Ị maara na ikuku - gas ngwakọta? Air Gas mejupụtara

Air - ihe dị oké mkpa ọnọdụ nke ndụ nke buru ibu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntule na mbara ala.

Enweghị ihe oriri a na mmadụ pụrụ ibi otu ọnwa. Enweghị mmiri - ụbọchị atọ. Enweghị ikuku - dị nnọọ a nkeji ole na ole.

History of research

Ọ bụghị onye ọ bụla maara na isi akụrụngwa nke ndụ anyị - bụ nnọọ inhomogeneous ihe onwunwe. Air - a ngwakọta nke ikuku ndi. Gịnị ka ọ bụ?

N'ihi na a ogologo oge e chere na ikuku bụ otu umi, ma ọ bụghị a ngwakọta nke ikuku ndi. The amụma nke heterogeneity pụtara na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ọrụ nke ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na dị iche iche ugboro. Ma n'ihu n'ọnụ ntule dịghị onye kpaliri. Naanị na iri na asatọ na narị afọ Scottish mmiri ọgwụ Dzhozef Blek experimentally gosiri na gas mejupụtara nke ikuku bụghị edo. The chọpụtara mere na N'ezie nke ọzọ nwere.

Modern ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị egosiwo na ikuku - gas ngwakọta na-ugbua ka enwere iri isi ọcha.

The mejupụtara dịgasị dabere n'elu ịta ebe. Ịchọpụta na mejupụtara nke ikuku na-ewe ebe nọgidere. On a na-adabere ahụ ike nke ndị mmadụ. Air - a ngwakọta nke ọ bụla gas?

Na elu elevations (karịsịa na ugwu) ala oxygen ọdịnaya. Nke a ịta na-akpọ "dilution ikuku". Na n'ọhịa, na Kama nke ahụ, ndị oxygen ọdịnaya nke kacha. Na mepere ebe ụba carbon dioxide ọdịnaya. Ekpebi ihe ndị mejupụtara nke ikuku - otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa ọrụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi ọrụ.

Olee ebe m pụrụ iji ikuku

• The abịakọrọ ikuku uka na-eji na pumping nrụgide. Ruo iri mmanya arụnyere na bụla taya kwesịrị ekwesị ojii. Air inflated taya.
• Ọrụ iji hama, pneumatic egbe maka ngwa mwepụ / arịọnụ mkpụrụ na bolts. N'ihi na ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwá e ji ala arọ na elu arụmọrụ.
• Na ụlọ ọrụ na-eji varnishes, abịakọrọ ikuku na-etinyere ka mee ngwangwa ihicha usoro.
• Car washes abịakọrọ ikuku uka enyere na ngwa ngwa ihicha ụgbọala;
• Imepụta osisi na-eji abịakọrọ ikuku maka ihicha ngwaọrụ site na ụdị nile nke mmetọ. Na na woodworking ụlọ ọrụ otú ahụ nwere ike kpochara si sawdust na shavings dum hangars.
• Petrochemical ụlọ ọrụ agaghịkwa yiri ka ọ dịghị ngwá maka flushing ọkpọkọ n'ihu mbụ mmalite.
• Na mmepụta nke oxides na asịd.
• Dịkwuo usoro okpomọkụ;
• Amịpụtara si ikuku , inert, haruru ;

Gịnị mere m mkpa ikuku ka ndụ

The isi ọrụ nke ikuku, ma ọ bụ kama, nke otu n'ime isi mmiri - oxygen - na banye n'ime n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ, si otú na-akwalite ọxịdashọn usoro. Site na nke a ahụ na-enweta dị ike ndụ.

Air abatakwa ahu site na akpa ume, na mgbe ahụ na-ekesa site na aru site ọbara usoro.

Air - ọ bụla gas ngwakọta?. Ka anyị tụlee ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu.

nitrogen

Air - gas ngwakọta, nke mbụ nke nke bụ nitrogen. Seventh Dmitry Mendeleev oge mmewere usoro. Weere a ọsụ ụzọ Scottish mmiri ọgwụ Daniel Rutherford na 1772

Esịne ke edozi na nucleic asịd nke ahụ mmadụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ya hà, na mkpụrụ ndụ bụ ntakịrị - ọ dịghị ihe karịrị atọ percent, na gas dị oké mkpa maka kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ.

Dị ka akụkụ nke ya ikuku content - karịrị iri asaa na asatọ percent.

N'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ ya bụ colorless na odorless. Ọ na-adịghị abanye ogige ndị ọzọ chemical ọcha.

Ihe kasị ibu nke nitrogen na-eji na chemical ụlọ ọrụ, karịsịa ke imewe nke nri.

Nitrogen na-eji na ọgwụ na ahụ ike ụlọ ọrụ na imewe nke e ji esiji ákwà, na-agbawa agbawa.

Na cosmetology eji gas n'imeso otutu, scars, waatị, ndị thermoregulatory usoro nke ahu.

Na ojiji nke synthesized amonia nitrogen, na-emepụta nitric acid.

Mgbe gas mmepụta na ọnọdụ mmanụ nke nitrogen na-nọgidere na-enwe n'etiti n'ígwé. Na-egwu ala ọhụrụ olulu gas na-enye ohere ọmụmụ gush.

Na Ngwuputa ụlọ ọrụ, nitrogen na-eji na emenyụ ọkụ ike. Na nkà mmụta banyere ígwè na Coke-chemical ụlọ ọrụ - iji ike ihe ma melite tsementizatsii.

Na ngwá electronic ụlọ ọrụ - maka ọxịdashọn nke Semiconductors na sekit na sekit.

Eji na kpochapu na ule pipelines.

Liquid nitrogen na-eji dị ka a refrigerant. Nke a gas pumped ugbo elu ọdịda gia na wiil nke ot ụgbọala. Kwa afọ nitrogen mmepụta karịa iri asaa nde tọn.

Gas na ọtụtụ-eji n'ihi na ha pụrụ iche Njirimara na ikwu cheapness.

Nitrogen karama - nwa na-acha odo odo markings.

oxygen

Air - gas ngwakọta, nke abụọ nke bụ a pasent nke oxygen. Asatọ mmewere oge table. The gas bụ colorless na odorless. Oghere otoro British ọkà mmụta sayensị Joseph Priestley na 1774.

Dị ka akụkụ-ewe iri abụọ na otu percent nke ikuku. Ọ bụ ugbu a na mkpụrụ ndụ nke ndị zuru kasị mma nke niile dị ndụ, osisi na microorganisms.

The isi iyi nke si malite bụ ikuku nke ụwa anyị.

Metallurgical Company ọcha oxygen na-eji maka na mwepụ nke ajoo ulo oru ngo adịghị n'oge nēfe nke ígwè, na dịkwuo combustion okpomọkụ.

Gas na-eji maka metal ịgbado ọkụ na gas ọnwụ. Oxygen cylinders - acha anụnụ anụnụ.

Na ụgbọelu ụlọ ọrụ - ka oxidizer maka propellant.

Na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na - na ná Nkụnwụ Ahụ, mgbochi ụkwara ume ọkụ na hypoxia, ọrịa nke na-eku ume, decompression ọrịa.

Na chemical ụlọ ọrụ, oxygen na-eji maka ọxịdashọn nke hydrocarbons na alcohols, asịd, aldehydes, nitric acid mmepụta.

Fishery - oxygenation ponds.

Ma nke kasị uru nke gas nwere ndụ. Mgbe oxygen enyemaka ahụ nwere ike na-ewekarị (oxidize) ndị dị mkpa na-edozi, abụba na carbohydrates, mbịne ha ike.

argon

The gas, a akụkụ nke ikuku bụ atọ na mkpa - argon. Content adịghị gafere otu percent. Ọ bụ ihe na inert gas enweghị agba, uto na isi. Iri na asatọ mmewere nke oge usoro.

The mbụ e kwuru okwu banyere ekewet English mmiri ọgwụ Henry Cavendish na 1785. Ma Jehova Lerey na Uilyam Ramzay natara Nobel Nrite maka ihe àmà nke ịdị adị nke gas na ahụmahụ ha.

Ngwa argon:

• incandescent oriọna;
• ejuputa na mbara n'etiti panes na plastic igbe;
• Ọkara na-echebe ịgbado ọkụ;
• emenyụ gị n'ụlọnga;
• maka ikuku ọcha;
• chemical njikọ.

Ahụ mmadụ adịghị eweta ọtụtụ ihe ọma. Na elu gas kasịnụ iduga ekochi ekochi.

Cylinders na argon isi awọ ma ọ bụ nwa.

Ndị fọdụrụ asaa ọcha ka elu 0.03% na ikuku.

carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide n'ime ikuku mejupụtara bụ colorless na odorless.

Ọ na-hiwere site ire ere ma ọ bụ na-ere organic ihe wepụtara n'oge respiration na ụgbọala na ndị ọzọ ụgbọala.

Ahụ mmadụ na-kpụrụ na anụ ahụ ruru mkpa Filiks na kpọfere venous usoro ngụgụ.

Nwere a mma bara uru, ebe ọ bụ na na ibu kọwakwuru capillaries na-enye ohere ukwuu ụgbọ njem bekee. A mmetụta dị mma na myocardium. Enwekwu ndị ugboro na ibu ike. Ọ na-eji n'oge hypoxia mgbazi. Ọ atụ ke ụkpụrụ nke respiration.

Na ụlọ ọrụ, na-carbon dioxide na-emepụta si combustion, haruru ka a site gas ma ọ bụ chemical Filiks maka ikuku nkewa.

The ngwa bụ sara mbara nke ukwuu:

• a ihe eji egbochi mmebi na nri ụlọ ọrụ;
• onunu carbonation;
• ọku emenyụ ọkụ na ọkụ emenyụ usoro;
• njikọta spam nke aquatic osisi;
• Ọkara na-echebe ịgbado ọkụ;
• cartridges maka ojiji na gas ngwá agha;
• refrigerant.

Neon

Air - gas ngwakọta, nke ise nke bụ Neon. Ọ e meghere ihe mgbe e mesịrị - na 1898. The aha sụgharịta si Greek dị ka "ọhụrụ".

Monatomic gas nke bụ colorless na odorless.

Ọ nwere elu eletriki conductivity. Ọ nwere a zuru ezu electronic shei. Inert.

Gas nwetara site nkewa nke ikuku.

ngwa:

• Inerted na ụlọ ọrụ;
• The refrigerant na cryogenic osisi;
• Dịanyā orùrù oriọna. Ọ na ọtụtụ-eji ekele mgbasa ozi. Kasị acha signage mere site Neon. Site na-agafe ihe electric orùrù oriọna-enye a doro anya na agba oku.
• Signal ọkụ na ụlọ nduzi ụgbọ mmiri na airfields. Anyị na-arụ ọrụ ọma na arọ foogu.
• Mmewere ikuku ngwakọta maka ndị mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ na elu nsogbu.

helium

Helium - monatomic gas bụ colorless na odorless.

ngwa:

• Dị ka Neon, mgbe otu electric orùrù enye ìhè.
• Na ụlọ ọrụ na - wepụ adịghị si n'oké ígwè;
• Refrigerant.
• Ejuputa na airships na balloons;
• Ikpe na mixtures maka iku ume n'oge miri-aga.
• Okpomọkụ nyefe usoro na nuclear ngwa agha.
• Home Ụmụaka ụtọ - efe efe balloons.

uru pụrụ iche bụ maka ndu eme ntule. Na elu kasịnụ nwere ike ime ka nsí.

methane

Air - gas ngwakọta, nke asaa nke bụ methane. The gas bụ colorless na odorless. Na elu kasịnụ bụ na-agbawa agbawa. Ya mere, n'ihi na na-egosi na ọ na-kwukwara odorants.

Ọtụtụ mgbe na-eji dị ka a mmanụ a na akụrụngwa na organic njikọ.

Ezinaụlọ Ighe, boilers, gas mmiri heaters rụọ ọrụ karịsịa methane.

Product microorganisms.

krypton

Krypton - monatomic inert gas bụ colorless na odorless.

ngwa:

• ke imewe nke lasers;
• oxidizer propellant;
• ejuputa incandescent oriọna.

The mmetụta ahụ mmadụ na-amụ obere. Ekpep ngwa mgbe oké osimiri mmiri.

hydrogen

Hydrogen - colorless, flammable gas.

ngwa:

• Chemistry - mmepụta nke amonia, ncha, plastik.
• Ejuputa * Tụkwasị shells na Meteorology.
• Propellants.
• Jụrụ electric ike generators.

xenon

Xenon - monohydric colorless gas.

ngwa:

• jupụta incandescent oriọna;
• engines na ugboelu;
• dị ka ná Nkụnwụ.

N'ihi na ahụ mmadụ adịghị njọ. Uru pụrụ iche ọ bụghị.