E kwuru banyere Moscow na emere n'ubọchi e jikọtara ya na aha nke Grand Duke. Nke afọ hụrụ mbụ aha Moscow?

History of Ancient Russia - a-akpali nnọọ mmasị oge na okwu nke ọkachamara ọdịmma nke mmadụ na n'anya. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ na-amalite amalite, guzobere na mepụtara iche iche nke ọhaneze na akụ na ụba, socio-na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Filiks. E nwere ọtụtụ obodo nke ọbọhọ ruo ugbu a. Ọ bụ oge a bụ nke mbụ okwu nke Moscow.

A bit nke mere n'oge ochie

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eme a obere njem mmụta n'ime anya gara aga nke mba anyị, anyị pụrụ ịhụ na mmezi nke bi n'ebe a bụ site na puku afọ abụọ BC. N'ezie, ọ bụ nnọọ oge ochie ọtụtụ, ma na nke a niile na-amalite. Active migratory Filiks, so na oge, kwere ka ha biri na-ahụ ndị kasị mma maka ebe a, otu onye n'ime ha na-aghọ ndị East European Plain, akpan akpan Upland. Ọ bugara ebe a Proto-Slavic ebo nile, nke a na-kewapụrụ Germany na Slavic Balt n'onwe ya. Ka e mesịrị, e nwere nkewa nke Slavic uka n'ime atọ dị iche iche: na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, n'ebe ndịda nakwa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Kwesịrị ịdị, na afọ nke mbụ banyere Moscow ka dị anya. Otú ọ dị, ndị Slav biri na ókèala ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nke Russia, na ndị agbata obi nke isi obodo wee malite ịdakwasị na kasị ala n'ihi na nke a ebe - Borovitsky Hill.

Mbụ hụrụ: The Chronicle nke Moscow

Na akụkọ ihe mere ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ nkịtị version nke ọdịdị na Moscow na mmalite ụbọchị nke ala nke guzobe nke Eastern Slav. N'ezie, e gwupụtara n'ala na-enye ohere anyị na-ekwu na ebe a, e nwere a mmezi, na nnọọ mepụtara. Otú ọ dị, ka na-arụ ụka na ọ bụ Moscow, i nwere ike. The eziokwu na e nwere na-enweghị dere isi mmalite banyere ọdịdị nke a bụ na ọ bụghị, na Ya mere, ihe mere inwe obi ike ma. The isi akwụkwọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge ochie Russia bụ "Akụkọ nke gara Years" Nestor mọnk. Ọ bụrụ na anyị ejiri nlezianya na-amụ ya, anyị nwere ike ịghọta na ọ bụ nanị na nke iri na abụọ na narị afọ, e nwere ihe e kwuru banyere Moscow. The ụbọchị nke ihe omume a na-metụtara nanị akụkụ ụfọdụ 1147, mgbe i nwere ike ịmụta ihe ọhụrụ dịtụ ekpu aha "anwụnta". Ke ofụri ofụri, na na oge mpaghara a, jiri ya tụnyere obodo ndị ọzọ nke North-Eastern Russia, nwere ike na-akpọ a kama backward, na obodo ahụ ntị chiri na ime obodo.

Natural uru na ilepụ anya n'ihu Prince

Otú ọ dị, ebe a na-nnọọ conveniently odude geographically, otú dọtara anya nke ndi-isi nke niile n'ohu. Ma pụta ìhè Moscow ga-abịa a nnọọ ogologo oge. The ebe otu mgbe were a fancy nke nta nwa Vladimir Monomakh, Yuri Dolgoruky utu aha. Dị ka Rostov-Suzdal isi, ọ na-ele anya na Kiev, ma ọ maara na internecine mgba bụ mkpa inwe a siri ike n'azụ. Na ochie obodo ndị a haziri nke ọma na ike knight iche iche. Ke adianade do, obodo dị, n'ụzọ ihe atụ, na etiti nke Russian onwunwe, nke bụ nnọọ adaba n'ihi na onye agha na fọrọ nke nta niile bụ isi isi nke North-East. Ya mere, e kwuru banyere Moscow jikọtara aha Grand Duke Yuri Vladimirovich, ebe a bụ a kansul nke agha ahụ, ọ gwara ya na ya so na-alụ maka elu na Russia na a ikwu nke Prince Svyatoslav Olegovich.

Hypotheses na esemokwu

Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị nke a, n'etiti akụkọ ihe mere eme e nweghị otutu mmadu kwenyere banyere afọ nke obodo ntọala. Nke a bụ n'ihi na-emegiderịta na-achọta ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na a na-ejikọta ya na 1147 e kwuru banyere Moscow. The ụbọchị na ajụjụ, n'ihi na ndị ọzọ na ihe emere n'ubọchi-enye ozi na na 1156, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky na saịtị nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu isi obodo tọrọ ntọala e wusiri ike. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-mara na n'oge a ọ na-achị na Kiev, na ọ bụrụ na ọ tọrọ ntọala Moscow na oge a, mgbe ahụ, a merenụ ga-ekere ke ndekọ. Otú ọ dị, n'oge a na-akpata na-eme nkịtị na-anya. N'agbanyeghị aha Moscow na 1147, akụkọ ihe mere eme kweere na n'oge ahụ na-akpọ ya a na-fledged mmezi adịghị. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere bụ ka a afọ nke na-ebikwasị ndị e wusiri ike na ndị mepere emepe na mmezi nke 1153. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ndị Rostov-Suzdal onyeisi bụ n'ebe ndị ahụ, n'ihi ya, anyị nwere ike iche na nke a version.

Kuchkovo - Moscow

Otú ọ dị, Yuri akpachara dọọrọ uche gaa obodo. Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, Moscow ọnọdụ na-eme ka ọ dị nnọọ adaba na mma n'ụzọ mgbe na gọvanọ na-aghọta n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Ọbụna mgbe Kiev-isi, o ji akụkụ nke ya n'ebe ndị Moscow nwere. A iwu iso na nwa ya Andrew Bogolyubskii, kama na-ekwu na n'oge ahụ Moscow bụ akwa usoro dị mkpa, ọ gaghị ekwe omume. Ọ bụ obere ókè ịgafe ebe, ebe gafere ókè-isi, ụzọ azụmahịa. Ọ bụ a adaba ebe Moscow onwunwe jikọrọ ẹwot Prince Andreya Bogolyubskogo. Ala a bụ obere ọgụgụ dị nta nke Boyar Stepan na-akpọ Kuchkovo. N'ịchọ atụgharị onwunwe n'ime onwe ha, na mbụ gbalịrị ime ka Prince Stepan enye n'ógbè a, ma intransigence nke Boyar dugara e gbuo ya, na afọ ojuju n'etiti boyars 'ala, nke rụpụtara na a gbara izu ọjọọ na igbu ọchụ nke Prince Andreya Bogolyubskogo. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị nke a, ga-eme n'ọdịnihu isi obodo nke ebe e kenyere ya Monomakh.

The ọrụ nke na-anọchi Aleksandra Nevskogo na mmepe nke Moscow mmetụta

Ma obodo mmepe bụ nnọọ ngwa ngwa. Ebe ọ bụ na mgbe mbụ e dere aha Moscow, na ruo mgbe dị otú ahụ oge dị ka ọ na-enweta onwe ya mmetụta, ọ dịla karịa ọkara narị afọ. Naanị na nke iri na atọ na narị afọ, ọ malitere na atụmatụ nke a nnukwu obodo mepere emepe mmezi na otu ihe dị mkpa usoro ebe. E kwuru banyere Moscow ọhụrụ ya ike dara mgbe oge a. Nke a na-egosi na-abawanye na mmetụta nke na obodo na niile-Russian omume. Ezi okooko-amalite mgbe Alexander Yaroslavovich, natara ya ịkpa aha otutu Nevsky, na-ahapụ ya ihe nketa ya ọ tọrọ nwa, Daniel. Na mbụ, ndị na-eto eto, onyeisi bụ na-ewe iwe na ọ na a rundown ihe gbasara onye isi, ma dị ka Mougins, ọ malitere ịghọta mkpa mpaghara a na mmetụta na iwu nke Russia oge nke fragmentation. Ọ bụ n'ụzọ ọ bụla na-ewusi ya site dynastic alụmdi na nwunye, ndị agha. Ọ bụghị ikpeazụ ọrụ na-egwuri site na aghụghọ onyeisi. Site na njedebe nke ọchịchị ya, na ihe gbasara onye isi nke Moscow na obodo a nnọọ ịrịba rivals maka elu na mba.

Daniilovich na-alụ maka elu

Karịsịa, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na ịrị elu nke Moscow n'ihi na eziokwu na ochie emmepe (Kiev, na mgbe Vladimir) nwayọọ nwayọọ ahụ na-akwụsị n'ime ọrụ, na ahụ pụta ìhè Tver na otu "ọlaedo-domed". Anyị kwesịrị kwukwara na ọ dị mkpa nke mmetụta nke a n'ihu ọha alụmdi, dị ka Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Russia. Ná mmalite nke iri na anọ na narị afọ, mepere obi kpaliri site Vladimir ka Moscow. Ọ bụ na, n'eziokwu, pụtara a nkọ abawanye na ọnọdụ na mmetụta nke ikpeazụ. Ihe omume a mere ka a mere, na bụ n'ihi anya-ahụ ụzọ nke ọma iwu nke Moscow-isi. The usoro direction setịpụrụ Daniilom Aleksandrovichem, gaa n'ihu ya na-anọchi: Yuri, na-adịghị dị iche na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kpọrọ ihe, na Ivan nọdụ ala n'ocheeze mgbe ọnwụ nke nne-ya. Ivan, utu aha Kalita bụ authentic mmebe ewusi mmetụta nke-eto eto ma oké ọchịchọ obodo. Ọ bụ n'oge ya Mongol khans nyere ugwo nke ụtụ na-aka nke ndị Moscow-achị achị.

ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

Mgbe Prince apụta chroniclers, nke na-agụnye ndị mbụ kwuru na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị Moscow na itoolu, na ọbụna na mmalite nke narị afọ nke asatọ. All a mere iji yie ndị ziri ezi nri na obodo na ihe gbasara onye isi nke mbụ na niile-Russian omume. Isi na boyars ikpe akwado nke a version. Kalita iwu gaa n'ihu ya na ụmụ Ivan Red, nwetara ya aha otutu maka a mara mma anya, na Semyon mpako, oké oké mpako. Mgbe ha na-eme mgbanwe iji akukonsinooge nzube a ntakịrị "wear" n'ọdịnihu isi obodo. Otú ọ dị, o doro anya na nke mbụ kwuru na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị Moscow, ewepụtara kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi chroniclers, ọ bụghị eziokwu, na a na-eme naanị n'ihi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bu n'obi. Dmitry Ivanovich ọbụna ihe na-ewusi ndị na-eduga ọnọdụ nke obodo, ndibọhọ a bụrụkwa mmeri Mongol-Tatar agha na Kulikovo ubi 1380. Otú ọ dị, afọ abụọ mgbe e mesịrị, a ọhụrụ wakporo mwakpo na-ejide ndị obodo na mberede, na ọ na-e na ọkụ fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam.

Family esemokwu n'elu nketa Moscow

N'ọdịnihu, n'etiti ndị nketa nke a na-alụ maka ike, natara na akụkọ ihe mere e ji amụ dị ka a oké feudal agha. Nke a na peeji nke Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme jupụtara mwute oge. The eto eto nwetara Vasily II Ọchịchịrị, na nwa ya, Ivan III of, n'ihi na oge mbụ ebe ọ bụ na feudal fragmentation akawanye aha Grand Prince of All Russia na Moscow ghọrọ isi obodo nke a dị n'otu Russia. Mgbe e mesịrị, obodo ọbụna ihe na-ewusi na mụbaa. Dị ka kwuru site British ahịa, ọ bụ ndị ọzọ nke London. Ya ọnọdụ dị ka a isi obodo Moscow nọgidere na-enwe ruo mgbe ndị na-ewu nke St. Petersburg na narị afọ atọ amịghịkwa n'ọbụ aka aka edere edere isi obodo. Otú ọ dị, na 1918 mgbalị Bolsheviks, ọ ọzọ ghọrọ isi obodo nke mmalite nke RSFSR na mgbe ahụ USSR.

Moscow: si isi obodo nke ihe gbasara onye isi nke bụ isi obodo Russia

N'ihi ya, i nwere ike mara na nkenke mata isi akụkụ nke ntọala na mmepe nke obodo: e kwuru banyere ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị Moscow dị ka a obere mmezi ka ọnọdụ nke a buru ibu ma na ike isi obodo. N'ụzọ dị otú a, ọ agbanweela ọtụtụ mgbanwe dị ka ọdịdị na ogo ya mmetụta na general n'ezie ihe omume. Karịsịa, nwa Basil Dark wuru Kremlin dị ka anyị nwere ike na-edebe ya na oge anyị, nke red brick. The dum akụkọ ihe mere eme n'etiti obodo e wuru na Middle Ages, na mgbe ahụ bụ naanị ubé gbanwere. Ọ bụ ezie na akụkọ ihe mere eme ga-agbaji a otutu mbipụta, na-ekwupụta hypotheses banyere oge nke mmezi, e nwere a n'ozuzu nabatara echiche na mbụ banyere Moscow ụbọchị nke iri na abụọ na narị afọ, a na-ewere na nchoputa nke Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Afọ nke mbụ aha ghọtara 1147. Ma obodo bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu obodo na ụwa na isi obodo nke mba anyị.