Na nsọpụrụ nke onye aha ya bụ Ọchịagha Islands? The njem nke Vitus Bering

Ọchịagha Islands bụ ihe akipelago, nke na-agụnye 4 nnukwu na 10 obere àgwàetiti. Ha na-emi odude ke edem usụk-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Bering Sea. Ọ na-emi odude ke North Pacific. Bering Sea na map a ga-chọrọ n'etiti anya ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Russia na US Alaska. Dị ka ndutịm nkewa, ihe akipelago emi odude ke Kamchatka region nke Russian Federation. Mmadụ ole na ole maara na, na nsọpụrụ nke onye na-aha ya bụ Ọchịagha Islands.

Ha na-anya nwere njikọ chiri anya Russian na Aleut omenala. The kasị bụ guzobere Bering Island, nke nwere elongated site n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda ụdị. Ọ nwere ebe 1.660 square kilomita. Nke anọ formations agwaetiti ndị mmadụ bi na ya. Ndị ọzọ na-anọgide n'enweghị onye bi na Ọchịagha Islands. Russia nwere otutu ebe na ala bi njupụta. N'àgwàetiti ndị a dị nnọọ si emeso ha.

N'ime obodo nke Nikolskoye on Bering Island bụ mkpokọta 700 bi na ya. Na-esi na Chile, ha mkpa iji merie a narị ole na ole kilomita. The ugbo elu ụgbọ elu bụ 3 awa, na ndị ọzọ ụzọ na-akpali nta anọghị. N'oge oyi, àgwàetiti kpuchie na snow ma na-afụ ifufe okwukwo. N'oge okpomọkụ okpomọkụ na-atọ obodo nanị mgbe ụfọdụ. Tumadi adịkwaghị mmiri weather, oké foogu, mgbe mgbe Mmiri na-ezo. Ji a nkọ mgbanwe ọnọdụ ihu igwe.

The mbụ njem nke Vitus Bering

Ọ niile malitere na Russian Tsar, onye "na-emeghe a window na Europe." Na chi ojiji nke ọchịchị ya , Peter m were ifịk akụkụ ihe e kere eke nke jikoro na-emeghe ọhụrụ n'ebe ugwu nakwa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ebe, nakwa dị ka kpuchie Maritime ụzọ gasị na US na Indian ala. Ná mmalite nke 1725, gwụrụ oké njọ nke ọrịa, na Russian Tsar ịzụlite ụkpụrụ nduzi maka preparatory ọrụ "Siberia njem", na ebumnuche nke nke bụ iru America site North Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke na-amụ ihe na Ndekọ ha na map na-ahụ.

Njem ndú ghọrọ Vitus Bering, oghere nke nke ga-egwu na-eme n'ọdịnihu. Ịpụ maka Dane dara, bụ isi n'ihi na nke ugboro ugboro mgbalị iru American mben. Otú ọ dị, o nweghị ike gabiga mkpagide, nke e mesịrị aha ya, dị ka a n'ihi nke nke ọ laghachiri na 1730 na St. Petersburg.

Nke abụọ njem nke Vitus Bering

Na isi obodo nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu Behring kọrọ na njem ya na Government Anny Ioannovny, nakwa dị ka nchọpụta ọhụrụ gosiri plan, na-arụ ụka na ọ dị mkpa nke na-amụ n'ebe ugwu ókèala na Siberia n'ókè-ala-, na-enwe ike ahia na North-West America na Japan.

The atụmatụ a na-akwado Danish akwọ ụgbọ mmiri, na-akpata ya, mmejuputa iwu e nyere ịrịba ego. Ọ bụ ya mere Russia e ofu niile Bering meghere. Special ịdị uchu na mmejuputa oru ngo mere Sineti, Admiralty na Academy nke Sciences. Na 1732, e nwere iwu nke Sineti na nkwadebe nke abụọ Kamchatka njem. Ọ bịara mara ya dị ka Great Northern njem. The iwu a mara ọkwa na njem bụ ihe kasị dị anya, na bukwanu ike, n'ihi na oge mbụ emejuputa atumatu.

Great Northern njem malitere na 1733 na biri na 1743. Mgbe ha nyochasịrị ihe ọ nwere ike ịhụ, na nsọpụrụ nke onye na-aha ya bụ Ọchịagha Islands. The njem ẹkewetde nke 7 iche iche, nke na-onwe ha onye ọ bụla ọzọ. 10 Ụgbọ mmiri n'otu ebe 580 ndị mmadụ. Ihe aga-eme nke ọ bụla unit gụnyere ule gaghị agara nso.

ìgwè ọrụ

First ije, nke e mere site lieutenants Stepan Muravev na Mikhail Pavlov, ekemende ha si Arkhangelsk. Ọ-a bu inyocha ala gbara osimiri okirikiri mpaghara n'etiti Pechora na Ob egbugbere ọnụ.

The abụọ unit, nke si na Tobolsk, nyere n'iwu site Lieutenant Dmitry Ovtsyn. Ọ dị ya mkpa inyocha n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Gulf nke Ob n'ebe ugwu njedebe nke Taimyr Peninsula ma ọ bụ ka Khatanga.

Lieutenant Vasily Pronchishchev mere nke-atọ detachment, onye ọrụ bụ na-enyocha n'ụsọ oké osimiri, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ọnụ ọnụ nke Lena. Ọnụ na Russian ojii na igwu mmiri wee nwunye ya Tatiana. Ọ ghọrọ nwaanyị mbụ abuana ke polar njem.

The isi nke anọ detachment ghọrọ Lieutenant Peter Lasinius, mgbe onye ọnwụ na-elekọta a họpụtara Dmitry Laptev. The ebumnobi nke otu a nke na-eme nnyocha gụnyere ọmụmụ nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri, nke na-erukwa si n'ọnụ Lena na oge a Bering Strait.

Na isi nke-ise unit bụ ozugbo na Bering. Ọ kpọkwara nwoke a na-eme n'ọdịnihu ga-azịza nke ajụjụ a: "Na-asọpụrụ nke onye aha ya bụ Ọchịagha Islands?". Nke ise squad bu n'obi inyocha Kamchatka na North-West America na ẹdude àgwàetiti ahụ North Pacific Ocean.

Nke isii detachment n'okpuru idu ndú nke Martin Shpanberg aghaghị ịchọpụta banyere Kuril Islands na Japanese n'ụsọ oké osimiri. The ebumnobi nke asaa squad, nke aha ya bụ Ọmụmụ, gụnyere ọmụmụ nke esịtidem ebe nke Siberia. Isi ya, a họpụtara Prọfesọ Gerhard Miller. The na-eme nnyocha 'ọrụ e nwere na a nzuzo mode.

Iru ìgwè nke mbụ

First ije nọrọ 4 afọ ịkwaga si Arkhangelsk ka ọnụ ọnụ nke Ob River. Ihe ịga nke ọma (jiri ya tụnyere ihe meghere Behring), na-eme nnyocha na-adịghị enweta - kọwawo pụtara obere osimiri ebe, Ugra obi ụtọ na Matveev Island, Long na Obodo. Nke a bụ nnọọ n'ihi na ntoputa nke scurvy, nke e ịsụ òtù nke njem fọrọ nke nta site n'ụbọchị ndị mbụ nke njem.

E nwere nsogbu na ịdọ aka ná ntị n'etiti ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri, iji nweta na-eme ntaramahụhụ siri ike nke a pịara. The ndu nke ìgwè nke mbụ e nwere nghọtahie, ma na oyi ndị obodo ahụ na nwetara na iyi egwu site ibu forwarders na ndabere nke nke ha wee malite ịnata mkpesa. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, e nwere a mgbanwe nke na-edu ndú, iwu na otu ghọrọ a onyeisi Stepan Malygin, onye mesịrị dechara ozi nke ìgwè nke mbụ.

Ọbọ ìgwè nke abụọ

The njem nke Vitus Bering na akụkụ nke abụọ nke unit bụ ike nweta oké ihe ịga nke ọma tụnyere ìgwè nke mbụ. N'oge ya ozi, na detachment Ovtsyna ojii mezue ọrụ, nke metụtara ọmụmụ nke n'ụsọ oké osimiri si n'ọnụ nke Ob na Yenisei. Mgbe o rutere na St. Petersburg otu onye ndú e demoted mgbe afọ atọ site na mmalite nke njem, na ndabere nke a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mkpebi. Ọ na-otoro na a ná mma Prince Dolgoruky, bụ onye na biri n'ala ọzọ.

Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ìgwè nke abụọ nke isi na-Fedor Minin na Dmitry Sterlegov. N'oge mbụ njem Minin ike gaa nanị ọnụ ọnụ nke Yenisei. Mgbe ahụ n'oge okpomọkụ nke afọ na-eso ọ kwagara n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ma mgbe na-agafe a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke obere àgwàetiti, chere ihu na ice, Minin kpebiri ịkwụsị ya. Sterlegov ala kpuchie anya n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọnụ ọnụ nke Yenisei River na Cape, nke e mechara aha mgbe ya. Kamchatka njem nke Vitus Bering nke abụọ nke squad a njedebe.

Otú ọ dị, n'etiti ọhụrụ ndú nke ìgwè nke abụọ e nwere ndị dị iche iche. Mgbe ha laghachiri si iledo malitere ikpe nke rụpụtara Minin e demoted na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri maka 2 afọ.

Rụzuru nke atọ unit

The atọ detachment n'ụgbọ ahụ "Yakutsk" si n'ọnụ Lena ẹkenịmde ya ụzọ, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Ozugbo ha ruru n'ọnụ Olenek, isi Pronchishchev otu e kpebiri ini etuep. Mgbe nke a squad iso njem a, n'imeri arọ ice. Iru n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke na-Taimyr Peninsula si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, na-eme nnyocha n'ihi enweghi ike ịnọgide na-ụzọ azụ n'ọnụ Olenek.

Mgbe Pronchishchev ọnwụ na 1736 ghọrọ isi nke detachment Chariton Laptev. Freight forwarders dechara n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Taimyr Peninsula site n'ala.

Rụzuru nke anọ unit

Fourth squad ahụhụ bukwanu mmadụ ọnwụ n'ihi scurvy, nke nwụrụ n'ihi nke isi-ya - Peter Lasinius, nakwa dị ka 35 òtù nke njem. The ọhụrụ ndú Dmitry Laptev, onye ọma enyoba n'ụsọ oké osimiri n'etiti Lena na Kolyma. N'okpuru iwu ya isi, nke anọ detachment mere mgbalị circumvent na Chukotka Peninsula na iru oké osimiri Kamchatka, ma o nweghị isi.

Rụzuru nke ise unit. The chọpụtara nke Ọchịagha Islands

The ise otu edu Bering na mail ụgbọ mmiri "St. Peter "na" Saint. Paul "gawara North America. July 15, 1741 maka oge mbụ hụrụ onyeisi mbenesụk "St. Paul "Alexei Chirikov. A ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị ship bịakwutere Chile n'okpuru idu ndú nke Bering. N'ihi na oké ifufe "St. Peter "bụ na a desert agwaetiti, ebe onyeisi ọchịagha nwụrụ nke scurvy. Olili nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ òtù nke njem a hụrụ na 1991.

Ya mere, na nsọpụrụ nke onye na-aha ya bụ Ọchịagha Islands? Na nsọpụrụ nke Ọchịagha Vitus Bering. Ma, ọ na-metụtara ọ bụghị nanị aha ndị isuo. Strait na Bering Sea na map na ugwu nke Pacific Ocean buru aha nke oké ọchịagha.

Rụzuru nke isii na asaa dị iche iche

N'ihi nke isii na asaa iwu natara ihe ọmụma bara uru na obodo, geological, ethnographic ubi n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Siberia, nakwa dị ka na-emeghe ma na-amụ Kuril Islands na n'ebe ugwu nke Japan.