Emperor Haile Selassie m: biography, ụmụ, foto, ruturu

The eze ukwu ikpeazụ nke Ethiopia, chụpụrụ na a agha kuu ke 1974, Haile Selassie m, ukwuu controversial onye na-achị. Mgbe oge ya na ụlọ ọrụ, o nwere aha nke onye mmụta na-arụsi ọrụ ike, edidem onye mba bụghị naanị bụghị onye ọ bụla ógbè, ma ghọrọ a full so na United Nations Organization.

controversial onye na-achị

Haile Selassie m ẹkenịmde management ọnọdụ kemgbe 1906, mgbe ọ dị afọ 15. Na 25, o nwetara aha nke onye nketa ka okpueze, na regent na ghọrọ n'ezie onye na-achị Ethiopia si autocratic. Nke a autocracy were afọ 58.

N'ime otú ahụ ogologo oge, Ethiopia nke nwetara mba ude, ghọrọ onye òtù nke ọtụtụ mba na òtù nkwekọrịta na jisiri iguzogide mgbalị weghara akụkụ nke Italy. Haile Selassie m haziri na edu Òtù nke African Unity, nke e mechara ghọrọ ndị African Union.

N'ihi ya ùgwù na iwu nke nnwere onwe na nke na-efe ha eze ukwu. A mụrụ na afọ nke ya nrigo ocheeze Rastafarianism weere ya na n'onwe Jaa Chineke. The nnọọ okpukpe ije nweta aha a aha na Haile Selassie yi na echichi. Ma, ọ bụghị ihe niile bụ mfe otú ahụ.

N'oge ọchịchị nke Haile Selassie m nke Ethiopia nọgidere ogbenye ala, na-ata ahụhụ si na ọrịa na agụụ, n'agbanyeghị ihe karịrị ezuru enyemaka si ma US na UK, na USSR. Mgbe ndị ya agụụ gburu, eze ukwu bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị nwee ego nke oge, ọ bụghị nanị na Africa ma n'ụwa nile. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na ndị dị otú ahụ ha nwere emeela ka sọrọ banyere àgwà ya na ihe mere eme.

aha

The aha e nyere ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu eze ukwu site nne na nna ya - Tafari. Nke a aha bụ si sụgharịa Ge'ez asụsụ dị ka "onye na-ga-na-akwanyere ùgwù na-atụ egwu." Dị ka nwatakịrị nke a magburu onwe ya na ezinụlọ, ọdịnihu nketa kwesịrị nwere tupu aha nke n'usoro - Lidge, mgbe nke atọ so aha nna ya na, mgbe ụfọdụ, nna nna ya. Ya mere, aha nke eze ukwu ikpeazụ dị ka ndị a: Lidge Tafari Mekonnyn Voldemikael. Na baptism, Tafari bụ aha nsọ nke Haile Selassie, nke sụgharịrị n'aka "ike nke Atọ n'Ime Otu."

Ebe adia oru nke otu n'ime n'ógbè Ethiopia, na mesịrị ghọọ onye nketa ka ocheeze ahụ, ga-eme n'ọdịnihu onye na-achị wee ọhụrụ n'usoro - agbụrụ, Ẹkot a Russian onyeisi ma ọ bụ Western Prince. Ugbu a ọ na-jụrụ Tafari Mekonnyn agbụrụ. Nke a bụ aha e nyere aha Rastafarianism.

Ebe rịgooro ocheeze ahụ, Ras Tafari bụ iri ọhụrụ eze aha. Ọ họọrọ aha e nyere ya na ya baptism, na ghọrọ Emperor Haile Selassie 1. autocratic edidem full aha ya bụ: Eze nke ndị eze, bụ onye ndú nke gentlemen, ọdụm - eto eto nke ebo Juda, Ya Imperial n'iru eze, na Chineke hoputara na Ìhè nke ụwa.

Haile Selassie m: biography, mmalite afọ

N'ọdịnihu eze ukwu a mụrụ July 23, 1892 na a obere obodo dị na Edzhersa Goro Harar n'ógbè. Ọ bụ iri na nwa nke a agbụrụ Mekonnyna, a na nwa nwanne nna nke Eze Ukwu nke Ethiopia Menelik II. Haile Selassie nna bụ gọvanọ Harar, isi ọchịagha nke Etiopia agha na eze ukwu ahụ-enye Ndụmọdụ. Mekonnyna usoro ndị eze sitere n'eriri Eze Solomon na ndị Queen nke Sheba.

Ruru ya elu ọnọdụ ọha mmadụ, agbụrụ Mekonnyn bụ ike inye nwa-ya ihe magburu onwe agụmakwụkwọ. Na mbụ nwa ahụ ọzụzụ na-ewe Domestic Inyeaka, mgbe ahụ, a mọnk nke Order nke Capuchins, na mgbe - a ọkà mmụta sayensị si Guadeloupe French malite. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 13 afọ Tafari nwere aha ọhụrụ - dedzhazmach, nke kwekọrọ na European agụ. Mgbe ahụ Tafari mbụ management ahụmahụ na a họpụtara gọvanọ obere Selaga n'ógbè. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 15 na afọ, Tafari bụ na akara nke ógbè Sidamo, ma ka afọ 18 malitere ịchị ndị obodo Harar.

regency

Ọ na-na n'ụlọ nke n'ógbè ochichi, Tafari kpebiri ruo oge ụfọdụ na-anọ na nke ndị eze ukwu n'ụlọikpe. Mgbe accession ocheeze ọhụrụ Emperor Ieyasu V mmekọahụ n'etiti isi mba na Tafari otú ahụ mma, ọ ọbụna na-efu ya post dị ka gọvanọ Harar.

Ieyasu V ghọrọ Emperor-agwa ibe ha ebere ka Islam na bịara ọbụna na-eyi a ákwà nkuku isi ahụ, egwu na-akpọ Ethiopia - otu n'ime ndị mbụ Christian mba nile nke ụwa - Islam. Dị otú ahụ n'obi merụsịrị egwu ogige, na na 1916 na ha na-na-ewere uru nke nwa oge na-anọghị nke eze ukwu, chụpụrụ ya, e wepụ na-etinye na ocheeze ya na nwanne mama, họpụtara Tafari regent ma nye ya aha agbụrụ.

Dị ka a regent ruo mgbe 1930, Ras Tafari rụrụ ọtụtụ mgbanwe, otu nke kasị na-akwanyere ùgwù agha mgbanwe na mgbanwe na anụ ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ iwu. Tafari Mekonnyn kpọlite ndị larịị nke muta, eguzobewo isi akụrụngwa na-enye ele mmadụ anya n'ihu ekpochapụ ịgba ohu. Ọ bịanyere aka nkwekọrịta na ọtụtụ mba na mpaghara na ike ụwa na kewapụrụ site Ethiopia na League of Nations.

Ascension na Ocheeze

Ná ngwụsị nke 1930 na regent e kpuwere na guzobere na Etiopia ocheeze dị ka Haile Selassie I. Ya echichi e gara bụghị naanị na ihe niile nke Etiopia oké ozu, ma na-anọchite anya nke na-achị echelons nke ọtụtụ European na-ekwu. Na nsọpụrụ nke na-ewere okpueze Photo Haile Selassie m e bipụtara Times magazine cover.

Emperor mgbanwe

Ukpụhọde atumatu nke ọhụrụ eze ukwu ugboro ugboro e-akatọ maka ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ omenala ụkpụrụ na mgbanwe na-elekwasị anya na-echebekwa ndị zuru akwado ọchịchị ya. Ọbụna nakweere na 1931, nke mbụ bụ na ihe mere eme nke Etiopia oruru-ekwuwàpụta ndị zuru ike nke eze ukwu na ebibi.

Haile Selassie m kere a bicameral nzuko omeiwu. N'ọnụ ụlọ dị n'elu Emperor Sineti kenyere onwe na-ahọrọ n'etiti ala n'ígwé achị ama. Olee otú a ga radically ịgbanwe nwere ike anya, ha ka na-adịghị agbanwe ọnọdụ nke nkịtị Etiopia.

Megidere Italy

Ná mmalite nke October 1935 Italy na mberede malitere agha ihe megide Ethiopia, imebi ya n'ókè-ala, na-akpụ akpụ site na Eritrea gafee osimiri Mareb na si Somalia na ntụziaka nke Harar. Haile Selassie kwuru a n'ozuzu nchikota ndi mmadu di.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị agha rụrụ oke mgbanwe, Etiopia agha kemgbe wezuga adịghị njikere maka oke ịlụ ọgụ enweghị arọ ngwá agha. Against tankị, flamethrowers, mgbawa mgbọ , na ọbụna chemical ngwá agha ndị Etiopia na-ebu naanị a égbè n'aka. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-anọchite anya nke oge ufodu agha wee agha na ube na mma-agha.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị eze ukwu onwe-edu ndị agha ya gaa agha, n'etiti 1936 Etiopia e meriri, na Haile Selassie m, ụmụ, ụmụ ụmụ na-arụkọ nke eze ukwu ọsọ ná mba ọzọ. Etiopia ndị mmadụ nọ na-mbà na edikpu oke onye na-achị.

Mgbe n'ala ọzọ, onye eze ukwu ugboro ugboro chọọ enyemaka si na US, UK na mba ndị ọzọ. Na ya okwu na Council nke League of Nations Haile Selassie, ruturu nke ahụ wee na-niile dị mkpa akwụkwọ, katọrọ ojiji nke chemical ngwá agha site Italy. Na 1940, na-enye nkwado maka UK, ọ laghachiri Ethiopia.

Ojuju na Ethiopia

Ebe ọ bụ na 1941, ndị na-alọtanụ eze ukwu mere agha maka ntọhapụ nke Ethiopia na na 1943 gburu ikpeazụ nsogbu nke Italian agha na ha na-akwado Etiopia ebo. Otú ọ dị, aha nke Haile Selassie e ghara ikwe na, na ike nke ya ile. Ná mgbalị iji dozie ọnọdụ ahụ ma Nweta nkwado nke bụghị naanị oké ozu, ma na ndị mmadụ nke Emperor ẹkenịmde a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbanwe, nke kagburu ohu, nwee Ethiopia-ahọpụta ndị nnọchiteanya nke ala n'ụlọ nzuko omeiwu, na kwuru na nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na nzukọ.

Otú ọ dị, Haile Selassie abụghị m njikere inye elu zuru ike, ya mere, ike a na-emenye ụjọ repressive ngwa, nke na-adịghị ekwe ka na-enwe ikike ntoala na nchebe nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ohere.

Ọ bụ ihe ijuanya na n'etiti ndị mmadụ, nakwa dị ka afọ ojuju na-eto n'etiti oké ozu. Ruo ogologo oge ụnwụ Wollo anāchi achi, nke gburu ọtụtụ puku nke ndị Etiopia, na-anọghị nke ịrịba mgbanwe Executive alaka na-aga n'ihu ọchịchị aka ike nke eze ukwu mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na n'afọ 1960, e nwere a kuu d'etat, bụ nke e jikọrọ site Crown Prince Asfa Uosen. Haile Selassie m jisiri ebelata nnupụisi, ma enweghị afọ ojuju na ọchịchị ya adịghị kwụsịrị obụpde.

The mgbanwe ke Ethiopia

N'elu ọzọ afọ 13 nke discontent Etiopia niile na-eto ruo mgbe ke 1974 ka a n'ihi nke eleghara àgwà ndị ndị mmadụ na-ọdachi mere na mba. Agụụ inweta ọkụ gburu ihe karịrị mmadụ 200 puku ndị mmadụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ fọrọ ntakịrị nke lanarị. Military si gafee mba choro na-abawanye na ha ọdịnaya, ha na-akwado site na-arụ ọrụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a n'usoro iwu ochichi obodo nzukọ Haile Selassie kọrọ m, nke kpọmkwem ike ya na ngwa nke ọchịchị a kwaturu. Na ebe nke ọchịchị bịara agha, mbụ mkpebi nke nke bụ na njide nke dum ezinụlọ eze.

Na August 1975, ndị agha ọchịchị mara ọkwa na mberede ọrịa nke mbụ eze ukwu. Ọ nwụrụ na August 27 na afọ 83 ruo afọ n'ihi na amaghị ihe. The nchoputa emeghị ihe, na ahụ na-adịghị nyere maka ihe otopsii. Ọtụtụ-enyo enyo na mbụ Emperor Haile Selassie m nyagburu nsogbu ndú Mengistu Haile Mariam.