Onye wuru Katidral nke Annunciation. Annunciation Cathedral nke Kremlin: nkọwa

The ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian steeti a na-ahụ ná ncheta nke nkà, ihe owuwu na akwụkwọ. The isi obodo nke buru ibu mba - Moscow na ya center - na Kremlin, nke taa abụghị nanị oche ochichi na president, ma a ngosi nka na-egosipụta niile milestones nke ịghọ a oké ike. Pụrụ iche na ya ije na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mgbagwoju ike ịgwa ndị ọbịa a otutu akpali ihe. Onye ọ bụla ụlọ nwere ya akụkụ nke anyị gara aga: elu, n'ámá, ubi, chọọchị dị iche iche nke Moscow Kremlin. Katidral nke Annunciation bụ nke kasị ochie ụlọ, ihu arụsị, echekwara na ya, ụbọchị laghachi oge nke guzobere Christianity na Russia.

ebe

The ụkpụrụ ụlọ center nke Moscow Kremlin bụ Cathedral Square. Abụọ ebube akụkọ ihe mere eme ncheta na-emi odude tinyere ya perimeta. South-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke square bụ Cathedral nke Annunciation, nke a na-akpọkarị gold-domed, ọ na-na-nsọ na aha nke Annunciation nke Virgin. The temple bụ a pụrụ iche nnọchiteanya nke oge ochie ije, na pearl nke Kremlin. N'ime ogologo oge nke ya adị, ọ e wughachiri ọtụtụ ugboro, mma na bụla ọzọ nnọchiteanya nke ala-eze usoro ndị eze, ma ọ bụghị efu isi nzube na ibido ụzọ hụ iche-iche. Iji chọpụta onye wuru na Annunciation Cathedral nke Moscow Kremlin, ị ga-atụgharị ihe ndị mere ya e kere eke. Ọ mara maka The Chronicle nke na isi mmalite na njedebe nke XIV Cathedral ya ebibiela.

akụkọ

The osisi ụka nke Annunciation nke unspecified data e wuru na 1290. Dị ka akụkọ mgbe ochie, ihe ka na-ewu e nyere site Prince Andrew, onye bụ nwa Aleksandra Nevskogo. Onye wuru Katidral nke Annunciation na mbụ osisi version bụ amaghi, ma site na njedebe nke XIV narị afọ na ọ dị adị n'ụdị a. The mkpa maka ike na nke mweghachi nke ụka malitere mgbe ọ napụtara Byzantine icon "Christ na sacristy nke na-acha ọcha." Ọ jikọtara ihe a merenụ mbụ e dere aha ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu katidral. Iji ugbu a version nke mbụ na-ewu na-eme ka ọ na ozi ọ bụla. Size, edemede nke ụlọ, ime na mputa mma nke ụka ịnọgide a omimi a na-apụghị kọwaa. Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke ndị XIV narị afọ na-amalite na-ewu nke nkume chọọchị, nke e mechara na-mara dị ka Cathedral nke Annunciation. History of n'ihu mgbanwe nke ụlọ nsọ nwere njikọ chiri na-isi, na mgbe ahụ na ndị eze na ezinụlọ na-achị achị na Russia.

XV narị afọ

Ya incarnation na nkume chọọchị ụgwọ Basil m (nwa Dmitry Donskoy), ọ bụ ya nyere iwu ka dina uka maka onyeisi ezinụlọ. Isi ọnọdụ bụ ndị na-ewu ya mbọhọ ka ulo ulo nile, otú ahụ ka Cathedral na Moscow Kremlin Annunciation obodo kpọrọ ụlọ nsọ "na ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata." Na 1405 ọ na-ese na n'ime ime mma e mere ma ama Russian ese (F. Greek, A. Rublev). The ụkpụrụ ụlọ atụmatụ nke kere Ọdịdị, ya imewe na-egosipụta mmetụta nke ndị Byzantine style, nke bụ kpamkpam n'ihi na guzobere Christianity na na oge. N'ime afọ 70 ahụ ụlọ nsọ na-eje ozi na-agbanweghi agbanwe na na 1483 e bibiri na iwu nke Ivan III.

The ewu nke Katidral

Full update Kremlin ụlọ-amalite na 1480. Duke nke Moscow, Ivan III kpọrọ Italian nwe na-arụ ọrụ, ma na ọnọdụ nke nhazigharị dum mgbagwoju nke ụlọ ke ochie Russian style. Onye wuru Katidral nke Annunciation? Site ndị mere n'ụbọchị ndị oge pụtara maara nke ọma n'eziokwu, na-asị na e wuru ụlọ nsọ site Russian architects. N'ihi na ndị a na ọrụ abuana ke Pskov architects, onye na enyem-aka nke Moscow nwe malitere owuwu nke ụlọ nsọ dị na 1984. Ntọala nke ochie na okpuru ulo na-eje ozi ya otú ahụ. E. The katidral e wuru nke otu udi ka nke ochie ahụ.

siri ike guzoro n'ihu Russian nna ukwu, ọ bụ n'otu dabara n'ime temple mgbagwoju nke ụlọ nke Kremlin. Si emere n'ubọchi na njedebe nke XIV narị afọ, ị pụrụ ọbụna ịmụta aha nke ndị wuru Cathedral nke Annunciation na Moscow a Architects si Pskov Myshkin na Krivtsov. Ọ ga-kwuru na talent ndị a, ekele mgbalị ha, ndị Kremlin emewo wee ọzọ pụrụ iche Ọdịdị ma banye akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ala kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ nke ndụ ya.

ije

Na 1489 ndị na-ewu nke katidral ahụ gwụrụ, udo Obodo Ukwu Gerontius. Ahụkarị atụmatụ nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ omenala nke Moscow na Pskov nwe ike deere na ụlọ a. Dị ka a tupu ẹdude temple, o nwere a square udi na lụrụ na atọ isi. Na akụkụ-chọpụtara ogidi, nke dị iche onye ọ bụla mgbidi nke ala njiko. Cross-domed ụlọ ahụ gburugburu kpuchie veranda. mgbanwe usoro kegide temple na residential ụlọ nke Kremlin mgbagwoju. Apses (emechi obere ịchụàjà ezumike) e odude n'akuku Iru-anyanwu. Main (okpukpe) designation anaghị egbochikwa bara ojiji, nke nēbu Annunciation Cathedral nke Kremlin. Description nke ebe ịchụàjà na-eme ka o kwe omume na iche na ke Re nwere ike ịchekwa obodo àkù.

oru

Grand isi, na mgbe ahụ niile Russian tsars eji Annunciation Cathedral nke Kremlin dị ka n'akụkụ chọọchị. Ọ na-emezu uche niile ezinụlọ sacraments (baptism, agbamakwụkwọ). Katidral ghọrọ nna nke onye na-achị Russia, ọ na-ekwu ya, aka kwadebe na n'aka uche, nwere ike inye eze ndụmọdụ ogologo mkparịta ụka. The Annunciation Church wee na-ahụ uru nke isi (eze) ezinụlọ (ochie, ihe oyiyi, ihe ncheta nke ndi nsọ). The mbụ isi Moscow echekwara na ya si coffers. Onye ọ bụla nnọchiteanya nke ọzọ usoro ndị eze, rigoro ocheeze, na-agbalị ka mma ime nke Katidral, mee ya anya ihe nke onwe ha, na-ahapụ a na-echetara na nkpuru.

XVI na narị afọ

Onye wuru Katidral nke Annunciation, nke anyị na-ahụ taa? Ajụjụ bụ mfe, na ụlọ ahụ na-emelite ugboro ugboro na njikọ na oku ke Moscow na na n'ihi agha na revolutions. The kasị dị ịrịba ama mgbanwe n'ọdịdị nke temple wee ebe n'oge XVI na narị afọ. Vasily III n'oge ọchịchị ya nyere iwu agba temple "ọgaranya." Nke a na-arụ ọrụ dọtara kacha mma ese na Russia (Theodosius, Fedor Edikeev). The isi ebumnobi nke frescoes e ẹnịm, ma mma nke katidral e na gụchara dị oké ọnụ ahịa na nkume. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke domes mụbara 9 (akara Holy Virgin ochie Christianity), ọ bụla nke na-ntekwasa na gold, n'ihi ya, ọ na-aghọ Zlatoverkh katidral. N'ebe ndịda n'ọnụ ụzọ nke ya iji na-aduak naanị maka ndị eze nleta (isi) ezinụlọ, ebe ha ẹmen ebere na ndị fọdụrụ mgbe ọrụ.

Ivan Grozny

Na 1547 Moscow na Kremlin ụlọ budata emetụta nnukwu ọkụ. Katidral nke Annunciation bụ sokwa, ka Ivan Grozny nyere ya iwu ka n'ụzọ zuru ezu naghachi (ma ọ bụ ụlọ). Na 1564, ndị e wuru ụlọ nsọ, na-ese, mma ihe n'ụba karịa n'okpuru nna ya (Vasily III), na ìhè. Owuwu Ụzọ Mbata mma na pịrị nkume ọcha portals, bụ ndị e mere site Italian nwe. Unique maka na oge ígwè na ọla kọpa ụzọ, mma na gold. Ọ na-e ikpe reconstructed iconostasis na-ese uko, mgbidi na ogidi nke temple. Họpụta site Ivana Groznogo na Annunciation Cathedral bụ mmasị owuwu ụzọ mbata (Grozny), na-enye ya, ọ bụ ebe eze huru a eweta ọnwụ ya.

n'oge na

Ọ were ocheeze nke Romanov usoro ndị eze, nke na-na-na mma Cathedral nke Annunciation. Ya ụdi akụkọ ihe mere bụ ihe atụ nke ịkpachara anya àgwà ndị Old Russian ihu arụsị. The kasị dị ịrịba mmebi nke chọọchị ahụ na 1917, a shei kụrụ ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata e bibiri Grozny, nke bụghị e weghachiri eweghachi. The Bolsheviks kpaliri ndị isi obodo na Moscow na enịm ke Kremlin na-edu ndú nke mba ahụ. Pụrụ iche mere eme, okpukpe na ụkpụrụ ụlọ saịtị ghọrọ keerughi ndị nkịtị anya. The ọchịchị ọhụrụ mgbe ogologo oge meghere n'ọnụ ụzọ akụkọ ihe mere eme n'etiti obodo, na-eke ndị Moscow Kremlin Museums. Annunciation Cathedral arụ ọrụ na nke a ike ruo na 1993. Taa ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie Orthodox nsọ saịtị na-arụ ọrụ na ókèala anyị na ala.

ụlọ ọgbara

Katidral nke Annunciation e wuru n'elu ọtụtụ narị afọ. Ọ n'ezie mejupụtara ọtụtụ ụlọ nke dị iche iche oge na-agwakọta n'otu iji na-etolite maara ọdịdị mmadụ n'oge a na temple. Na XVI na narị afọ na katidral na-mmasị anọ ụlọ ekpere, onye ọ bụla kpuwere isi, na atọ nke itoolu isi na-achọ. The ime ohere bụ obere na size, t. Iji. Katidral a chọrọ naanị maka akwa (eze) ezinụlọ. The ụkpụrụ ụlọ ịke nke ewu nwere ike kọwara dị ka ihe Old Russian, Byzantine omenala. The dome Ọdịdị na-efu nke ọkụ na-emepụta na mmetụta nke vetikal ije, ke ido mma ike deere Pskov ụkpụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ (square ogidi, arches gbochiri). Moscow nna-ukwu nwere na ihu nke katidral mgbidi na portals ụdị patterned belt. Annunciation Cathedral bụ ihe pụrụ iche na ya ije na ụlọ mere eme.

iconostasis

The pụrụ iche mejupụtara na afọ nke collection, emi odude ke ọtụtụ tiers (e nyere ahịrị). Oyiyi XIV, XV, XVI narị afọ, ndị pụrụ iche ncheta nke oge ochie Christianity adade ke temple. N'etiti ha bụ ndị ọrụ Andreya Rubleva na Feofana Greka, nke ọbọhọ ruo mgbe ụbọchị anyị. Oyiyi na-egosi ihe ndị mere Christ ndụ, kere XVI na narị afọ, ha ụgwọ ọnwa na-mere site pụrụ iche iji na 1896. Ijuanya iconostasis Annunciation Cathedral bụ n'ihi na ọ na-ekpe na ebe a eze image na-achị na a ụfọdụ nkeji oge. Mgbe ọnwụ nke eze na akara ngosi na-oyiyi-ya e bufere Onyeisi Ndị Mmụọ Ozi Cathedral ma dọba na a okuteili.

sere

Ihe odide kasị ochie authentic samples of frescoes furu ọkụ na reconstructions nke katidral. Modern sere bụ ha mbipụta, e mere ya site na nka nke XVI narị afọ, nke na-agbalị ime na agba, udi ma na uru akụkọ. Gịnị bụ ihe ijuanya bụ eziokwu na ha na omenala Bible motifs na mgbidi, arches, ogidi egosi ihu nke Russian isi na oge ochie ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma, ọ na-enye ndị dị otú ahụ a pụrụ iche ncheta dị ka Annunciation Cathedral nke Kremlin. Moscow, Russia nwere ọzọ oge ochie samples mural n'ụlọ nsọ. Nke a ngosi nka ụlọ ọrụ nke okpukpe art, nke na-enweghị analogues. The oyiyi nke Annunciation bụ nke kasị ochie na obere iconography ụdị.