Perchloric acid - Properties, Production na ngwa. anya

Perchloric acid (HClO4 usoro) - bụ a monobasic acid anhydrous. Nwere chlorine (cl) na elu ọxịdashọn ala, n'ihi nke a, na ọ bụ ike oxidizer. Mgbawa.

Properties perchloric acid

1. Nke a bụ a obodo mmiri mmiri na-enweghị agba, a otutu anwuru na ikuku, na monomer na abụọ. Ejighị n'aka na nnọọ reactionary. Iji a acid e ji mara avtodegidratatsiya:

3HClO4 = H3O + (cation) + ClO- (anion) + Cl2O7 (chlorine monoxide)

2. Nke a umi bụ ngwa ngwa soluble na chlorinated na organofluorine solvents dị ka CH2Cl2 (methylene chloride), CHCl3 (chloroform), na ndị ọzọ. Agwakọta ya na ndị ọzọ solvents na ngosi mbenata Njirimara, akpachapụghị anya njikwa nwere ike ime ka ihe mgbawa ma ọ bụ ọkụ.

3. Ọ bụ nke ọma weere na mmiri (H2O) ọ bụla n'ike-n'ike. Fọm ọtụtụ hydrates. Lekwasị ngwọta nke a acid nwere ubé mmanu mmanu anọgidesi. Nke a okenye acid ngwọta nwere ezigbo kwụsie ike na a ala oxidizing ike. Na mmiri anyị na-atụle umi Nleta ihe azeotrope nke na okpomọkụ nke 203 degrees Juda na e dere 72 percent nke HClO4.

4. Perchloric acid (HClO4 usoro) bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị sie ike asịd. N'ihi nke a, na ya acidic na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụfọdụ ogige akpa àgwà dị ka bases.

5. The belata nsogbu na nwayọọ kpo oku a ngwakọta nke perchloric acid na phosphoric anhydride kpụrụ colorless mmanu mmanu mmiri mmiri - chlorine dioxide:

2HClO4 (perchloric acid) + P4O10 (phosphoric anhydride) = Cl2O7 (chlorine dioxide) + H2P4O11

Ụzọ maka nkwadebe

1. okenye agbanwe agbanwe nke a gị n'ụlọnga nwere ike kwadebere n'ụzọ abụọ. Nke mbụ bụ electrochemical ọxịdashọn nke chlorine ma ọ bụ hydrochloric acid na lekwasị hydrochloric acid, na nke abụọ - na abụọ decomposition nke sodium perchlorate ma ọ bụ potassium inorganic ike asịd.

2. The anhydrous perchloric acid pụrụ inweta na ụzọ abụọ, kwa. The mbụ mejupụtara na omume potassium perchlorate (K) ma ọ bụ sodium (Na) na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid na lekwasị ụdị, na nke abụọ - na mmekọrịta oleum na otu okenye ihe ngwọta nke perchloric acid:

KClO4 (okenye ihe ngwọta nke perchloric acid) + H2SO4 (na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid) = KHSO4 (potassium hydrogensulfate) + HClO4 (perchloric acid)

Ngwa nke perchloric acid

- lekwasị ngwọta ejikarị nweta perchlorates (salts nke asịd), na na-gbasara nyocha onwu;

- perchloric acid na-eji na decomposition nke ores dị ka a mkpali na analysis of minerals;

- potassium perchlorate (Formula: KClO4), a nnu nke a acid, a na-eji ike na-agbawa agbawa, na magnesium perchlorate (anhydrone, mg (ClO4) 2) a na-eji dị ka desiccant.

Safety na-arụ ọrụ

Perchloric acid, anhydrous ike ogologo echekwara ma gaa, dị ka na ọkọlọtọ ọnọdụ ọ bụ ngwa ngwa rụrụ arụ na ike ekemende spontaneously agbawa.

Ọzọ chlorine-nwere inorganic acid:

1. hydrochloric acid (Formula: HCl) - monobasic ike acid, corrosive, fuming mmiri mmiri ikuku. Applied electroforming (pickling, etching) na na hydrometallurgy, maka nhicha ọla n'oge tinning na soldering, na-emepụta manganese chloride, zinc, ígwè na ndị ọzọ ọla. na umi ke nri ụlọ ọrụ na-aha dị ka a nri mmako E507.

2. Hypochlorous acid (Formula: HClO) - nnọọ na-adịghị ike monobasic acid. Ọ nwere ike na-adị ke ngwọta. Eji maka ịdị ọcha nzube nakwa dị ka bleaching textiles na pulp.

3. chlorous acid (HClO2) - ajụ ike monobasic acid. Bụ ejighị n'aka ya free ụdị, na-emekarị rere ngwa ngwa na a itughari okenye ihe ngwọta. The anhydride nke a acid ka amaghi.

4. chloric acid (HClO3) - monobasic ike acid. Ọ bụghị nwetara free ụdị, dị ka oge izu na lekwasị ngwọta. Na okenye agbanwe agbanwe, e nwere mgbe a ịta ala karịa 30 percent. Oputara mụ na ala okpomọkụ.