Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich: a obere biography. The kpara Soviet fighter pilot

June asatọ anya na tutu iri na itoolu na narị na iri abụọ, obi na Obrazheevke - Hlukhiv obodo nta dị na district nke Chernigov ógbè - mara ọkwa na iti-nkpu nke a mụrụ ọhụrụ. Nwata nwoke aha ya Vanya (Ivan). Ọtụtụ iri afọ, na na steeti a na-akpọ Union of Soviet Socialist Republics agaghị achọta a onye na-anaghị mara ebe na mgbe a mụrụ pilot Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Brief biography nke sonyere nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya nwere ihe mere eme na itu n'anya na onye ọ bụla nwere mmasị na eme nke ikuku agha nke ọbara agha mba na naanị mere na XX narị afọ.

Nke elu-igwe, n'ụlọ

Na n'ihu, Ivan Kozhedub bụghị ebe ọ bụ na mmalite ụbọchị nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, na March 1943. Otú ọ dị, pilot jisiri-egosi ndị dị otú ahụ obi ike, obi ike, mma agha na aghọwo ugboro atọ dike nke Soviet Union. Ọbụna peacetime, mba inyocha ndị kpọkwara nke pilot n'usoro nke "Air Marshal" (1985).

Kozhedub IN Ọ lụrụ agha na onye iro dị ka akụkụ nke na-ejikọ agha. Ndị kasị dị irè WWII pilot bugara ịrụ ọgụ ọzọ 366 ugboro, merie 120 ikuku agha, tutu amama 62 Nazi ugbo elu.

Ọrụ kụrụ zaa nkà iji nwetụrụ emehie iro. Fall kpọmkwem n'ime ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọ bụla na ọnọdụ nke ugbo elu. Kozhedub igwe na nke a bụ à gụpụrụ: oké njọ mmebi, na ọ bụ mgbe niile "ke nku". Ọgụ enyi sịrị ya: "Na-igwe, n'ụlọ."

Ụbọchị abụọ ọmụmụ

Indomitable agwa Ivana Kozheduba, ikike ya chọta a ụzọ ọ bụla ọnọdụ na-tọrọ na nwata. N'ime ezinụlọ, ịzụlite ala, na-eto ụmụ ise. Nna (bụbu -elekọta ụlọ mkpọrọ) zụlitere ụmụ nditịm, ndinọ na sacrament ịrụ ọrụ n'oge.

Ugbua na 5-afọ Vanya m jere ije n'abalị nche ubi. The onyeisi ezinụlọ maara nke nchebe dị otú ahụ nke obere enyemaka, ma kwere na ule dị otú sikwuo agwa, na-amụta iji merie ihe isi ike. Mgbe e mesịrị, nwa na-enweghị aka nyochaa ìgwè ehi okenye ọzụzụ atụrụ (bụ underherdsman). Ọrụ ahụ na-anaghị atụ, chere: n'okporo ụzọ, ije ije.

Na 1934, 14-nwata nwoke dị afọ dechara ọzụzụ a ime obodo akwụkwọ. Afọ abụọ nke ihe ọmụma mụtara na rabfak (ọrụ ngalaba kwadebe ọrụ na nkịtị na-amụta n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị). Na 1936 ọ na-agafe n'ọnụ ụzọ ule na College of Chemical Technology (Shostka).

Ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama: iji nweta n'ime mahadum, na nwa afọ ụba a di na nwunye nke afọ. E nwere ihe àmà gosiri na Kozhedub IN a mụghị June 8, 1920, na July 6, 1922 Na 1939, ọdịnihu pilot malitere ya ọmụmụ Shostka efe efe club. Mụtara multipurpose biplane U-2.

frontline igwe

Complete ọzụzụ Kozhedub College enweghị ohere - na mmalite afọ ndị 1940, ọdịnihu chemical engineer bụ Red Army (ndị agha Ọrụ 'na Nkịtị Red Army). Fate zigaara ya a dị iche iche ụzọ na: na ọdịda nke iri anọ afọ Ivan Nikitivich natara "jikọrọ ọnụ" (ubre) Chuguev Military Aviation Pilot School (March 1941 School of akwọ). Ka ndị kasị mma na-amụrụ na-ekpe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị ka onye nkụzi pilot, na-akụziri beginners.

Ma na n'ihu, kwa, nọ ná mkpa nke ndị dị otú ahụ mkpa alụso ka Kozhedub Ivan Nikitovich. Brief biography na-ekwu na na 1943 e zigara ya na 302 nke Agha Division, na Voronezh Front. Otú malitere ọrụ ya dị ka a agha arụsị nke ọtụtụ ọgbọ nke bi USSR na Russian Federation.

Ke akpa ọgụ nke ya ugbo elu La-5 e mebiri - si German "Messer", ma n'otu oge - si Soviet-emegide ugbo elu Gunners, na-eduga na-agha. Otú ọ dị Kozhedub ike ala ahụ mebiri emebi ugbo elu. O yiri ka ya elu ọrụ dị n'elu, ka sonso amalitela. Ma etubom ndi agha na-akwado Freshman, nyere ya ohere igosi na ha na ụdi agha na onye-iro.

July, 1943

The mbụ Nazi ụgbọelu gbara ala Kozhedub ghọrọ Na-87 ( "Junkers"). Real were isii na July 1943 n'oge ndị kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na Kursk. On July 7 n'ihi Ivan e depụtara ọzọ "Junkers" na ụbọchị abụọ mgbe e mesịrị - 2 batman-109 fighter (Messerschmitt Bf.109, ma ọ bụ Me-109).

Military akụkọ ihe mere eme-dịpụrụ adịpụ na-akọwa n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ihe anọ ahụ isi ndị dike edinam na-eme ka Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Brief biography nke ya na ihe ndị a bụ dị ka ndị a. The mbụ ndị dike n'omume dere iri September 1943 Nke a n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ụbọchị, na-atụgharị na ugbo elu n'oge mmezi nke Soviet agha agafe Dnieper, Ivan fọdụrụ kpamkpam unprotected (na-enweghị ekpuchi ha onwe ha), ma ọ bụghị egwu.

Ahụkarị "Junkers", ọ Agbabara na multipurpose ugbo elu nke Luftwaffe, nyawaa n'ime onye iro unit. Maa jijiji site obi ike nke Soviet itu kaadi, ndị Nazi kwụsịrị bombu, wee chebe onwe. M na-agụta na na Ivan Kozhedub, a feat nke mere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. Iji eziokwu ahụ bụ otu nke Judia-87 kwalie si otu ibibi ya kpamkpam mmụọ daa mba iro.

October, 1943

Nke atọ October 1943 itoolu otu-engine fighter La-5 (gụnyere ugbo elu Kozhedub) kpuchie ohere nke a agha ọrụ na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Dnieper. The ụgbọelu hụrụ ígwé ojii kọlụm "laptozhnikov" (a aha otutu nyere Russian "Junkers-87").

Kwa 9 iro atụ bọmbụ kpuchie isii nke alụso "Me-109." O yiri ka ha jupụta niile nke elu-igwe. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị agha ha ahaghị, Ivan Nikitivich, jiri obi ike ya du ndị ise La-5. The iro anaghị atụ anya ka a miserly ego nke Soviet ugbo elu ga-enwe ike kpọrọ ebịne ha nkpoda armada, ma miscalculated.

A nkeji ole na ole mgbe ndị agha ahụ malitere, ala osụhọ abụọ abụọ "Junkers". Ọzọ ụgbọ elu nke mbụ itoolu ozugbo nyere a "reverse". A obere oge gasịrị gbaghachi azụ na 2nd itoolu Judia-87. Soviet ụgbọelu ike bụghị ike, na nkà unmatched omeka agu, selflessness.

Oke "pụọ" ụgbọ ala na-ejide elu na tụgharịa ya n'ime ihe ọ bụla Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich. Brief biography nke ya dere na ọ na-etinye "abụba ebe" na-alụso ndị Nazi amaba atụ bọmbụ.

February, 1945

The nke ọnwa abụọ nke oyi na 1945 ji agha na oder. Olee otú ịmata ihe dị iche na Vistula-oder ọrụ Kozhedub Ivan Nikitivich? Brief biography nke dike na e dere ihe ọmụma dị otú. Nọ na mbara igwe n'elu oder pilot otu n'ime ndị mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa kwatuwo Kacha ọhụrụ ugboelu "ME-262". Tupu ya iji merie ụgbọala Luftwaffe Kacha ọhụrụ imewe nwere ike ịbụ onye ọ bụla.

Ọ mere na dị ka nke a. February iri na itoolu Kozhedub na ibe ya Dmitry Titorenko, na ịdị elu nke atọ kilomita nke onye na-amaghị ugbo elu. Ọ ama na a na-agba ọbụna ọhụrụ "La 7" ịgba (na na njedebe nke 1944 Kozhedub ghọrọ osote onye. Ọchịagha nke 176 nke-eche ha nche. IAP, nke n'ọnọdụ dị oké ọnwa nke okpomọkụ, bụ a fighter, "La 7", ọtụtụ ígwè ọrụ nke ọhụrụ imewe ).

Kozhedub chọpụtara na German itu kaadi nọrọ jụụ, n'ihi na ụgbọala ya ijiji "ngwa ngwa karịa ìhè" na ohere n'okpuru nwere ike chịkwaghị. Soviet pilot zutere onye iro ụgbọala na izute, ya La-7 fighter gbara "German" ala n'aka nri "n'ime afọ".

Titarenko mgbe ahụ malitere na-agba kwa anya, ma ya agha na-amanye ndị iro iwezuga onwe-nwa oge "nkịtị" Kozhedub na kpebisiri ike na mmeri pụta. Mgbe dị anya na-ebelata ka kacha kwere omume, Ivan meghere ọkụ, smashing reactive "ọrụ ebube."

April 1945

N'ọnwa nke-abua nke spring emeri Ivana Kozheduba kpebiri "mmenyenjo" Mba Ndị Jikọrọ Aka - America. Eduhie pilot Kozhedub, gbachiteere American «B-17», otpugnuv ya abụọ German alụso. Ma fọrọ nke nta ozugbo ahụhụ a dị ike agha si anya. Ndị gbara - ọ bụ anya na okpomọkụ agha. Otú ọ dị, abụọ unidentified ugbo elu na-ezubere iche na mbibi nke Soviet agha!

Banked, Ivan Nikitivich, gara n'otu akụkụ na kụrụ aka ya. Ọzọ stunt (Kozhedub yiri ka ise n'elu nke elu-igwe), ogbugba - na dara n'ala a abụọ nwere nku striker. Dị ka ọ tụgharịa si, meriri ghọrọ US Air Force, "Mustangs." Òtù kọwara aghụghọ ha omume nke na-"njehie ka mere."

N'ezie, na-akwado nke na-agha megide Nazism kpebiri elele Kozhedub anwụ anwụ "ike." Ma mgbe ahụ ka tụkwasịrị Ivan Kozhedub lanarị feat ọbụna ihe ndị kasị na-atụghị anya ọnọdụ pụrụ iwere dị ka ihe ọzọ na nkwenye nke eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ bụ n'ezie a dike.

Afterword

Ya mere otú ọtụtụ ụgbọ elu gbara ala Kozhedub? Yana "Mustang" allies - 64. Kozhedub IN e ọdịda akwa ukpono nwa afọ ala: gụnyere Order of Lenin (4), Red Flag (7), Red Star (2), Alexander Nevsky, World War m larịị, wdg, nakwa dị ka ndị mba ọzọ iwu .. nwụrụ Anwụ IN Kozhedub asatọ August 1991. N'ebe ili ozu - Moscow, na Novodevichy na-eli ozu.