Bashkortostan: isi obodo Ufa. Ukwe, uwe nke ogwe aka ya na Government nke Republic of Bashkortostan

Republic of Bashkortostan (isi obodo - Ufa) bụ otu n'ime ndị kwụụrụ na-eme ka Russian Federation. Bụ nnọọ ike na ogologo bụ otú nke Republic ruo ugbu ọnọdụ.

A obere akụkọ ihe mere eme

Back na narị afọ nke 16, ndị Bashkirs n'afọ ofufo ghọrọ achị nke Russian ala. Ha na-nupụrụ isi na ogwe aka megide ịda iwu nke nnwere onwe ha, kwetara na oge nke accession na Russia, megide na-elekọta mmadụ na mba mmegbu. Nke weere ọnọdụ na February 1917 mgbanwe ada banyere a-ewu ewu ije n'ógbè. Ọ na-e-iji na nnweta nke territorial obodo kwụụrụ. O duuru a ije AZ Validov.

Ọbụna n'oge ndị Soviet ike, na December 1917, Vsebashkirsky constituent nzukọ (Kurultai) mma echiche nke obodo kwụụrụ. Ọ hoputara mbụ Bashkir ọchịchị. Otú ọ dị, ndị agha obodo ahụ malitere, na naanị na opupu ihe ubi nke 1919 ọ ghọrọ kwere omume mejuputa echiche. Inclines ya acha uhie uhie ọcha na Bashkir ọchịchị ruru nkwekọrịta na ndị ọchịchị Soviet na guzobe nke Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Republic, nke ghọrọ akụkụ nke Russia. On March 23 ozi nke a agreement. Kemgbe ahụ, a ụbọchị a na-ewere ụbọchị ọmụmụ nke Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

Ndị ngwangwa-elekọta mmadụ, akụ na ụba na omenala mmepe nke region malitere obere oge ka guzobe nke kwurula Republic. Nnukwu rụzuru nke ndị bi na ya na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha. Ọbụna na UN na-ekwu banyere ha. Ọ bụkwa-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha na ọha na eze nke dị iche iche na iche iche nke USSR, solemnly kpọsara, e emasculated n'okpuru aka ike. Ọ dị ji achọ.

Ndị ụzọ onwe

Ndị ụzọ onwe meghere mbụ autonomies onye kwuo uche mgbanwe emejuputa na-adịbeghị anya. Bashkiria maka ezumike bụ October 11, 1990 Ọ na-ama ahụ nakweere ihe dị mkpa akwụkwọ - nkwupụtara nke State Ọbụbụeze nke Republic. The mbụ President of Bashkortostan (ọ bụ Murtaza Rakhimov) e hoputara n'okpuru ọhụrụ oruru. The bicameral State Assembly ghọọ Kasị Elu Council. Ya ntuli aka wee ebe na March 5, 1995 Taa, mmekọahụ Russia na mpaghara a na-wuru na ndabere nke nkwekọrịta n'etiti ha, Federal Treaty. President of Bashkortostan - Rustem Khamitov. Ọ ẹkenịmde a ọnọdụ ebe ọ bụ na 2010. Bashkortostan ọchịchị erube ya. Nke a bụ isi Executive ahụ nke Republic.

State ukwe nke Republic of Bashkortostan

Ọ e mma September 18, 2008 na bụ otu n'ime ihe nnọchianya nke Republic. Bashkortostan ukwe rụrụ na mmechi na mmeghe nke ukwu nzukọ na mgbakọ dị iche raara nye haa ememe nke Russian Federation na Bashkortostan, inaugural isi nke Republic na ndị ọzọ dị mkpa merenụ. Ndị dere akwụkwọ nke okwu na Bashkir asụsụ - Rashit Shakur na Ravil Bikbaev. Sụgharịa Russian, Svetlana ghọtara Churaeva na Farit Idrisov. Nke ikpeazụ bụ na-ede akwụkwọ nke music.

Uwe nke ogwe aka nke Republic of Bashkortostan

Republic uwe nke ogwe aka - ya bụkwa ihe nnọchianya nke ala. The Iwu na emblem e kuchiri October 12, 1993 na ọ mepụtara a ngo Fazletdin Islah, onye na-ese ndị a nụrụ ụlọ "Kitap".

The uwe nke ogwe aka bụ onyinyo nke ncheta nke Bashkir mba dike Salavat Yulayev. The ncheta na-dị megide ndabere nke ọwụwa anyanwụ. The oyiyi dewo gburugburu, gosikwa site na mba ịchọ mma. Kurai inflorescence na-nyere n'okpuru ncheta, a na akara nke obi ike nke ndị dị iche iche. Ọbụna ala na teepu, na-ese na agba nke Bashkortostan ọkọlọtọ. Ọ nwere a "Bashkortostan" dere. Dị ka ndị na agba image, ornamental na S. Yulaev ncheta - ọlaedo aja aja, Kurai ifuru - green ụzarị anyanwụ - odo, ma ya onwe ya - ìhè ọlaedo na agba, ndabere n'etiti ncheta na ịchọ mma na-acha ọcha, elu na ime gburugburu dị oji ọlaedo na agba .

Gwa anyị a dị nta banyere Salavat Yulaev. Ọ bụ mba na-ede uri nke Bashkortostan, bụ onye bụrụ abụ nke ịkpa nke ndị dike na nwa afọ okike. Ya creativity e gafere a ogologo oge site n'ọnụ. Ọ na-permeated na mmụọ nke mgba megide mmegbu. Mgbe Salavat - ọ bụ na-a ọchịagha, a na-akpachi anya nke Pugachev, bụ onye na-elu ahụ n'usoro nke Brigadier oru ugbo "eze." Mgbe nsogbu na-echi ọnụ n'ala, na Salavat captivated punitive, Bashkirs machibidoro iwu na-akpọ ya aha ụmụ, ewute nke ọ kpọrọ aha akara aka nke nwoke a, onye nọrọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ fọrọ nke nta a nkeji iri na ise na narị afọ.

Otú ọ dị, image etinye na uwe nke ogwe aka - bụghị onye ahụ. Nke a bụ a mkpokọta image nke ọgba ịnyịnya-warrior onye eburu ikpe ziri ezi na nnwere onwe. Ọ na-anọchi anya ndị ịdị n'otu na ọbụbụenyi nke ndị Bashkortostan. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na na ogwe aka dị ka iwu si of heraldry na-anọchite anya a akpan akpan onye na-adịghị anabata. Ma, ọ ga iburu n'uche na ọ bụghị ẹnịm Eserese image S. Yulayev. Ya mere, ugbu a na ogwe aka nke oyiyi-ya bụ ihe ọ bụla ikpe agaghị ekwe omume.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke doo nke emblem

Anyị na-agwa gị banyere ndị ọzọ na oru ngo na-eme ka hà na-a obodo akara. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke doo nke emblem bụ kama ịrịba ama. Maka Committee e gosiri niile 40 oru nke nhọrọ. Otu n'ime ha bụ họrọ na chọrọ ka elu ikike - Kasị Elu Council. Na nke a n'onwe, na emblem Tolpar (nku ịnyịnya), na RB ọkọlọtọ ekwesị ekwenye. Framing e mere n'ụdị a mba imewe, na e nwere "Bashkortostan" dere. The ịnyịnya na-anọchi anya ike nke ụmụ mmadụ na ọchịchọ Bashkir ndị mmadụ na-eme n'ọdịnihu. Ọ bụ ihe ụmụ anụmanụ - a ezi enyi nke mmadụ. Ọ na-gụnyere ndị kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi ka ọrụ ha, ama. The ịnyịnya hụrụ na The Epic akụkọ na-emeghị nke ọtụtụ mba, gụnyere Bashkir. Ọganihu na Olee banyere anyị taa mara ọlaedo na agba nke ịchọ mma.

Ọzọ emblem imewe - ekewa 2 akụkụ nke a gburugburu ọta. Mgbe n'elu nke ya na ọ na-egosi na a na-acha ọcha ndabere anyanwụ na-ebili n'elu Urals, onye ụzarị diverge niile ntụziaka. Na ala ọkara nke ọkọnọ blued Ural Ugwu. On si zụlite ha na-acha ọcha wolf na-agba ọsọ. The uwe nke ogwe aka e nyere a green ókè. Na akụkọ ifo na omenala nke ndị dị iche iche nke North America na Eurasia, onyinyo nke a wolf jikọtara tumadi na òtù nzuzo nke nchoputa na onye ndú nke ebo ọgụ brigades. Ebe ọ bụ na n'oge ochie, ọ bụ n'etiti ndị Turks ihe echiche nke wolf-nna nna. Dị ka otu amụma banyere ebe a okwu "Bashkort" ya, e jikọtara ya na a okwu ndị dị ka "wolf isi." Ọ na-kweere na n'ebe ndịda Urals na 7-8 narị afọ Turkic Khan, aha-ya bu Bashkort, tọrọ ntọala ghọọ mba kwụụrụ. O mechara nwụọ n'agha na Byzantium. Ma ndị a na oru ngo a jụrụ mgbe ntụle nke Kasị Elu Council.

General e ji mara Bashkortostan

Anyị bụ ndị nwere mmasị na isiokwu nke Russian Federation ugbu a na-ekpuchi ebe nke banyere 144 sq. M. km. Bashkortostan ebe bi banyere 4 nde ndị mmadụ, ndị nnọchiteanya nke 80 mba. More karịa a nkeji iri na ise n'ime ha bi na isi obodo, Ufa. A ngụkọta nke 20 obodo na Republic of Bashkortostan. obodo ndị a (ma e wezụga a ole na ole) e-adịbeghị anya. Nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme, na nke 4 nke ha (Birsk, Belebey, Sterlitamak, Ufa). Ndị fọdụrụ nọ afọ nke ulo oru ụlọ na saịtị nke ulo oru obodo, karịsịa mgbe n'ọrụ mmepe nke Bashkortostan. Ọnọdụ na-eto eto, bụ: Blagoveshchensk, Agidel, Davlekanovo, Beloretsk, Baymak, Meleuz, Kumertau, Ishimbay, Dyurtyuli, Salavat, October, Neftekamsk, Tuymazy, Sibai, Yanaul Uchaly.

Ókèala a isiokwu bụ dịtụ obere. About 0,8% nke ngụkọta nke ebe Russian Federation na-ewe Bashkortostan. Ọmụmụ ihe dị ndụ kpebisiri ike ya Ọdịdị na mmepụta omenala, ihu igwe na ọdịdị ala. Dịgasị iche iche nke eke ego na gburugburu ebe obibi e ji mpaghara. Ọ na-emi odude ke crossroads nke Asia na Europe, na ndị mepere mpaghara na Ural Mountains na East European Plain. Ya mere, na uwa nke Bashkortostan agwakọta atụmatụ nke heterogeneous oghere.

Na ogbu mmiri nke Bashkiria ndị fọrọ nke nta niile iche nke eke ego, nke bụ ma ama maka Urals. Ke adianade do, Urals Republic onyere mmanụ, n'ihi na nke a na-eto ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ.

Bashkortostan ebe tumadi bi obodo. Otú ọ dị, ọrụ nke oru ugbo na aku na uba nke region bụ ka mkpa. E nwere 51 ime obodo district, banyere 5 nde hectare arable ala nwere na ụrọ na ntọala. N'ihi na mmepụta nke anụ ụlọ na ngwaahịa na agriculture Bashkortostan bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eduga na ebe n'etiti ndị ọzọ na-achị nke Russian Federation na mbụ na Urals mpaghara.

Ufa

Ufa (Bashkortostan) - isi obodo nke mba, a isi ulo oru, ndutịm, na nkà mmụta sayensị na omenala n'etiti nke Urals. Nke a obodo na-emi odude ke mben nke osimiri ahụ. White. Ufa emi odude 100 km n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Southern Urals, na anya site na Moscow bụ 1519 km. 53 km - ogologo nke Bashkortostan isi obodo site n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda, 28 km - si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.

Ufa bụ ọgaranya mmiri na ego na oké ọhịa. Ọ na-emi odude ke ebe nke inyefe mbara ọzara, nke-eme ka ọ mara mma maka ski. Ọtụtụ egwuregwu okụre na-gbanwee na Ufa na-enwe oké ewu ewu: "Biathlon", "trampoline", "Olympic Park", "AK Yorty".

The etymology nke aha nke isi obodo

Researchers ka na-adịghị nwere a doro anya echiche banyere etymology nke aha "Ufa". Dị ka ozizi N. K. Dmitriev, kasị turkologist, aha-aga azụ okwu "Uba" n'oge ochie asụsụ, pụtara "ugwu ugwu ebe", "mkpọmkpọ", "ugwu". Dị ka ọzọ version, ọ na-abịa si hydronym "Uppal", oge ochie aha nke osimiri "Ufa", inwe Finno-Ugric malite. E nwekwara ihe eleghi anya version nke akụkọ, dị ka nke a njem kwụsịrị izu ike n'ebe a na ntọala nke obodo, kwuru, sị, "Uh, Alla", nke pụtara "O Allah!"

N'oge ochie ma n'oge obodo nke Ufa

N'oge ochie na saịtị nke taa Ufa bụ a nnukwu na ndị bara ọgaranya obodo. Ikekwe, ọ e erekwa, ọ gara site na ìgwè ndị njem ụzọ gasị ijikọ n'obodo dị iche iche nke Volga mpaghara, Siberia na Central Asia. The ukara akụkọ a na-anabata ịgụ site na ụbọchị nke na-ewu nke ebe e wusiri ike, ya bụ, site na 1574.

Ufa na anyị ụbọchị - a isi iga isi. Ọ na-emi odude ke nrutu nke ikuku, okporo ígwè, n'okporo ụzọ, pipeline na osimiri ụzọ gasị na jikọọ na Siberia na Urals, na European akụkụ nke mba anyị. Ufa - nanị obodo Russia (ma e wezụga Moscow), nke converge 2 gọọmenti etiti okporo ụzọ: M5 "Ural" na M7 "Volga". Airport RB Capital enye mba flights ka Asian na mba Europe.

Ufa (Bashkortostan) mgbe anya si n'elu-anya dị ka a nnukwu hourglass, na-etinye otu n'akụkụ. I papuas na nke otu akụkụ nke ya na ndị ọzọ "na-aga" iyi nke ụgbọala, - ngwa ngwa atụmanya onye ogologo - karịa 10 km.

Mweghachi nke akụkọ ihe mere eme anya

Olee ihe ọzọ nwere ike ị na-ekwu banyere otu obodo dị ka Ufa (Bashkortostan)? The isi obodo region anọwo na-emepe emepe ngwa ngwa ụba n'elu ikpeazụ narị afọ ndị bi na ya. Na Ufa, na mmalite nke narị afọ gara aga, e nwere ihe 50-60 puku. Bi. Taa, e nwere ihe karịrị 1.1 nde. Capital lekwasị dị 40% nke ulo oru ụlọ. The obodo ngwa ngwa toro n'obosara. Oge na-adịgide adịgide erases metụtara nke gara aga. N'ezie, ọhụrụ na-enye ọṅụ welcome, Otú ọ dị, na-aghọ esiwanye doro anya na nke furu efu anya nke ochie Ufa, a ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị bi n'obodo ukwu nwere ike ọ gaghị a doro anya echiche nke ihe Ọ na-eyi dị ka tupu. Ya mere, e kpebiri iji weghachi ụfọdụ dị n'okporo ámá ka ha na chi ọbụbọ nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Kasị roofers,-ọkà n'osisi, ọkpu wee ikpe. Ha wee si n'akụkụ nile nke mba ahụ. Today na-ese siga kere nkịtị ike ncheta bụ ikpughe Ethnography Museum. Ọ bụ ike ịmụta banyere ihe dị iche iche iche iche bi Bashkortostan. Na ebe ndị a na-akwado nwa oge ngosi, nke-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi uma nke ihe ngosi nka.

The ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọdịdị Ufa

Ke ofụri ofụri anyị nwere ike ikwu na Ufa ochie ụlọ dị nnọọ obere. Almost obodo ahụ dum na-wuru kemgbe afọ iri. Ya mere, ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọdịdị Ufa - ụba nke ihe na iko. Ke imewe nke obodo, Otú ọ dị, na-eji motif nke Bashkir ndiife art, mba ịchọ mma. The style, Otú ọ dị, emewo mba. Nke a bụ n'ihi na na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti dị iche iche omenala nke ndị dị iche iche nke USSR.

Iji ugbu a, Otú ọ dị, nwere ụfọdụ chọọchị dị iche iche nke oge nke classicism. Nke a-nzọpụta Church (wuru na 1824) na Church nke Ịrịọchite (1823). Ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ndị ọzọ na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta: Gọvanọ House, Bishop ulo, ụlọ-museum of Lenin (nọchiri n'elu), nke owuwu nke Noble Assembly, House S. T. Aksakova, M. V. Nesterova ụlọ.

Cultural na agụmakwụkwọ njikọ

Mgbe nzute na obodo ntị ka Opera na Ballet Theatre (nọchiri n'okpuru). Ọ bụ a mara mma ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta. National Ballet na Opera na-amụ ma na-toro na mgbidi nke ụlọ ihe nkiri. Pụtara ìhè nka nke Leningrad na Moscow wee akụkụ ke mmepe nke a na omenala alụmdi. Rudolf Nureyev, oké nna ukwu nke na-agba egwú, na-enwu n'ihu na-ege ntị na ndị a mgbidi.

Center nke Bashkortostan, ebe ọ bụ na tupu 1919 dịghị nkiri now obụrede mbụre 10 nke steeti. Ke adianade do, obodo Philharmonic anakọta ọtụtụ-ege ntị. Karịsịa ewu ewu Drama Ụlọ ihe nkiri taa. Mazhit Gafuri, dịkọrọ ndụ na mba. Ya arụmọrụ mgbe niile na-adọta a zuru ụlọ.

N'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị gụchara akwụkwọ a dum nhọrọ. Na Bashkortostan nwere ihe karịrị 30 dị iche iche ntụziaka mahadum nkwadebe.

Ufa mmiri

Na Ufa, taa, e nwere 83 obot. Ha na-anọchi anya ya 1776 ATMs na 430 alaka. Ndị a mmiri na-adị njikere inye ahịa 274 ego ego mmemme, 12 ego, 28 mortgage ego mmemme, 19 - 29 azụmahịa agbazinye na akpaaka mgbazinye ego. Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, si na nke a echiche ọ na-adịghị ala azụ na ndị ọzọ isi obodo nke Russian Federation Ufa. Ego mgbazinye ego, ego, mortgages - niile na ndị nwere mmasị na ọtụtụ ndị taa, ya mere, anyị chere na ọ mkpa banyere mmiri, nke na-emi odude ke isi obodo nke mba.

Ya mere, anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere nke a n'isiokwu na mba anyị, dị ka Bashkortostan. Ọ bụkwa isi obodo e nkenke kọwara. Na mpaghara a, dị ka ị na-ahụ, nwere a ọgaranya akụkọ ihe mere na omenala. Culture nke Republic of Bashkortostan - ọzọ na-akpali isiokwu.