Agụ ndepụta Brodsky: reviews

List Brodsky - ihe ọ bụ? Nke a abụghị nnọọ a ndepụta nke akwụkwọ, a mụrụ a ọrịa strok nke pen pụtara ìhè na-ede uri na-ede edemede. Ọ bụ ya onwe ya ụzọ amụta akwụkwọ. Ọ na kachasị onye bi na 70 ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Mgbe niile, ndị mmadụ ga-agụ a otutu ezi akwụkwọ tupu ha aghọọ a na-ede uri ma ọ bụ a dere. Brodsky atụle uru na omume nke aesthetes ọgbọ ya na ndị na-eme "nanị na nsinammuo," meghere ụzọ maka ihe e kere eke nke a ọjọọ mmadu, ụkpụrụ, nke a aka ike na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Iosif Aleksandrovich - ihe ịtụnanya onye. Bụ ihe pụrụ iche na ya biography. Ọ bụghị ya, ya anya ka ihe na-a n'ụzọ pụrụ iche - na-a na-ede uri na-ede edemede na-emepụta n'out oge abụọ na-abụghị na-ekwu, na USSR na USA, na-aga, nke na-ede uri na njedebe, ka e lie Venice, na ebe omumu nke Renaissance na X region nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom !

Nadezhda Mandelstam, otu agadi nwanyị, onye otu ugboro anwawo ikwu akara aka nke na-eto eto Brodsky: "Ọ - mma ... obere, kama m na-atụ egwu na a ga idifọnke." Na otú ọ bụ na Iosifom Aleksandrovichem: na USSR, ọ kwụsịrị na-ebipụta, na mgbe ahụ, ọ na United States.

Brodsky ude ná mba ọzọ

List Brodsky maara na e dere site na ya na n'etiti seventies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, n'oge na-amanye njem na United States. Na oké osimiri a, ọ nọgidere na-ọnọdụ nke ise American mahadum prọfesọ. The ọrụ nke agụmakwụkwọ utu aha nke a onye na-onwe-akụziri afọ 15, bụ a nweela nke ude nke ya dị ike ọgụgụ isi.

Na US, Prọfesọ anọgide dịrị ndụ na obodo atọ: mbụ na Ann Arbor, mgbe ahụ, New York na n'ikpeazụ - na South Hadley.

The criterion nke nhọrọ nke akwụkwọ na ndepụta Brodsky

Onye nkụzi na-adịghị nanị chọrọ ime ka ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ n'ime ndị maara akwụkwọ. Ọ gbalịrị iji gbanwee àgwà ha na asụsụ.

The amalite ọ mepụtara Roadmap maka eso (Brodsky ndepụta) bụ ihota ihe e kwuru a uri site Briton William Auden si "Na Memory nke US Geological B. Yeytsa", nke na-ekwu na naanị a mepere emepe echiche nke asụsụ nwere ike "eruda", "kpalie" nwoke na uri art.

Na-emezu nke a ime mmụọ ihe, na-akpali ndị ọchịchọ onwe onye na-akụziri, agaghị ekwe omume. American prọfesọ nke Soviet si ụmụ akwụkwọ zụrụ n'aka eccentric ebube. Ọ bụ onye nkụzi nke pụrụ iche, na-achọ ụmụ akwụkwọ ihe na-agụ a plurality nke iberibe, onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị a na-eto eto nwere ike ịghọta ede akwụkwọ si aesthetics. Inwale maara ihe pedagogical ngwaọrụ professors ekwesịghị si ele ihe anya nke ọkà mmụta, na site n'akụkụ nke na-ede uri-omume.

Sense nke asụsụ dị ka Alfa na Omega nke ịghọ a na-ede uri

Ònye nwere oké onye uri ahụmahụ na ogologo na-abreast nke ụwa omenala, Iosif Aleksandrovich kwenye rụrụ ụka na guzobe nke na-ede uri anaghị si "akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ maka creativity" na bụghị site a nghọta doro anya nke iwu nke ihe e kere eke nke poems. The isi mma nke onye dị otú ahụ, dị ka Brodsky, bụ nanị "a n'echiche nke asụsụ." Enweghị ya, uri bụ ihe nwụrụ anwụ.

Russian na-asụ Internet ọrụ mgbe ụfọdụ na-egosipụta meekwa na edemede n'ihi na anọghị na ndepụta nke ọrụ na-ede uri Pushkin, Lermontov, na-aghọta ya dị ka ụdị ụfọdụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị insinuations. N'eziokwu, ọ dị, ọ bụ eleghi anya ha nwere ike aka.

N'ezie, ndị ndepụta Brodsky dere American ozizi ụmụ akwụkwọ ya. Na ụfọdụ ụmụ akwụkwọ bụ nwa afọ English okwu. Ya mere, ndepụta haziri site na-ede uri, ndị dere ọkọnọ, gravitating ka Western ụkpụrụ. Na njedebe, anyị na-ata ụta: na-ede uri, "na-eje ije ụkwụ ọtọ na aguba nke ihu" na "ọnwụ n'ime ọbara nke ndị dị ndụ mkpụrụ obi," ga-nụrụ n'ụlọ, aghọta, ghọtara na ọ bụ ya ndị mmadụ. Mgbe ahụ ga-Brodsky e jidere ya ma jee biri n'ala, na ọ ga-e dere a ndepụta maka Russian na-asụ ụmụ akwụkwọ. Na na ikpeazụ na-gaara Pushkin, Lermontov, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ...

Brodsky na mmalite nke uri ọrụ

Iosif Aleksandrovich emeghị ka a nzuzo n'okpuru mkpọchi na isi ha n'ime abụ uri. Ọ gwara ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ na ya-eto eto, afọ 15, o dere uri sporadically na-enweghị usoro. N'otu oge, mgbe ọ bụ 16, ọ kpọọrọ na geological njem. M na-arụ ọrụ na nso Chinese ókè-ala, nke dị n'ebe ugwu district. Amur.

The njem, ọ na-agụ a olu nke uri Baratynsky, na-ede uri nke XIX na narị afọ (na-akpakọrịta Pushkin). Ọ bụ abụ uri of Yevgeny Abramovich na ha mmetụta na Brodsky kwadoro ya "n'echiche nke asụsụ." Echiche nke creativity Baratynsky kpaliri ya ịzụlite, ada na-ede uri dee a n'ezie ezi uri.

Mgbe e mesịrị Petersburg okorobịa bụ onye so dee rịbara ọtụtụ Atụmatụ nke ya agadi ọrụ, ndị na-ede uri Evgeniya Reyna, onye ruo mgbe ọnwụ ya na-ewere dị ka onye nke kasị mma na Russia.

Site n'ụzọ, na ya mbụ njikọ e zigara m Iosif Aleksandrovich n'ihi na ọ bụ na nọ nke ihe nke pụrụ iche ọrụ (na ha na-mgbe niile na-ele iwe iwe Ahmatovoy, onye ya na ndị na-ede uri zutere).

The kasị mbụ nkụzi na ya ndepụta

Ya nwa akwụkwọ, Sven Birkerts, onye ghọrọ ama edemede nkatọ, na-ekwu na ya na ụmụ klas Brodsky echeta ya dị ka ma ndị kasị njọ onye nkụzi, na otu aka, ndị kasị adọrọ adọrọ na - na ndị ọzọ.

Gịnị mere ndị kasị njọ (ọhụrụ ịnụ na okwu na onodu nke aha a ma ama na-ede uri)? Sven juputara na-aza ajụjụ a. The eziokwu na Joseph A. nnọọ mere ihe ọ bụla na-akpali ndị nnukwu nke na-amụrụ ahu nke akwụkwọ.

Ọ bụ mmadụ ime ihe masịrị, na a ndepụta Brodsky aro ya onye mmepe ọ bụla adept. Ma, ndị na ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ka na-ewute na-agụ akwụkwọ ahụ, gosiri na ọ pụrụ mgbe ịdabere na ndụmọdụ, na-ekwu na Master. Dị ka memoirs nke dịkọrọ ndụ, Brodsky olu na-esikarị jupụta hues. O kwuru a obere na imi, na gwara ọ bụ mgbe niile na-akpali. Friends egwuregwu a na-akpọ ya "onye-ọla gbalaga."

Nkeji nke ya eziokwu kwuo na ụmụ akwụkwọ nke price bụ.

Pedagogies Joseph Alexandrovich, dị ka cheta Sven Birkerts, bụ ihe pụrụ iche. Onye Ozizi kama bụghị kụziiri akwụkwọ, na-agbalị igosi na àgwà.

Nro nke nmikpu nime akwụkwọ

Ọ bụ ná mmalite nke ụzọ nkenke adade otu n'ime pụtara ìhè ọrụ, nke jupụtara na-eyi egwu ụfọdụ ụmụ akwụkwọ umengwụ ndepụta Brodsky. Ma mgbe ahụ, m jụrụ banyere mmetụta mere site Akhmatova uri ma ọ bụ Montale isere ụmụ akwụkwọ n'ime arena, kpesịrị ama Sergeya Dyagileva quote: "Iju m." Ọ dịghị mfe American okoro ma ọ bụ nwa agbọghọ na-akọwa ihe atụ, ọ bụrụ na jisiri ọma egosi Akhmatova ọku idaha ma ọ bụ na-ekpughe imagery "Iliad."

Bụghị onye ọ bụla e degaara kasị elu otuto Brodsky. Single okwu "ebube" Ọtụtụ mgbe, nkezi na-amụrụ bụ banal agbabawo ya nghọtahie. Brodsky n'oge a squeezed na n'aka onye unlit sịga ...

Ma n'azụ a niile edinam bụ a bukwanu òkè nke ọchị. Mgbe na-ege ntị ná mgbalị nke ndị na-amụrụ, Iosif Aleksandrovich emepụta ya a ma ama miri emi ume, anya gburugburu klas ahụ dum wee malite ikwu okwu. Ọ jụrụ ajụjụ na ọ zara ha. O duuru ha na ụmụazụ ha site n'obere ọhịa nke ụda na mkpakọrịta jupụta pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche nke-ege ya ntị mata nke-atụ n'anya ike nke asụsụ. Sven Birkerts na ụmụ akwụkwọ dị ka ya, gara nzukọ na a echiche nke-adịghị ahụ anya agha gbara ha gburugburu, ma n'enweghị ndị bịara buru na nkịtị ndụ.

US Humanities ekele ndepụta

Agụ ndepụta Brodsky pụtara otutu nzọụkwụ ke kpụworo-eto eto ndị America. Ha mbụ zụọ Dzhona Dyui usoro, ha nwere na nkà nke onwe ha echiche, ikike oké inwale na-elekọta mmadụ a. Ma Iosif Aleksandrovich amataghị nke usoro ihe a. Na mbu ihe o nyere ụmụ akwụkwọ ya otu nnukwu ndepụta nkenke na-agwa ekpe na-esote afọ abụọ nke ndụ ha ga-raara nye a so.

N'ezie, malite na pụtara ìhè ndepụta mejupụtara odide Brodsky-agụ ma na-agwụ nka ọrụ 70 ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ.

O doro anya na nke a ndepụta nwere ike kwukwara na taa ụmụ akwụkwọ. N'etiti oké osimiri nke akwụkwọ, nke na-apụta kwa afọ na n'ụba na shelves, ị ga-ahọrọ a akwụkwọ, na-enwe a n'ezie nka uru. Cheta na isi ibiere a kwesịrị a n'echiche nke asụsụ, nkà asugharia site Brodsky.

Ọdịnaya Brodsky ndepụta. "Bhavati Gita", "Mahabharata"

Iosifa Brodskogo ndepụta amalite na "bhavati-Gita" (chi nke song). The uru nke a na-arụ ọrụ dị na ya na-elekwasị anya na mmepe nke ụmụ mmadụ na Chineke. Ọ na-enyere ya na-edozi isi ajụjụ a: "Ònye ka m?", Na-eme ka ihe nweta nke esịtidem ọnọdụ dị mkpa iji nweta ime mmụọ. The "bhavati Gita" na-agụnye ndị sitere ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị na ndụ ime mmụọ, na ihe jikọrọ ya na eziokwu.

The abụọ na-arụ ọrụ na-ezo aka a ndepụta dị oké mkpa na-agụ Brodsky, bụ "Mahabharata". Ọ captures The Epic, na-atụgharị uche na nsogbu nke na-elekọta mmadụ kachasi mkpa nke mmadụ, onye ruru nke ya nnwere onwe na ebe nketa (eke). Mahabharata, na otu aka, ụtọ unana, na ọzọ - blames zuru renunciation nke uru nke a onye okike.

Old Testament

Iosif Aleksandrovich na atọ ọnọdụ n'etiti n'elu akwụkwọ, na-emeghe ma ama Brodsky ndepụta kwuru banyere Scriptures nke Kraịst na ndị Juu - the Old Testament. Dị ka ị maara, ndị e dere n'asụsụ Hibru. Central nkà ihe ọmụma na ideological akụkụ ya bụ Sinai ọgbụgba ndụ - ọrụ amanye Chineke na mba Izrel, nke ghọrọ ihe ndabere nke na Torah (Iwu maka ogbugbu).

E nwere ndepụta nke a maara nke ọma na-ede uri na-agbadata ka anyị na ụwa mbụ bestseller - a akwụkwọ banyere dike nke dum n'ụwa oge ochie, onye njem, ịga nke ọma na-adọrọ adọrọ eze Gilmageshe.

oge ochie akwụkwọ

List Brodsky - a voluminous ndepụta akwụkwọ na ike ga-nkewa. The na-ede uri bụ onye mbụ kwadebere dị otú ahụ a na ndepụta. Mara ndepụta Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo ọzọ ziri ezi na ọgụgụ oge nke mmetụta na ntụziaka nke na-agụ. List ka Joseph Alexandrovich Aims akwado ha "isi mkparịta ụka."

Dị nnọọ n'ofè ime mmụọ ọrụ, dị ka ezi uche nke Brodsky, ga-gburugburu a ngọngọ nke oge ochie akwụkwọ: Sophocles, Homer, Herodotus, Horace, Mark Avrely, Aristophanes ... Nke a ndepụta bụ ezughị ezu, ya nwere banyere 20 aha. Brodsky onwe ya na N'ajụjụ ọnụ kọwara ya nkwa na- akwụkwọ nke oge ochie ụwa mmepe nke "a echiche nke oge." Mere, ọ kpọrọ ya nghota nke oge na ya ndị mmadụ.

Mere ukwuu anya ugwo Gris na Rom akwụkwọ Iosif Aleksandrovich? Ọ bụ mba na nzuzo na na edemede okirikiri ọ na-akpọ Roman. N'ihi ya, m na-enwe conceptualized na nnwere onwe edemede nkpuchi. Na-arụ ụka banyere Soviet Union, ọ euphemistically kpọrọ ya "Rome".

Deep nghọta nke kachasi mkpa nke alaeze ukwu (onye òtù nzuzo ofufe nke Siza, despotic ike) bụ peculiar ya, na-egosipụta onwe ya na ihere na dọọrọ n'agha na-ede uri Ovid.

N'ihi ya nwere abụghị nke ukwuu site na Soviet (Roman) ọchịchị, dị ka amamihe, na-etinye na-enweghị nnwere onwe.

Brodsky ndepụta nwere vosled maka ochie akwụkwọ ọtụtụ consecutive blocks. Next - akwụkwọ nke Renaissance. Ọkọnọ akwụkwọ Fransua Rable na Dante Alighieri, a naiti nke-akụzi si gbasaa ịhụnanya.

Western na Russian uri

The ọzọ ngọngọ ke ndepụta bụ West European akwụkwọ ndị bourgeois na-elekọta mmadụ guzobere na Russian uri nke Silver Age. Ihe ndị a họọrọ na uto, dị ka ha na talent na mkpa nke ndị edemede nketa:

• Russian Anna Akhmatova, Marina Tsvetaeva, Boris Pasternak, Osip Mandelstam, Nikolay Zabolotsky, Vladislav Khodasevich;
• British na American Thomas Hardy, Tomas Eliot, Robert Frost, MARIANNA Mur, Uisten Oden, Elizabeth Bishop;
• German: Rainer Rilke, Ingeborg Bachmann, Georg Trakl, Gottfried Benn;
• Spanish: Federico Garcia Lorca, Antonio Machado, Rafael Alberti, Juan Ramon Himenos;
• Polish: Zbigniew Herbert, Czeslaw Milosz, Leopold ọrụ, Wislawa Szymborska;
• French: Zhyul Syupervel, Blez Sandrar, Giyom Apolliner, Maks Zhakob, Anri Misho;
• Greek: Giorgos Seferis, Konstantin Kavafis, Yannis Ritsos;
• Swedish: Harry Martinson, Gunnar Ekellef.

ọgwụgwụ

Ruo ugbu a, ndị resonance akpata a ndepụta Brodsky. Nyocha nke akwụkwọ a hụrụ otu olu na-ekwu na nke a ndepụta bụ na-eru ntị, dabere na amamihe nke Brodsky.

Na esemokwu na-ebilite. Onye na-agụ akwụkwọ kwuru na feasibility nke na-agụ a ọtụtụ oge ochie akwụkwọ. Ndị ọzọ na-zara na uru nke oge ochie akwụkwọ bụ mkpa (ugbu a mere adịghị dee) na elaboration nke mmekọrịta ụmụ mmadụ.

Ọtụtụ na-agụ akwụkwọ na-ekwu bụ iwu. Onye kwuru na bughi "bhavati Gita" bụ akụkụ nke "Mahabharata". Onye-enwe obi abụọ izi ezi nke ndepụta, na-akọwa ọkwá ya site n'iru ya nke ọrụ Nikolai Klyuev, mmadụ mgbochi Juu na propartiynoy nghazi.

Na mkpokọta, ọ bụ uru arịba ama na isi ihe: a n'akwụkwọ site na ndepụta nke Brodsky jere ozi dị ka n'itinyekwu-nkume na creativity nke Joseph Alexandrovich. Ọ bụ ha na-aga mmata nke ịma mma nke uri Brodsky awade na-agụ ya a ndepụta.

N'ihi na onye ọ bụ nke bara uru? Ọ bụghị ihe niile ndị mmadụ nwere a pụrụ iche philological na edemede akụziri. Ma ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-ezo uri ma ọ bụ prosaic talent. Olee na-eteta ya? Ihe doro anya azịza ya bụ iji na-agụ ọtụtụ ndị ezi akwụkwọ. Na site na nke a echiche a zuru ndepụta nke Brodsky - bụghị a ọjọọ nhọrọ na-amalite.