Structure eruptions ji na na craters na-akwado mkpọda, nakwa dị ka ụfọdụ anya si isi vertices. Mgbe mgbe, otu eruptions, haruru na banye n'ime ụwa elu ọwa kpụrụ foneelu ekara Ikuku. Ha na-n'ókè site annular aro, esịnede nkanka nke dị iche iche udiri anumanu. Ọtụtụ mgbe a craters na-jupụtara na mmiri. Ha na-akpọ Maar. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ihe ike ọkọ so site eziokwu na akụkụ nke mgbawa ugwu owuwu crumble. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-emetụta ebe nke dị nso agbọpụta ọkụ. Ọdịdị nke agbọpụta ọkụ na mgbe ụfọdụ na-eduga ná ya ida. Ikuku a, nke na-guzobere n'oge a n'obosara a na-enweta site na ọtụtụ na ọtụtụ iri puku kwuru iri kilomita. Ha na-akpọ calderas.

mmiri n'okpuru osimiri agbọpụta ọkụ

Ọdịdị nke agbọpụta ọkụ anyị tụlere. Ọ ga-kwuru na otu onye n'ime ha na umu bụ mmiri n'okpuru osimiri, emi odude na ala nke ọdọ mmiri. Taa obodo achịkọta eruptions nke ụdị na-lekwasị tumadi n'ime atọ mgbawa ugwu zones: Atlantic, Mediterranean-Indonesian na Pacific. Dị ka otu nnyocha nke gara aga nke ụwa anyị si ele ihe anya nke geology, na ya akporo na na okwu nke umu anwuru na ngwaahịa na-abịa site Earth, ha na-budata elu karịa n'ala. Ọ bụrụ na-eme kwa afọ n'ala 20-30 eruptions na nkezi na-abịa 1.5 cubic kilomita nke wụrụ awụ magma n'afọ, si undersea agbọpụta ọkụ na n'otu oge ahụ ọ gbawara 12-15 ugboro ọzọ ihe. Active okpuru mmiri agbọpụta ọkụ akwado ndụ dị n'ime mmiri nke oké osimiri nso n'elu. Na site na ya na n'aka na-adabere na ego nke greenhouse aputa, oga etinye obi gị dum na oké osimiri.

The mgbawa nke mmiri n'okpuru osimiri agbọpụta ọkụ

Ọ bụrụ na-esite na-emi odude n'elu mgbawa ugwu n'ekwú pyroclastic ihe onwunwe n'oge mgbawa nke jupụta na mmiri na mgbe ahụ na-agbasa gburugburu hearth. N'ihi na oge mbụ dị otú ahụ ego na e kọwara na Philippines. A kpụrụ ha n'oge ahụ merenụ na 1968, mgbawa nke Taal ugwu mgbawa, nke bụ na ala nke ọdọ mmiri a. The ego nke ụdị na-abụkarị ndị aghụghọ wavy n'ígwé nke nkume ọkụ. Islands pụrụ kpụrụ site mgbawa nke agbọpụta ọkụ. Nke a, ka ihe atụ, emi odude ke Indian Ocean, mgbawa ugwu agwaetiti Reunion.

Akpata mgbawa ugwu ahụ

Chiri anya dị n'etiti ndị na-akpụ akpụ akụkụ nke Earth jikọrọ ọnụ na mgbawa ugwu ahụ zones na-egosi na obodo ebe a agbọpụta ọkụ. Guzobere ndị dị otú ahụ zones mmejọ na-ọwa site na nke magma akpali ka elu. Na nke a emee, o doro anya na n'okpuru nduzi nke dị iche iche tectonic Filiks. Mgbe nrụgide nke gas etisasịwo ke magma dị ukwuu karịa nsogbu na omimi nke overlying, ha na-amalite ime ka elu, ndị na-ebu magma. Ikekwe, n'oge crystallization nke magma eme gas mgbali mgbe Alụlụụ na mmapụta, haruru mma ya mmiri mmiri akụkụ. Magma ka Juda. N'ekwú elu nsogbu na-kere allocating a nnukwu ego nke gaseous bekee. Ọ nwekwara ike ịbụ otu n'ime ndị na-akpata nke ọkọ.

Guzobere na Ọdịdị nke ahụ ugwu mgbawa - isiokwu bụ nnọọ akpali. N'isiokwu a, anyị na-eji nkenke oge-ele anya na ha. The esịtidem Ọdịdị nke ahụ ugwu mgbawa bụ ka nwere mmasị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-eme nnyocha. Ha ka na-aku ya ọmụmụ.

N'ihi na oge mbụ mgbe ya na-aga akwụkwọ, anyị bụ ndị maara na ihe a ugwu mgbawa. Geography na-enye anyị ohere na-eru nso na-aghọta otú anyị planet bụ ndokwa. The ụwa bụ fraught na ọtụtụ egwuregwu mgbagwoju anya na-edozi na-ọgbọ ọzọ. N'ezie, n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, anyị na-ekwu naanị ẹkenemede mgbe anyị na-amụ ihe owuwu nke ugwu mgbawa. Class 5 - bụghị na mgbe ị ga-aga na nke a isiokwu. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ ga-mere na kwesịrị. Anyị na-atụ ị mụtara ihe ọhụrụ site isiokwu a.