Culture Russian ala na 12-13 narị afọ - isi nkebi nke development

Culture Russian ala na 12-13 ọtụtụ narị afọ, n'ihi na intensification nke feudal fragmentation, ebelata mmetụta nke Kiev. Nke dị ná mpụga nke ugboro oké ala ịzụlite obere feudal isi. Nke a polycentrism na-eme ka ọtụtụ omenala emmepe, nke na-ama na budata si na Kiev mmetụta na ịzụlite ha mbụ direction. North Russia e anọchi anya Vladimir-Suzdal na Novgorod ihe gbasara onye isi, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ - Galicia-Volyn. Arts, ije, akwụkwọ, sayensị - a bụ isi na ọnọdụ e ji mara omenala Russian ala 12-13 ọtụtụ narị afọ. Nkenke akọwa ndị okwukwo n'okpuru.

ije

Onye ọ bụla nke Russian isi na-ekwu na a na-eduga ọrụ na omenala development. N'iṅomi nke isi obodo Kiev nke ọ bụla n'ime ha na-wuru dị ka Cathedrals of St. Sophia, guzobere Golden Gate. N'ime oge ahụ, e a nlereanya ya pụrụ iche style, e ji mara oge ochie Russian ije. Vladimir Assumption Cathedral, Church of intercession na Nerl, Dmitrievsky Cathedral - kasị ama ụkpụrụ ụlọ masterpieces, nke bụ ma ama n'ihi na omenala nke Russian ala 12-13 ọtụtụ narị afọ.

Literature. birchbark

The akpa leta on birch ogbugbo a hụrụ na Novgorod ke 1951. Ha na ha azụ 11-12 narị afọ. Ọ na-e mesịrị hụrụ birch ogbugbo na Pskov, Vitebsk, na Smolensk, Staraya Russa. Ihu ọma akwụkwọ ozi na-akọwa na-elekọta mmadụ akụkụ nke ndụ n'oge ahụ. E nwere emetụtaghị okwu ikpe, probate na nhazi iwu, iwu. Otu n'ime ihe ndị bara uru na-achọta akwụkwọ ozi na-akọwa mmụta oge ochie Russia. Dị ka ọ bịara mara, na karịrị n'ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Russian ụmụ amaala si dị iche iche na-elekọta mmadụ iche n'oge ahụ maara otú ịgụ na ide. Na mmuta zụrụ bụghị nanị ndị ikom kamakwa ndị inyom.

Akwụkwọ na Nsụgharị

A akwa ebe na akwụkwọ nke oge e nyere nkà mmụta okpukpe akwụkwọ. Culture Russian ala na 12-13 narị afọ jupụtara ọrụ nsụgharị si niile mara asụsụ. A nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nkà mmụta okpukpe treatises na-sụgharịa Russian. N'ime oge ahụ, m malitere ịsụgharị na akwụkwọ e. Lives of oké ikom na ha n'ọgbụgba ndụ, na ọchịchọ. N'oge a na mọnk nke e dere dị iche iche mere n'ụbọchị na ihe emere n'ubọchi. Ọ agbasawo a ọhụrụ ụdị ọrụ odide - "izi". The kasị mara ndekọ e dere ọbọhọ ruo ugbu a: "Ntụziaka nke Monomakh", "Tinyenụ."

eke sayensị

Ịka nkà mmụta sayensị na ihe ọmụma nke nwoke na nke eluigwe na ala - otu n'ime ndị isi ebe e ji mara omenala nke Russian ala na 12-13 ọtụtụ narị afọ. Foreign Odide, na-akọwa na Ọdịdị nke ụwa na eluigwe na ụwa, di iche iche nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi, na-arụsi ọrụ sụgharịa na-ekesa. N'ezie, n'ụbọchị ndị ahụ, ihe niile na-emere onwe ha asughariwo okpukpe okwu, ma ihe odide e nyere ndị dị mkpa ihe onwunwe ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nnyocha.

Egosipụta 12-13 narị afọ

Culture Russian ala e ji ntoputa nke Russian icon sere. Nke a okpukpe ije na art abịawo anyị si Byzantium, ma mgbe e mesịrị ghọọ a kpere Russian art direction. Jighi asceticism nke Byzantine oyiyi obere dabara ọṅụ nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Slav. Isi achị Russian oyiyi ẹnịm Byzantine aha. Ka ihe atụ, Byzantine na-anọgide kasị nkịtị oyiyi nke Virgin "Oranta" - na-ekpe ekpere, "Odigidriya" - ejide a nwa ya na ogwe aka, "Eleusa" - ịpị Child. Isi ihe abụọ ebe e ekenyela iconography - Novgorod, nke na-eji na-egbuke egbuke, jupụta na agba, na Kiev iji ọzọ aghụghọ shades na ọkara-aj u.

N'otu oge, ndị nile ngwa crafts - nkume a tụrụ atụ na osisi. Nkume a tụrụ atụ chọọ ya mma ụlọ arụsị na obí eze, na osisi nakawa etu esi hụrụ ọbụna ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị: ha mma na akpọkwa ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị na nri arịa.

N'agbanyeghị nke feudal fragmentation, omenala nke Russian ala na 12-13 ọtụtụ narị afọ bụ na a elu larịị. Ọzọkwa ya mmepe gbochiri mmalite nke Tatar-Mongol agha na Russian ala na oruru nke Tartar yoke.