Gịnị bụ na ụgbọ ala: a esereese na nkọwa

E nwere ọkwọ ụgbọala onye ụgbọala ụgbọala nke ha, ma ọ maghị ihe dị na ụgbọ ala. Ma eleghị anya, ọ dịghị mkpa ịmata niile intricacies nke mgbagwoju ọrụ nke usoro, ma isi ihe ka dị mkpa ka a mara na onye ọ bụla. Mgbe niile, nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ndụ nke ma ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na ndị ọzọ. Na ya isi, a mfe ụdị nke igwe mejupụtara atọ akụkụ:

• engine;
• Chassis;
• Isi.

N'isiokwu a anyị na-atụle na ihe nkowa ihe akụkụ bụ ụgbọ ala na otú ha si emetụta ọrụ nke ụgbọala dị ka a dum.

Ihe ọ bụ n'ime ụgbọ ala: atụmatụ

ụgbọala ngwaọrụ bụ dị ka ndị.

Ọtụtụ mgbe ígwè ọrụ na-arụnyere esịtidem combustion engines. Ebe ọ bụ na ha abụghị ndị zuru okè, ha na na-na-mepụtara site na mepụtara nke ọhụrụ engines. Ka ihe atụ, na nso nso nyere ụgbọala na electric Motors, nke bụ iji na-ana na-emebu outlets. Kasị ama bụ electric ụgbọ ala "naa". Otú ọ dị, a ukwuu njupụta nke igwe ndị a, n'ezie, ruo mgbe kwa n'oge na-ekwu.

The Chassis, n'aka, mejupụtara:

• nnyefe ma ọ bụ ike nnyefe;
• Chassis;
• The ụgbọala akara usoro.

The ahụ e mere na-ịnabata njem ụgbọ ala na ala ije. The isi ụdị nke ahụ ka ụbọchị ndị ahụ bụ:

• Sedan;
• hatchback;
• kọnvatịbụl;
• n'ụgbọala;
• limousine;
• na ndị ọzọ.

Ice: Ụdị

Ọ bụla onye na-aghọta na odida na moto pụrụ ịghọ ize ndụ ụmụ mmadụ ahụ ike, na ndụ. Ọ bụ ya mere oké mkpa iji mara ihe bụ na ndị ụgbọala.

Na a translation si Latin pụtara engine "na-akwọ ụgbọala." The igwe bụ a ngwaọrụ n'okpuru ya, nke e mere iji tọghata otu ụdị nke ume n'ibu.

Esịtidem combustion engines-abịa dị iche iche:

• mmanụ ụgbọala;
• dizel;
• gas.

Kasị iji petrol na dizel variants.

Ke akpa idaha, dị ka aha na-egosi, na mmanụ ụgbọala bụ mmanụ ụgbọala. Mgbe agafe a pụrụ iche usoro, ọ abatakwa oriri manifold ma ọ bụ carburetor. Mgbe ahụ, e atomized ngwakọta gụnyere ahụ ama ikuku abatakwa cylinders, na pistons abịakọrọ na amụnyewo site a icheku ọkụ si ebua plọg.

Mmanụ ụgbọ ala engines bụ mmanụ ụgbọala na injector ụdị. The mbụ na-fọrọ nke nta adịghị mee ihe. The ọgwụ usoro engines bụ, n'aka, n'ibu (nke na-eji n'ibu levers ka a dispenser-enwe ike ịgbanwe nke pụrụ ịkpata ngwakọta) na electronic (ebe nkwadebe na fuel injection a rụrụ kpamkpam na kọmputa - otu kọmputa akara unit). Ebe ọ bụ na injector na-arụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ anya, ya combustion ngwaahịa obere emerụ tụnyere petrol.

Maka dizel engines iji a pụrụ iche mmanụ dizel. Nke a moto nwere dịghị mgbanye usoro mgbe mmanụ ụgbọala mix abatakwa cylinder, ọ ahuwo Nnam onwe ya n'ihi na elu okpomọkụ na mgbali egosi natara ruru pistin.

Gas engines iji gasị, abịakọrọ gas generator. Nke a na mmanụ ụgbọala na-echekwara na cylinders ebe eleghara reducer site evaporator ma si otú na-efunari nsogbu. Ọzọkwa usoro yiri ihe injection moto. , Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị evaporator-adịghị emetụta.

moto ọrụ

, Site na nke ọ ka mma ịghọta arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ, ọ dị mkpa iji mee ka ndị na-nkọwa nke ndị ụgbọala.

The ụlọ bụ a cylinder ngọngọ. Inside ya na e nwere ọwa, cools na lubricates na moto.

The pistin - bụ onye ọzọ karịa oghere dara iko, n'elu nke na-uzo yiri mgbaaka.

The pistin yiri mgbaaka na-emi odude na ala, valvụ, na na na top - mkpakọ. Nke ikpeazụ na-enye ezi mkpakọ na mkpakọ nke ikuku-manu ngwakọta. Ha na-eji dị ka iji nweta ihe tightness nke combustion ulo, nakwa dị ka akàrà iji gbochie ingress na mmanụ.

Crank usoro bụ maka na reciprocating ike pistons na crankshaft.

Ya mere, ebe ọ maara ihe dị na ụgbọ ala, akpan akpan, ya engine, ga-aghọta ụkpụrụ ọrụ. The mmanụ ụgbọala mbụ abatakwa combustion ulo ebe a gwakọtara ya na ikuku, ihe ji plọg (na petrol na gas embodiments) na-enye a icheku ọkụ, amụnye ngwakọta, ma ọ bụ ngwakọta na ya na-amụnyewo (dizel n'onwe) n'okpuru edinam nke nsogbu na okpomọkụ. Kpụrụ, haruru ịmanye pistin ịkwaga ala site agafe crankshaft ngagharị, n'ihi nke ọ na-amalite bugharia nnyefe, nke ije-ebute site ná n'ihu wiil, n'azụ axle ma ọ bụ ma otu mgbe, dabere na drive. A obere ka e mesịrị aka na nke nke bụ a ụgbọala wheel. Ma mbụ ihe mbụ.

nnyefe

Anyị ahụwo ihe bụ na ụgbọ ala, na anyị maara na na Chassis agụnye Powertrain, Chassis na akara usoro.

Nnyefe ọcha bụ ndị na-esonụ:

• nnyefe;
• ipigide;
• isi na driveline;
• esi;
• driveshafts.

Job nnyefe akụkụ

The ipigide-eje ozi iji uncouple nnyefe (gearbox) nke moto, wee were were ejikọta ha mgbe shifting na-akpụ akpụ anya.

CP agbanwe torque-ebute site ná si crankshaft na propela. CP unit disconnects na njikọ na moto drive akara dị ka ọ dị mkpa ka na-akwọ ụgbọala na agbara.

Isi ọrụ nke driveline bụ na-ekesa torque si gearbox isi gia si dị iche iche akụkụ.

Isi ọrụ nke isi nyefee bụ nyefe nke torque na n'akuku nke iri itoolu degrees si propela aro site esi na mbanye akụ nke isi wiil.

Esi na-agbagharị mbanye wheel n'ọtụtụ dịgasị iche iche n'oge cornering na mkpumkpu chakoo.

Chassis

Chassis ụgbọala mejupụtara a etiti, n'ihu ma n'azụ axles, ejikọta eku site nkwusioru. Na kasị oge a ụgbọala bụ monocoque eku. Ihe nke ihe kasị nkwusioru nke ụgbọ ala, ndị na-esonụ:

• iyi;
• cylinder spring;
• ujo absorbers;
• pneumatic cylinders.

oha ndokwa

Ndị a na ngwaọrụ iso nke a n'iru usoro, nke a na-ejikọta ya na n'ihu wheel n'iru gia na brek. Kacha n'oge a ụgbọala na-eji na-osisi kọmputa, ha na-achịkwa management, mgbe ụfọdụ, na ọbụna nke na-ịme mgbanwe ndị dị mkpa.

Anyị mara ebe a na otú ahụ dị mkpa òkè dị ka na site na nke ụgbọala mejupụtara a wheel. Enweghị ya, ụgbọ ala agaghị-ebe. Nke a bụ n'ezie otu n'ime ndị kasị ukwuu mepụtara ebe a mejupụtara abụọ mmiri: taya nke roba, nke bụ tube na tubeless, na diski nke metal.

ahụ

Na ọtụtụ ugbo ala taa, ahụ bụ a ụgbọelu nke bụ onye mkpụrụ ndụ ejikọrọ na ịgbado ọkụ. Isi taa bụ nnọọ iche iche. Elekarị mechiri emechi ụdị, na-enwe otu, abụọ, atọ na mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna na ahịrị anọ nke oche. Wee hapụ a akụkụ ma ọ bụ ọbụna ụlọ. Ọ si otú a bụ ike ma ọ bụ nro.

Ọ bụrụ na ụlọ a na-ewepụ n'etiti, ọ bụ a aru targa.

Ofụri Esịt mbughari juu n'elu amama n'ime a kọnvatịbụl.

Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ nro na ike, ọ bụ a kọnvatịbụl hardtop.

On ụgbọala, yiri Sedan, e nwere ụfọdụ ndọtị nke ibu ogige, nke bụ ihe e ji mara.

A van ga-ama si n'ụgbọala mgbe n'azụ ọnụ ụzọ na windo rụziri.

Mgbe ibu ikpo okwu n'azụ tagzi ahụ a na-akpọ nnara.

Coupe - a ụzọ abụọ Coupe.

The otu, ma na a adụ-top roadster akpọ.

Utility kuzovs tailgate n'azụ akpọ combi.

Limousine - mechiri emechi ụdị na a isiike nnukwu isi n'azụ n'ihu oche.

Si n'isiokwu anyị chọpụtara ihe bụ n'ime ụgbọ ala. Mkpa na-eju afọ ọrụ nke niile mmiri, ọ na-mma ghọtara na obi, mgbe e mkpa ọmụma.