British Labor Party: Tọrọ ntọala akụziri, na-akpali eziokwu

UK Labor Party (LPV) bụ otu n'ime mmadụ abụọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị agha na-n'ezie na-alụ ọgụ maka ike na Albion. N'adịghị ka ndị na-ama Conservative Party, Labour Party bu ibido ọzọ elekwasị anya rụọ na-elekọta mmadụ ụkpụrụ ụmụ amaala ya. N'ihi na a nghọta zuru ezu nke ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Filiks ke UK ọ dị ezigbo mkpa ka dokwuo anya na ọrụ nzukọ ọha mmadụ. Ka anyị Chọpụta ihe ndị mere na mmepe nke a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ike, nakwa dị ka chọpụta akụziri ndị sị site Labour Party.

ntoputa

The Labor Party e hiwere na 1900. Otú ọ dị, na mbụ aha ọ dara dị ka Labour onodi Kọmitii. Ozugbo ọ positioned onwe ya dị ka onye nnọchiteanya nke na-arụ ọrụ na klas, n'otu ahia otu ije, ma chọọ itinye aka na-agha na-achị n'oge ahụ ọzọ na Britain - Conservatives na-emesapụ. Otu n'ime ndị ndú nke nzukọ site nnọọ n'ụbọchị ndị mbụ nke Ramsay Macdonald ghọrọ ya tọrọ ntọala ụwa. Ọ bụ ya ụlọ ọrụ dị na ulo. Ọzọ maara nke ọma ndú ahụ Dzheyms Keyr Hardi, Arthur Henderson na Dzhordzh ọba.

Na 1906, nzukọ enwetara ya ugbu aha, nke na English e dere dị ka Labor Party, na sụgharịa Russian dị ka "Labor Party".

The n'oge ogbo nke development

Ke akpa ntuli aka na 1900, nke aka kasị nso nso kere party nke iri na ise na-aga ime na British nzuko omeiwu gafere ndị ikom abụọ, nakwa na ego nke mkpọsa, naanị 33 pound.

Ugbua na ọzọ ntuli aka na 1906, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-anọchite anya nke Labor Party na nzuko omeiwu amụbawo ruo 27 ndị mmadụ. The ndú nke Omeiwu faction bụ Dzheyms Hardi. Nke a pụtara na n'ịgba ndú na otu, dị ka a iche iche post dị ka isi nke Labor Party adịghị ruo mgbe 1922.

Dị ka m kwuru n'elu, ibido Labour Party na UK nọ onyinyo nke mgbanwe na-emesapụ ọzọ, nke gbalịrị ịgbapụ. Otú ọ dị, na mbụ n'ihi na nke obere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oche nzuko omeiwu, a manyere ha na-arụkọ ọrụ na ha na nso-emesapụ echiche ndị Nazi. Nke a bụ imekọ ihe ọnụ ga-anọgide ruo mgbe 1916. Kwesịrị ịdị, na tandem nke Liberal Party e kenyere ọrụ nke okenye nwanne.

N'etiti Agha Ụwa Mbụ na 1918, Labour Party ga ịmụta ya n'akwụkwọ iwu na omume, nke mesịrị ghọọ amalite ihe nzukọ ọnọdụ na isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-elekọta mmadụ nsogbu.

The na-achị achị party

N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, e nwere a gbawara n'etiti n'ohu emesapụ Party na oru ije malitere nweta amụba ugbu a n'ihi na uto nke revolutionary ọnọdụ na Europe. Na British Labor Party bịara na a nnukwu egwuregwu, dị ka a dị iche iche na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ike.

Na 1924 ha bụ ndị mbụ na oge na akụkọ ihe mere eme ike na-etolite a ọchịchị. The Labor Party anataghị a otutu nzuko omeiwu, ọ bụ ezie na o were a ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị nnọchiteanya maka party - 191 ndị mmadụ. Ma ise okwu n'etiti Conservatives na liberals na-ekwe ka ha na-etolite na kabinet. N'ihi ya, ọ nọ na-agbaji hegemony nke mgbanwe na-emesapụ ọzọ, nke e kere ọtụtụ narị afọ. Ebe ọ bụ na oge, isi asọmpi na-alụ maka ike malitere Labor na Conservatives.

The nnọchiteanya nke Labor Dzheyms Ramsey Macdonald ghọrọ Prime Minister nke Great Britain.

Otú ọ dị, site na njedebe nke afọ na Labour ọchịchị, n'ihi na nke nsogbu na aghụghọ na-ezukọta ya ọgụ na-agbasochi omenala na liberals, a manyere arụkwaghịm. Ke adianade do, n'ihi na eruba nke asọmpi megideghị na ọhụrụ ntuli aka nzuko omeiwu Labor Party e meriri, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị nnọchianya ya nọ na-ebelata ka 151 ndị mmadụ.

Ma, ọ bụ naanị ndị mbụ nke ọzọ Death Labor Cabinet.

ọchịchị Macdonald

ntuli aka 1929 ugbua, Labour Party na nke mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme merie ndị kasị oche ke nzuko omeiwu (287 nnọchiteanya) na ka enwetara nri re-etolite kabinet. Prime Minister nke Great Britain bụ Dzheyms Makdonald ọzọ. Ma n'ihi na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na aku na uba na odida nke ọchịchị ọhụrụ e a gbawara n'etiti na Labor Party onwe ya. Dzheyms Makdonald wee a rapprochement na Conservatives nwere a ike nkwado na nzuko omeiwu. Nke a mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na 1931 ọ hapụrụ otu, kere na-emegide ya na National Labor Organization, ma nọgidere na-na post of praịm minista ruo mgbe 1935, mgbe n'ọnọdụ a nọ na-anọchi a nnọchiteanya nke na-agbasochi omenala.

The ndú ọhụrụ nke Labor Party bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ozugbo guzoro malite nke a ije - Arthur Henderson. Ma gbawara n'etiti na otu, nakwa dị ka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na scandals mere ka eziokwu ahụ na ọhụrụ Omeiwu ntuli aka na 1931, ọ emetụghị, inwe omebe iwu ikike nke 52 UK nnọchiteanya.

Attlee oge

Ugbua na-esote afọ dị ka isi nke otu Henderson dochie Dzhordzh Lensberi, na ọzọ afọ atọ - Klement Ettli. Nke a bụ onye ndú nke Labor Party emeela na post ogologo karịa onye ọ bụla n'ihu ma ọ bụ ebe ọ bụ na - 20 afọ. Attlee ahụ e kere ya si 1935 na 1955.

Na ntuli aka nke 1935 na ndị ọzọ na n'okpuru idu ndú ya nwere ike budata melite ya ịrụ ọrụ, na-enwe nnọchiteanya na nzuko omeiwu 154. Mgbe arụkwaghịm si premiership mgbanwe Chamberlain na 1940, Attlee jisiri banye a mmekota ọchịchị nke Winston Churchill.

The post-agha mmepe nke APS

N'ihi na ntiwapụ nke World War II, ndị na-esonụ ntuli aka e ẹkenịmde naanị na afọ 10 na 1945. Mgbe ha, Labour Party nweela a ndekọ maka onwe ya mgbe 393 oche nzuko omeiwu. Nke a pụta bụ karịa ezuru guzobe nke kabinet edu Klementom Ettli, bụ onye na-anọchi dị ka praịm minista Conservative Winston Churchill furu efu ndi ochichi. Labor nwere ike na-congratulated a ịga nke ọma, ebe ọ bụ na ha mmeri n'oge anya dị ka ezigbo ụjọ.

Ọ ga-kwuru na nke atọ na-abịa ike nke Labor Party aghọwo nnọọ irè karịa abụọ gara aga n'anya. N'adịghị ka McDonald, Attlee jisiri jide a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke dị mkpa iwu nke na-elekọta mmadụ agwa, na imebe onyeobodo ụfọdụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ, iji weghachi mba aku na uba, rojiwere n'agha. Ndị a rụzuru so mee ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ntuli aka na 1950, na ọrụ Party ọzọ na-eme ememe a mmeri, ọ bụ ezie na nke a oge ọzọ obi umeala na-anọchi anya na nzuko omeiwu - 315 ndị mmadụ.

Otú ọ dị, Attlee Cabinet abụghị otu mmeri. A okpu ego iwu na mweda nke pound emewo ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị pụrụ iche nhoputa ndi ochichi na 1951 e merie ndị Conservatives edu Winston Churchill. The Labor Party natara 295 oche nzuko omeiwu, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ iji nọgide na-enwe a dị ịrịba ama mmetụta na atumatu nke mba ahụ, n'ihi na Conservatives nanị mmadụ asaa oche ọzọ.

New ntuli aka na 1955 mere ka ndị Labor Party esiwanye nkụda mmụọ, n'ihi na ha na-arụpụta ha natara naanị 277 oche nzuko omeiwu, Conservatives ndibọhọ a nnọọ doro mmeri. Ihe omume a bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị mere na n'otu afọ Klement Ettli arụkwaghịm nnukwu iwu na dị ka onye ndú ndị ọrụ ahụ, ọ na-anọchi Hugh Gaitskell.

The ụdi akụkọ ihe mere nke party

Otú ọ dị, Gaitskell na apụghị ịghọ a kwesịrị nnọchi Attlee. The Labor Party na-esiwanye adịkwa ya ewu ewu, ka ọ pụtara ìhè site ojuju na ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na nzuko omeiwu mgbe ntuli aka nke 1959 na 258 ndị mmadụ.

Na 1963, mgbe ọnwụ nke Gaitskell, Labour ndú Harold Wilson ghọrọ. Ọ nwere ihe karịrị afọ iri na atọ dị ka isi nke ọzọ. Ugbua na-esote afọ n'okpuru idu ndú ya Labor Party merie mgbe a iri na anọ na-afọ ezumike, ndibọhọ Omeiwu ntuli aka na 317 oche, 13 karịa Conservatives. N'ihi ya, Wilson ghọrọ ndị mbụ Labor Prime Minister Klementa Ettli mgbe UK.

Otú ọ dị, Labor idu ndú na nzuko omeiwu bụ ya mere shaky na-amụghị ha ohere na-aghọta na isi nzọụkwụ nke usoro ihe omume. Ọnọdụ a na-amanye ka jide na 1966 a pụrụ iche ntuli aka nke Labour Party ndibọhọ a Mbuzo mmeri nke natara 364 oche nzuko omeiwu, ie 111 oche karịa Conservatives.

Ma site n'oge '70s, na UK na aku na uba gosiri mgbakọ na mwepụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ịgba. Nke a mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na na ọhụrụ ntuli aka na 1970, na-agbasochi omenala merie kwenye, na-emeri ihe karịrị 50% nke oche nzuko omeiwu, na Labor ndị ọdịnaya 288 oche (43.1%). Kwesịrị ịdị, na N'ihi ya nke a pụta bụ arụkwaghịm nke Harold Wilson.

Conservatives bụghị biri ndụ ha na-atụ anya, ma na nke ọzọ ntuli aka ke ini utọ 1974 e merie Labour Party, Otú ọ dị, site na a wiska. Eziokwu a na-amanye ha ka ha na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke na n'otu afọ na-eduzi a pụrụ iche ntuli aka, nke rụpụtara na Labor Party ndibọhọ a anụ ọtụtụ. Wilson gawa ọchịchị ọzọ, ma ọ bụghị n'ihi na doro nnọọ anya na ihe mere, na 1976, gbara arụkwaghịm. Nọchiri ya dị ka onye ndú nke ọzọ na praịm minista oche bụ Dzheyms Kallagan.

Na mmegide,

Otú ọ dị, ndị ewu ewu na nke Callaghan ike iji tụnyere Wilson ewu ewu. The bibie nke Labor Party na ntuli aka na 1979 bụ a eke N'ihi nke a. Oge nke na Conservative Party, nke nyere ndị British otú ahụ pụtara ìhè praịm minista ka Margaret Thatcher (Prime Minister nwere ihe karịrị afọ 11 na a n'usoro) na Dzhon Meydzhor. The hegemony nke Conservatives nzuko omeiwu ahụ were afọ 18.

N'oge a, Labor A manyere na-aga n'ime mmegide. Callaghan mgbe arụkwaghịm si post of otu onye ndú na 1980, ọ na-aga site Michael Ụkwụ (1980-1983), Neil Kinnock (1983-1992) na Dzhon Smit (1992-1994).

ọhụrụ Labor

Mgbe ọnwụ nke Dzhona Smita na 1994 site na May ka July nke eme isi nke otu bụ Margaret Beckett, ma nhoputa onye ndú nke Labor Party merie ndị na-eto eto na oké ọchịchọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Toni Bler, onye site na oge jupụtara naanị 31 afọ. Emelitere omume so mee ka oghere nke party "abụọ ifufe." Oge na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị ọzọ, malite na ntuli aka nke Blair na ya onye ndú na 2010, a na-akpọ "New Labourism".

Ke n'etiti nke usoro ihe omume "New Labor" bụ ndị na-akpọ nke atọ nke isi, nke a na-positioned na party dị ka onye ọzọ ikeketeorie na socialism.

ọbọ nke Labor

Olee ihe ịga nke ọma tactic a họọrọ site Toni Blerom, gosiri Omeiwu ntuli aka na 1997 nke Labor Party maka oge mbụ na afọ 18, meriri. Ma ọ bụ dị nnọọ a mmeri, ma a n'ezie ewee nọrọ n'ọgba aghara nke Conservatives edu John Isi, mgbe Labor Party merie 253 oche ọzọ. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị nnọchiteanya nke Labor Party na nzuko omeiwu bụ 418, nke bụ ka unbroken ndekọ nke ọzọ. Toni Bler ghọrọ Prime Minister nke Great Britain.

Na ntuli aka na 2001 na 2005, na ọrụ Party ọzọ nweta mmeri na a dum oke, na wepụ, karị 413 na 356 oche nzuko omeiwu. Ma, n'agbanyeghị na n'ozuzu arụpụta ezi, na-emekarị gosiri a ịrịba ọnụ na-ewu ewu APS n'etiti Ntuli. Nke a bụ na ọ dịghị nta mee ka ike ike mba ọzọ amụma nke Labor Party edu Toni Blerom, kwuru, akpan akpan, na-arụsi ọrụ ike agha nkwado nke American aka na Iraq, nakwa dị ka na-ekere òkè bombu of Yugoslavia.

N'afọ 2007, Toni Bler gbara arụkwaghịm, na dị ka onye ndú nke ọzọ na praịm minista nọchikwara site Gordon Brown. Otú ọ dị, nke mbụ Omeiwu ntuli aka mgbe arụkwaghịm nke Blair, nke mere na 2010, ghọọ a mmeri maka Labor Party na mmeri nke na-agbasochi omenala, edu David Cameron. Nke a n'ihi mee ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na Gordon Brown ka a tọhapụrụ bụghị naanị premiership, ma hapụrụ ọnọdụ nke otu onye ndú.

modernity

Na-alụ maka post of isi nke Labor Party ke 2010 merie Ed Miliband. Ma mmeri nke otu ke 2015 Omeiwu ntuli aka, nke o gosiri ọbụna na-erughị doro anya n'ihi karịa oge ikpeazụ, Mr Miliband manyere arụkwaghịm.

Ugbu isi nke APS bụ Dzheremi Korbin, onye, n'adịghị Blair na Brown, bụ onye nnọchiteanya nke ekpe nku nke ọzọ. N'oge ahụ, ọ na-maara dị ka onye iro nke Iraq agha.

Evolution of akụziri

N'oge ya n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, na-akụziri ndị Labor Party agbanweela ịrịba mgbanwe. Ná mmalite, ọ na-elekwasị anya na-oru na ahia otu ije, ka oge na-ọzọ na ndị ọzọ etinye obi gị dum na ikeketeorie ọcha, si otú na-akpụ akpụ nso ideologically na ebighị ebi ya na-ama - na Conservative Party. Otú ọ dị, ihe nweta nke na-elekọta mmadụ ikpe ziri ezi na mba na-mgbe na-gụnyere ke ebute ụzọ nke ọzọ. Ma, Union Labor ọzọ na ndị Kọmunist na ndị ọzọ na oké ekpe okwukwo.

N'ozuzu Labor akụziri nwere ike kọwara dị ka na-elekọta mmadụ onye kwuo uche.

atụmanya

Na ọzọ Labor Party atụmatụ mmeri na-esonụ Omeiwu ntuli aka ga-enwe na 2020. N'ezie, mejuputa ọ ga-abụ nnọọ ike, e nyere ugbu a na ọnwụ nke electoral sympathies na otu, ma oge ịgbanwe Voter echiche ezuru.

Dzheremi Korbin ezube na-Ntuli amara site alaghachi n'aka ekpe-nku akụziri, nke bụ na mbụ pụta ụwa Labour Party.