Nnukwu agha arụmọrụ ebe ọ bụ na Agha Ụwa Mbụ, nke banyere ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị nke akụkọ ihe mere n'okpuru aha "Verdun anụ grinder", bụ nke mbụ mkpa omume nke iri abụọ na narị afọ. The agha weere ọnọdụ n'etiti German na French agha na Western Front n'oge ọnwa iri. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke onwu na abụọ, na France ka jisiri chebe onwe ya. On n'ọgbọ agha e kpebiri ka nnọọ akara aka nke mba ahụ na ya territorial ike n'ezi ihe. British ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere Alistair Horaị dere banyere nke a agha dị ka nke a: "Mgbe n'ihu, ọ dịghị nke na-isi usu na strategists anaghị atụ anya ka a mmeri site na-ejide na-egbu egbu ọbara ọgbụgba. Echiche dị otú ahụ nwere ike na-ewetara ndị obi ọjọọ ọdịdị nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ, mgbe kpamkpam obi tara mmiri isi anya na ndụ ndị mmadụ dị ka ụfọdụ nkeji. "
German Strategy maka 1916
Victory na aga na afọ e nyere na Germany bụ ọnụ. Inside mba, ndị mmadụ na-agụụ na-agụgbu, ma ndị agha nọ na-na nkenye ọnọdụ nke asakde iso ese. Resources na-ejedebeghị na ndị agha kansul achoputala atọ nsogbu na ike ga-edozi. Ha na-eche na atọ kasị dị ike na-emegide, Russia, Britain na France. N'ihi na a European ibu e kpebiri iji na-akwado na amamihe ije. Na na Alexander Gelfand ozugbo natara 1 nde rubles. England kpebiri iru kwụsịrị Inwe nkwuwa okpuru mmiri ọgụ. Na-akwanyere ùgwù France, e kpebiri chọta ndị kasị ekwe ebe ke akara nke nkenye ọnọdụ nke ndị agha na-eme ka ọ a itunanya. Nke a òkè chọtara n'ụdị a obere protrusion nso Verdun. Na-emeri ndị na-emeghe onuuzo nyere nime ya ka Paris na ụdi kwenye nke French agha. N'ihu mmepe nke ọnọdụ soro eru - agha Verdun.
Na-akwadebe maka agha
Na akụkụ nke n'ihu ogologo nke 15 kilomita na otu akụkụ e nwere ìgwè abụọ nke French agha. Germany osụk megide ha isii na ọkara nke nkewa-ha na fọrọ nke nta niile na ike nke ogbunigwe. N'ihi ya German itunanya a gbakọtara enye na-aga n'ihu na ụdi agha. Agha nke Verdun malitere na eziokwu ahụ na elu-igwe kpamkpam sụrụ si French ụgbọelu na German atụ bọmbụ nwere ike kpam kpam na-adị mfe ime ihe atọ. Nke ahụ bụ, na mmalite nke mkpọsa kpebiri na onye nke Ịhazi nsogbu - na njupụta nke airspace. German spotters ọku mere ha kacha mma. Site n'ụzọ, ọ ga-kwuru na French skwodron "Nieuport" bụ ike n'ụzọ zuru ezu isonye na agha na May. Ya mere malitere agha Verdun.
Mmalite nke agha nso Verdun e wusiri ike ebe
Dị ka doro anya si ọzụzụ, "Verdun anụ grinder" e buru ụzọ site German iwu ibido. Ụtụtụ, ndị Germany malitere ogbunigwe nkwadebe, nke e kere 8 awa mgbe German agha wee na-akpasu iwe na otu nke ngalaba nke n'ihu - by osimiri Meuse. Ma n'ebe ahu ka ha na-echere isi ike French eguzogide. Ndị Germany na-arịgoro bipu uko n'usoro ibu agha na nke ìgwè ụfọdụ e guzobere otu EBIONITISM. Aga n'ihu Scout wakpo brigeedi, mesikwuru bombu throwers, igwe na egbe na flamethrower. N'ihi ya, "Verdun anụ grinder" n'ụbọchị nke mbụ ka ndị ji na tupu nke German agha na abụọ kilomita ruo n'azụ nke French na-arụ na mbụ ha ọnọdụ.
February-March 1916
The French adịghị atụ anya ka ndị dị otú ahụ a mmetụta dị ike. Ọ bụ nanị mgbe ụbọchị mbụ malitere ịchụkwudo na Verdun ọzọ agha nkeji. Ọzọkwa, ha na ịgụ na nkwado nke England. Ma North Albion na otú agha coolly, na karịsịa bụghị na a ọsọ ọsọ na-enyemaka nke allies. The Germany agbanwebeghị si eme na-abịa n'ụbọchị site n'ụtụtụ ruo ná mgbede na-arụ ọrụ ogbunigwe, nhazi ebe, na n'abalị ya were bipu. All French ulo-agha furu mgbe 4 ụbọchị. The French iwu, albeit belatedly, emewo nzọụkwụ: ụgbọala ụgbọala na ndị ọzọ na ngalaba nke n'ihu agha nkeji ego nke 190 puku ndị agha na 25 tọn ibu. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị German agha kwụsịrị a oke nke manpower (1.5 ugboro). Verdun agha enwetara protracted.
Lake naroch iwe Russian
Ọnọdụ nke French agha e nyeere ọdọ naroch iwe Russian. Na arịrịọ nke French ọchịagha na isi Joffre Russian ọnụego emewo a ntoonu. Na ókèala nke oge a na Belarus, Minsk region - gburugburu Lake Naroch - ụbọchị abụọ nọgidere na-shelling nke German agha. Gịnị soro agakarị achị bipu ọgụ na sonso gbochiri site German agha. N'oge a, a òkè nke n'ihu kpaliri ọzọ agha, na Russian na-akpasu iwe a abụrụ. Ma achọrọ N'ihi e nwetara - Verdun agha kwụsịrị izu abụọ, na French na-enwe ike inye a "n'azụ".
The agha dọkpụụrụ na
The French ndị enwe ike ike a "dị nsọ, ụzọ" tinyere nke kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ọkọnọ ya agha. Ọrụ a na-n'ụzọ doro anya na-egbu oge. The Germany gbanwere eme nke March ha isi agha na-eduzi na-ekpe ụlọ akụ nke osimiri Meuse. Ma, n'agbanyeghị mgbalị nile nke ndị agha Germany, site May, ha na-enwe ọganihu naanị 6 kilomita. Ọzọkwa, ọhụrụ ọchịagha Robert Nivelle họpụtara May, nke gbalịrị hazie ihe rụrụ, ma ihe niile mgbalị jideekwaozo nkera Duamon na dechapụ ndị Germany, mgbe ahụ, French agha kpamkpam hapụrụ ha na mbụ ọnọdụ.
Brusilov iwe na ikpeazụ ọnọdụ Verdun
7 June ndị Germany wakporo nkera, were ya na, ịka 1 kilometa n'ime ókèala ndị French. The iwe nwere ike iso, ma n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1916, ndị agha Russia kwadebeere na-atụghị anya na anya maka German agha ulo oru a isi na-akpasu iwe na Lutsk. Na-agha bụ ekwe omume. N'ihi ya, maka dum n'oge okpomọkụ, ndị agha Germany na-dọpụ ndị Eastern Front, na omume Verdun ebelata. Ke adianade do, dị iche na spring mkpọsa, Russian agha merie a ezigbo mmeri ma nwere East Galicia na Bukovina. Ke adianade do, ịwa akpọ "Brusilov itunanya" bụ a kpam kpam ọhụrụ ụdị iwe ihe. German agha na-ebelatawo ma na-amanye na-aga na Western Front na-agbachitere. Na October, na French agha oru ihe rụrụ doro, mgbe ke December laghachi ya ọnọdụ, nke bụ na mmalite nke ibu agha. "Verdun anụ grinder" zuru.
Results na uru nke Agha nke Verdun
Ọ dịghị ụzọ na kenkwucha ebumnobi, "Verdun anụ grinder" na 1916 mere idozi: na French agha wee ha otu ọnọdụ. Ma, ọ bụrụ na ị gbakọọ weere, Agha nke Verdun akarịala niile na-atụ anya. Abụọ nwere furu efu ihe karịrị 1 nde ndị agha, nke nke banyere 430.000 e gburu. Verdun na 1916 meghere oge nke ajọ agha nke iri abụọ na narị afọ. Ma na-arụpụta ka ha na Verdun jiri usoro plan nke Germany. Na site na oge agha akụkọ ihe mere eme mara depletion Germany agha nwere. Note nakwa na agha Verdun na mbụ ji mee ihe chemical shells, ìhè igwe egbe, flamethrowers na bombu égbè. Ọzọkwa mmegharị mbụ nwalere agha site n'okporo ụzọ iga mere site wakpo iche iche, ọ na-enwekwu njupụta nke shelling, ji wakpo edinam ugbo elu.