International technology nyefe

Technology nyefe - otu n'ime ndị isi na ihe nke usoro nke na-eji nkà mmụta sayensị na nwere nke mba. N'ụzọ dị mwute, na-adịbeghị anya, ya bụ ndị mba ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-achọta ọhụrụ iche nke mmepe nke àgwà ọhụrụ ngwaahịa. Ụzọ na iche-iche kọwara n'isiokwu a nke ihe-nketa nke mba uwa, ma na-abụghị nanị maka ke Russia.

Innovation, ọhụrụ, mepụtara: ihe bụ ihe dị iche?

Ke akpa itie anyị ekweta na ọhụrụ na ọhụrụ - na otu na otu. Kasị na isi mmalite kwuru ihe gosiri na ọhụrụ bụ akin na ọhụrụ na ya synonym. Na nke a, ma nke ha na-akwanyere ùgwù site ọnụnọ nke ọzọ uru na ngwaahịa, ọrụ, technology ... mgbe kọwaa ọhụrụ dị ka ọhụrụ, ya bụ, mepụtara ma ọ bụ mma, etinyere na na omume na a ụfọdụ mmetụta.

N'ihi ya, mepụtara bụ ime ka ọ na-ọhụrụ, ọ dị mkpa iji mejuputa, emetụta ụfọdụ ndi nke aku na uba. Nke a usoro a na-akpọ ma ọ bụ nyefe commercialization.

Gịnị bụ ọdịdị zuru oke nke technology nyefe?

Ihe kachasi mkpa "technology nyefe" echiche bụ na nyefe nke nnyocha na-arụpụta (mepụtara) maka ụfọdụ ojiji. Ọ bụrụ na Otú ọ dị, na-agụnye iji aku uru onye nwe ọhụrụ ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ọrụ, na-etinye ya n'ọrụ, ndị dị otú ahụ a usoro a na-akpọ commercialization. Isiokwu a amụọ naanị na azụmahịa ọhụrụ, otú ahụ ka echiche nke nyefe na commercialization na a na-ekwu otu ihe.

Capitalization iche nke ọhụrụ nwere ike ịbụ a nkwekọrịta ịzụta patent, ihe e kere eke nke ọhụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ na-amalite-acha ọkụ, na-eji a dịgasị iche iche nke emmepe nke nyefe nke teknụzụ (ọhụrụ emmepe).

General ụkpụrụ nke commercialization nke sayensị

Commercialization nke ọhụrụ mejupụtara na-enye ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ Njirimara nke nkà na ụzụ ga-eji ya / ya na-eme na a azụmahịa mmetụta.

N'ihi na ọtụtụ afọ ná mba anyị mepụtara a sayensị - dị iche iche ntụziaka, na dị iche iche management, na-arụ dị iche iche na-emeri na ebumnobi - ma mgbe niile anya na ngwa dị iche iche ndi nke aku na uba nke oru ọkà mmụta na-arụpụta. Nyefee (commercialization) technology na-agụnye ọtụtụ nkebi:

1. Identification nke mkpa ebe nke ọhụrụ ngwaahịa.
2. Market Assessment of mkpa ebe maka nwere mmejuputa.
3. Ngụkọta oge nke aku na uba na arụmọrụ nke iwebata.
4. The ọmụmụ nke omume-ezighị ezi pụta nke commercialization nke innovations.

Tụlee ndị kasị ewu ewu ụdị nke technology nyefe.

patenting

Patent - a akwụkwọ na certifies na-ekewaghị ekewa ikike jụrụ, na-akwanyere ùgwù nke ọ na-agbala. Na nke a, ndị mepụtara ya ga-izute atọ isi chọrọ:

• Ọhụrụ (dịghị ụtụ isi).
• Nka (bụghị doro anya na-achọ nnyocha ike).
• Uru (ike-eji na ihe ọ bụla oru nke aku na uba).

Special nka enyocha ihe maka ndaba na ndị a chọrọ ma na, na ikpe nke a mma pụta, inye a akwụkwọ ocho oru.

Franchising

Franchising - otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu na usoro nke dissemination nke nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ na ụwa nke oge a. Ọ e ji ichebe nke ụlọ ọrụ, ịzụ a aha, ika na mkpokọta azụmahịa nlereanya. Ndị isi uru nke usoro a dabeere n'eziokwu na enwetara a njikere mere azụmahịa na ezi management omume, ahụmahụ, ngwaahịa ahịa na image.

O sina dị, onye na-azụ na-anọgide dabere na aha onye nwe ya. Ka ihe atụ, suppliers nwere kọwaa onye nwe technology ka onye ọrụ, ọhụrụ ahịa na-emekarị-emechi na nke ikpeazụ, usoro iwu chọrọ na esịtidem akwụkwọ na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe.

nkwonkwo ịmalite

Innovation na technology nyefe nwekwara ike ime ka akụkụ nke a nkwonkwo ịmalite. Dị otú ahụ nzukọ a dabeere na nkwekọrịta n'etiti abụọ n'akụkụ nke nkwonkwo azụmahịa. Ize ndụ ma na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ndị niile sonyere na-ekewa n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nke na-eme arụmọrụ nke mgbasa nke ọhụrụ.

Otú ọ dị, ndị dị iche iche metụtara ihe niile bara uru nwere ike inhibit doo nke a putara ighe mkpa na ngwa ngwa (arụmọrụ) ngwọta. Nkesa nke uru bụ na-na dị otú ahụ ọrụ ahụ siri ike n'ihi ná mgbanwe nke degrees nke ego na management òkè na azụmahịa.

The nkwonkwo ịmalite maka mmejuputa iwu innovations na omume na-agụnyekarị mba ọzọ akụ, nke na-abụkarị maka otutu ojiji nke technology, ọhụrụ na-eru nso ka management. The anụ ụlọ nke founders, ọtụtụ mgbe, bụ maka ahịa na mba ahịa, ndị e ji mara ọnọdụ analysis, obodo na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihe ize ndụ. Ke idaha emi, nkesa uru bụ karịsịa ike usoro.

Direct nnweta nke technology

Na mfe ọtụtụ usoro nke iwebata innovations ahụ n'ọrụ bụ ịzụta a ngwaahịa (technology). Nke a na usoro dị iche n'ebe aha a enweghị nkwa na kpọmkwem direction nke eji zụrụ technology, na ojiji nke a akpan akpan obibia nke management nke ika, ika. Otú ọ dị, onye na-azụ anaghị enweta ihe ọ bụla na nkà ọrụ na a ọhụrụ ngwaahịa / technology, na usoro nke na mmejuputa na-abịa na a ọtụtụ njehie na igbu oge.

mba ọzọ ego

Ọrụ nke ndị mba ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-gara mba na emepe emepe na search of ọhụrụ ahịa na ọnụ ala oru. Na mba ahụ bụ na nke a ọnọdụ, na-niile na-erite uru nke owning a ọhụrụ technology na ohere a ọhụrụ gburugburu nke mmepe nke ya research eme. The obodo-erite ọhụrụ, ọrụ, na-akwụ ụtụ isi na-ebe a. N'agbanyeghị nke a, ọ dị mkpa iji gaa na akaụntụ exemptions na uru ahụ ndị na-ala nke mba ọzọ otutu ụlọ ọrụ.

ọhụrụ management

technology nyefe nwere ike ime site na mmadụ ụfọdụ na-ejide ụfọdụ ọnọdụ ke n'elu oru nke ụlọ ọrụ. Nke a na-emekarị iku mba ọzọ uloru, "rafuru" ya site na-emepe emepe ọhụrụ ụlọ ọrụ. na technology patent ike belata efu arụmọrụ nke usoro a, ma o ya na-ewe ebe ezi mgbe.

"Buy" i nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị na management, ma nakwa dum ụlọ ọrụ. Nke a na-eduga ná mmụba n'ime ọhụrụ ahịa - ekele na otu na bụ enwe ike ịzụlite a ọhụrụ ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ọrụ. Otu n'ime ihe ndị dị ize ndụ nke usoro a-enwe ebu n'ire price (ruru ka ihe-onwunwe nke ihe nzuzo nke otutu ngwaahịa ndị ka n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọrụ ya).

commercialization nke mepụtara emmepe

Center maka Technology Nyefee - nzukọ nke na-elekwasị anya na-eke ego si eji ihe ndị nnyocha rụrụ n'ihu ọha research oru na onwe ụlọ ọrụ.

Dị otú ahụ emmepe na-emekarị kwuru na dị mmalite-apami - ọhụrụ obere otutu ụlọ ọrụ, gụrụ akwụkwọ na ojiji nke mepụtara na ndị ọzọ na innovations.

Isi ọrụ nke center:

1. Nka na ụzụ (ọkà mmụta sayensị) - nwale nke na nkà mmụta sayensị nwere, ọgwụgwụ nke mmekorita nkwekọrịta, nkwado maka agbatị na mmepe nke ọhụrụ.
2. Marketing nnyocha.
3. Legal enyemaka òtù innovate.
4. Project Management.
5. Administration;.
6. kadarmi management.

Nkebi nke na-eke a center nke technology commercialization

Ke akpa ogbo nke e kere eke nke center kpebisiri ike site atụmatụ nke nzukọ kpụrụ, ya ohere, ihe ize ndụ, ebumnobi bụ isi.

Nzọụkwụ mbụ na-agụnye ịmata a ole na ole isi akụkụ:

• The usoro ọrụ nke center (n'ihi na onye na nzukọ ọrụ, ihe nsogbu ya na-ezube na-edozi, otú).
• Ịrịba Ama gburugburu ebe obibi (nwere ahịa, mmekọ, ndị ahịa, ndị iro).
• Mpụga mgbochi (Ò akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọnọdụ na mba / mpaghara na oruru nke etiti nke ọrụ).
• The esịtidem nzukọ nke nwere (ego, ihe onwunwe, nchịkwa mmadụ).

The azịza ajụjụ ndị a na-etolite ihe ndabere maka technology nyefe center nke azụmahịa plan jupụta ya na isi ngalaba:

• Business plan.
• Marketing atụmatụ.
• commercialization plan.
• Atụmatụ maka Human Resources Development.
• Plan ọzụzụ.

The nzọụkwụ nke abụọ na-agụnye guzobe nke nzukọ Ọdịdị. Akpan akpan ntị ga-akwụ ụgwọ dị iche iche ọdịmma nke sonyere nke ọhụrụ usoro na ọnụnọ nke mpụga ihe. N'otu ogbo, ndị analysis nke ahịa, na definition nke founders, na klientele na iwu ụdị nke center (ya ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na aku usoro nke mpaghara).

Basic ọnọdụ maka guzobere technology nyefe emmepe

Technology Nyefee Center nwere ike guzobere ihe ọ bụla nzukọ na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, ma karịa ideologues dị otú ahụ ụlọ ọrụ bụ:

1. Research òtù (research institutes, mahadum) - ọrụ executors.

2. The ọchịchị (dị ka a na-achị, na mpaghara na obodo) - eme ka usoro nke commercialization nke teknụzụ na nwoke mpaghara.

3. Private ụlọ ọrụ - azụmahịa ọdịmma.

Market ekwu ọnụ ahịa nwere ike rụrụ na atọ ntụziaka:

1. Regional direction.
2. International larịị.
3. Isiokwu kasịnụ.

Technology nyefe - N'ezie, isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ọ bụla commercialization nke center, ma e nwere isi ihe abụọ na ebe nke ọrụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ na òtù:

1. Na-agba izu - oditi, patenting, azụmahịa atụmatụ, ahịa, ego management na otú pụta.
2. Creation na mmezi nke elu-tech ahịa - ịchọ ekwe teknụzụ, mmejuputa a pụrụ iche ngwaahịa.

Nyefee nke otutu teknụzụ nwere ike rụrụ na-enyemaka nke nzukọ ma ọ bụ na etiti nke ọ bụla iwu ụdị: a nkewa nke ẹdude nzukọ, Constrium, azụmahịa ma ọ bụ na-abụghị uru kwadoro, wdg ...

Ọganihu na nkà na ụzụ nyefe na Russia na mba ndị ọzọ

Isi ọnọdụ iji hụ commercialization bụ:

• Ịgbazigharị na mfe nnyocha oru nke aku na uba na-eme ka ọ na ihe na ike na-elekwasị anya na ọhụrụ mkpa.

N'oge, e nwere a mgbanwe na-enye technology nyefe Russia iji hụ GDP ibu na ọhụrụ nsogbu na ihe aga-eme dị iche iche na ngalaba nke aku na uba. Na nke a, nso na n'otu dị iche iche research institutes ike ọhụrụ ọhụrụ emmepe na kpọmkwem na ọrụ na n'ozuzu usoro nke ọhụrụ mmepe nke mba.

• Enye ọha research institutes na mahadum nke ọhụrụ iwu ọnọdụ.

Nke a bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa akụkụ nke usoro nke nyefe nke technology, nke bụ iji na ọbọ ebumnobi nke iwebata ọhụrụ tolite na omume. Iji mee nke a, na oge na Russia kere a na netwọk nke technology nyefe, ikwe na-arụkọ ọrụ na-ebu a qualitative nhazigharị nke oge a na ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ọzọ na ndi nke aku na uba.

• Mmejuputa iwu-nke irè nke research analysis na nwale usoro.

N'oge, e nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ dị irè atụle ọhụrụ, dabere na aku na uba na-eru nso na mgbakọ na mwepụ ịme ngosi uwe. Ọ bụ oké ike na-gaa na akaụntụ mpụga ihe na-emetụta ndị ụlọ ọrụ na nke ọ na-azọrọ na e mepụta mmejuputa.

• Kpalie mba na nkà mmụta sayensị na nkà na ụzụ imekọ ihe ọnụ.

Exchange nke ahụmahụ na-mgbe na-anabata na mmepe nke elu-tech ọrụ. Taa, e nwere ndị na-abụghị nke azụmahịa mmekọrịta, mkpakọrịta na ịlụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị si mba dị iche iche, nke ga-bụghị naanị mejuputa mba nyefe nke technology, ma n'ụzọ dị ukwuu ikpebi N'ezie nke mmepe nke ụwa sayensị.

• The abawanye na absorptive ikike maka ọhụrụ na obere na-ajụ-sized na ụlọ ọrụ.

Creation nke ọhụrụ na iwebata innovations na onwe oru bụ underdeveloped n'ihi na enweghị nke zuru ezu ozi banyere profitability nke ngwa nke ọhụrụ, nakwa dị ka n'ihi na enweghị nke ruru eru ize ọrụ.

Ná mmechi, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na mba technology ụzọ nyefee ikpokọta ama ẹdude iche nke azụmahịa mmepe, na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ kpọmkwem nke ọhụrụ.