Swedish Korol Karl 12: biography, akụkọ ihe mere eme, foto, afọ nke ndụ ya na eze

Otu n'ime ndị kasị controversial eze nke Scandinavia bụ Swedish Korol Karl 12. N'oge ọchịchị ya, mmeri nke Scandinavian mba ruru ha kacha ókè, ma ọ bụ, dị ka a n'ihi nke meriri n'agha, bụ njedebe nke Swedish Alaeze Ukwu. Otu nke kasị ukwuu dike nke mba ma ọ bụ na onye emeriri bụ Carl 12 - Swedish eze? Biography nke eze ga-ekwe ka anyị na-eleba anya n'okwu a.

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Gịnị bụ nwoke a - Swedish Korol Karl 12? Brief biography nke eze, dị ka na-atụ anya, ụbọchị laghachi ọmụmụ nke kpuwere onye. Na ọ ga-amalite mgbe anyị akụkọ.

Ya mere, ọdịnihu Swedish Korol Karl 12, a mụrụ na June 1682 na isi obodo nke Stockholm. Nna ya bụ eze Sweden Carl 11-Palatinate Tsvaybryukkenskoy usoro ndị eze ya, na nne - Ulrika Eleonora, nwa nwanyị Eze Frederik nke Denmark 3.

12 Karl dị nnọọ mma maka na oge ọzụzụ, ka ọ pụtara ìhè site na ọ dịkarịa ala, eziokwu ahụ bụ na ya na di ya bụ ka okwu ọtụtụ asụsụ.

Nrigo ocheeze

Karl 11, nwụrụ n'oge, mgbe ọ dị afọ 41, mgbe nwa ya nwoke bụ naanị afọ 14. Kemgbe ahụ Carl 12 - na Swedish eze. Ọ kpuwere ozugbo ndị nne na nna nwụrụ na March 1697.

N'agbanyeghị nna ya chọrọ na ọmụmụ akabeghị afọ 12 Karl siri ọnwụ na mmara ya afọ na renounced regency ochichi.

The mbụ agha

Si akpa afọ nke ọchịchị ya, o wee ghọọ aka dị iche iche agha mkpọsa Carl 12 - na Swedish eze. The biography nke a onye na-achị na-fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam esịnede nkọwa nke ya mkpọsa. Na a flurry nke ọrụ bụ bụghị ikpeazụ ọrụ na-egwuri site okorobịa maximalism.

12 Karl maara na ọ ga-abụ a see na Russia mmekota, Denmark na Poland, ma o sina dị, alaghị azụ na-amalite na mba ndị a na see okwu. Ya mbụ igba o zigara megide Denmark na 1700. Otú malitere Ukwu Northern War.

The pretext maka agha edinam bụ mmegide na nwa nwanne nna Karl 12, King Frederik of Denmark, na-arụrụ ndị Swedish edidem Fridriha Golshteyn-Gottorp. Inweta na ya a dịtụ obere agha nkeji, Karl mere 12 ngwa ọdịda na isi obodo nke ya na-ama - n'obodo Copenhagen. Decisiveness na ọsọ edinam nke Swedish eze manyere ịjụ Danish eze nke ụwa, adịghị atụ anya ka ndị dị otú ahụ a ọsọ na-eto eto na Charles.

Denmark kwenye eziokwu mere ka nnukwu discontent n'etiti ya jikọrọ aka - na Polish eze August 2, onye bụkwa ndị Elector nke Saxony, na Russian Tsar Peter 1, mgbe e mesịrị utu aha Great.

The agha na Baltic States

Na February 1700 ndị Saxon agha nọchigide August 2 Swedish obodo na Baltic States. N'oge na-adịghị agha sonyeere ike nke na-anọchite anya nke mgbochi na-Swedish mmekota - 1 Peter.

Russian agha nọchigide na Baltic obodo nke Narva na Ivangorod, ekesịpde Sweden. Ke idaha emi, Carl 12 ọzọ gosiri ya mkpebi siri ike na ngwa ngwa echiche. Na isi nke expeditionary agha, na mbụ na-eme ememe mmeri ha meriri Denmark, o rutere n'ebe ndị Baltic States. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị agha nke ndị agha Russia n'okpuru iwu nke Field Marshal de Croix bụ ugboro atọ dị elu karịa Swedish agha, Karl bụghị egwu na-enye bụrụkwa agha. Nkwuwa okwu ya utịp dị ka Sweden meriri zuru mmeri. Russian agha ahụhụ bukwanu space na ihe onwunwe funahụrụ, akpan akpan furu efu nile ha ogbunigwe.

Control n'elu Pribaltikoy Karlom 12 e weghachiri.

War na Poland

The ọzọ iro nke Charles 12, bụ ndị nwere obibi, bụ Eze nke Poland na Elector nke Saxony n'otu oge on August 2.

Ọ ga-kwuru na August 2 nwere ike na-adabere na ya Saxon agha. Na Poland, ọ bụ a na-amabughị, kpọrọ n'ocheeze. E wezụga nnọọ usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Commonwealth gụnyere enweghị isiike centralized management, bukwanu nnwere onwe nke na ama, nke mere ka eze ike bụ nnọọ ike. Ọ bụghị banyere eziokwu na na Poland, e nwere mmegide na August 2, njikere ịkwado Karl 12. The eduga ọrụ na ya na-egwuri magnate Stanisław Leszczynski.

Swedish Korol Karl 12 ke 1702 wakporo Poland. Mgbe Agha nke Klishove O jiri August 2, n'agbanyeghị na ndị agha ya numerically usụhọde iro agha ugboro abụọ. The Swedes weghaara niile iro ogbunigwe.

Na 1704, ndị nnọchiteanya nke ndị Polish gentry, ndị na-akwado Charles 12, August 2 na wepụ kwusara eze Stanislava Leschinskogo. De facto achịkwa ókèala Rzeczpospolita Korol Stanislav ike igosi na nkwado nke Swedish edidem na 1706. Ọ mere na mgbe 12 Carl akpatre mebiri 2 August na-amanye ndị ikpeazụ ikwubi Altranshtedsky ụwa, dị ka nke ọ renounced Polish ocheeze, kama ọ nọ na-Electorate nke Saxony.

Ibugo onu na Russia

N'ihi ya, site na njedebe nke 1706 nke dum mmekota, na-emegide ndị Swedish, naanị Russia nọgidere na n'ohu. Ma ya akara aka yiri ka anọkwasị. The agha Charles meriri ndị Russian n'otu oge ọ gbasịrị ndị ọzọ na-ekwu. Ugbu a, mgbe Peter 1 furu efu ha jikọrọ aka, na ọrụ ebube nwere ike ịzọpụta Russian ala-eze si ngụkọta chịlie aka elu.

Otú ọ dị, mgbe ndị Swedish King Carl 12 E ji site Polish omume, Peter 1 jisiri iti apụ ya usoro nke Baltic obodo na ọbụna na-hụrụ ke bi ya isi obodo ọhụrụ - St. Petersburg. Kwesịrị ịdị, ọnọdụ a mere ka iwe Scandinavian edidem. O kpebiri igbu otu igbu na onye-iro, akada Moscow.

Dị ka agha megide Poland, tupu mbuso agha nke Charles 12 hụrụ allies. Dị ka ihe tinye-mere Little Russian Hetman Ivan Mazepa na Cossack ojii, ghara inwe afọ ojuju na mmachi nke nnwere onwe ha site na tsarist ọchịchị. Na support Mazeppa egwuri a dị mkpa ná mkpebi ịkwaga Moscow Charles site Little Russia. Ruo mgbe na-adịbeghị anya, ndị Peter 1 ekweghị na nke a nkwekọrịta aghụghọ, dị ka bụ nnọọ ike n'ihe nye ndị Cossack hetman, ma nke bụ eziokwu nke nkwekọrịta n'etiti ndị Swedish eze na Mazepa ya ihe karịrị otu ugboro kọrọ. Ke adianade do, na-arụrụ Charles 12, e kwesịrị ime ka ndị Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu, nke n'oge ahụ na-alụ agha na Russian ike.

N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1708 ndị agha Charles 12, banyere ókèala ndị Russian alaeze ahụ, nke bụ n'oge na-adịghị ghọọ Russian Alaeze Ukwu. The Swedish eze lara Little Russia, na ya nnapụta si Baltic kpaliri General Lewenhaupt. Na September 1708 ka e merie ya site Russian agha nọ n'okpuru Forest, na enweghị oge jikọọ na ya Ọkaakaa.

agha nke Poltava

12 Carl (King of Sweden) na Pita 1 zutere na 1709 na agha nke Poltava, nke bụ Scandinavian edidem nọchigide ọtụtụ ọnwa. Ọ n'ezie bụ bụrụkwa agha bụghị naanị kpere Russian mkpọsa, ma dum nke Northern War. Agha di ike, na itule na-tilting na one direction na mgbe na ọzọ. N'ikpeazụ, ekele amamihe nke Peter 1, ndị Swedes e kpamkpam agbaji. Ha na-efu fọrọ nke nta ka 10,000 gburu ma merụọ, na ndị ọzọ karịa 2,5 puku. Ndị mmadụ nọ na weghaara.

12 Karl onwe ya unan na obere ihe lanarị na raara onwe ya nye ndị mmadụ, na-ahapụ a akụkụ buru ibu nke ndị agha ya akara aka. Mgbe ahụ, remnants nke Swedish agha capitulated na Perevolochna. N'ihi ya, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mkpọrọ Swedes mụbara site 10-15 puku. Man.

ịrịba ama agha ahu maka Russia, bụ nke e gwepịara site Swedish King Carl 12. Photos nke ụka, nke e wuru ebe nchekwa nke a oké ihe omume ahụ na saịtị nke agha, na-etinye n'elu.

Ihe mere maka mmeri

Ma n'ihi ihe ụfọdụ m furu efu agha Carl 12 - Swedish eze? Afọ nke eze na-achị na-akara dị ebube mmeri, na ihe siri ike ọnọdụ. Ọ bụ onye mmụta pụrụ iche nke Peter 1?

N'ezie, Russian Ọkaakaa agha talent keere a dị ịrịba ama ọrụ na mmeri Swedes, ma e nwere ndị ọzọ dị ịrịba ihe. Russian agha ugboro abụọ, ma eleghị anya, ndị ọzọ, ọtụtụ karịa Swedish. Ivan Mazepa, enyemaka na-atụ anya n'ihi na Carl na-enweghị ka kwenye ọtụtụ ndị Cossacks n'akụkụ nke Swedish edidem. Ke adianade do, Turks nọ dịghị ọsọ ọsọ iji nyere aka.

A ịrịba ama ọrụ na-emeri nke Charles bụ eziokwu na ntughari nke dị n'ókèala Russia e nyere ya adịghị mfe. Agha ya tara ahụhụ a isi na-abụghị ọgụ weere metụtara na ogo nke mkpọsa. Ke adianade do, ọ bụ mgbe niile ruffled oge ufodu Russian agha ẹma ẹsịn awakpo na-ezo. N'ihi ya, na ngụkọta ọnwụ nke Swedish agha na oge nke obibia Poltava, gua fọrọ nke nta ka a atọ nke ndị agha ya. Mgbe ahụ, Swedes ka ọnwa atọ nọchibido Poltava. Russian agha bụghị naanị ugboro abụọ na Swedes na ọnụ ọgụgụ, ma e nwekwara dịtụ ọhụrụ, na iche na-eti onye iro agha.

Echefula na mgbe Karl 12 na oge nke agha, na ama ama ọchịagha, ma, o sina dị, ọ bụ naanị afọ 27, na-eto eto - a Ugboro enyi nke na-egbu egbu njehie.

Nānọdu Bendery

All ndị ọzọ nke ndụ m 12 Charles bụ a inwe nke mmeri e meriri na ihe ndọghachi azụ. Poltava agha ghọrọ a ụdị Rubicon n'agbata afọ nke ebube na mmechuihu. Mgbe egwu mmeri megide Carl Peter 1 12 efehe onwunwe nke ya mmekorita - na Turkish ọchịchị. Swedish edidem kwụsịrị n'obodo Bendery, na na ókèala nke dịkọrọ ndụ Transnistria.

Adịkwa ndị agha niile, Eze nke Sweden manyere ibuso Russian diplomacy. Ọ kpaliri ndị Turkish ọchịchị ịga agha na Russian n'eluigwe. Na 1711, ya na mgbalị akpatre abịa fruition. N'etiti Russia na ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman malitere ọzọ agha. The pụta nọ na-akụda ya Peter 1: ọ fọrọ nke nta ka e weghaara na efu ụfọdụ nke onwunwe ha. Ma Carl na 12 mmeri a, ndị Turks ndibọhọ ihe ọ bụla. Ọzọkwa, dị ka ụwa, kwubiri na 1713 n'etiti Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu na Russia, na Swedish eze forcibly chụpụrụ site Sultan nke Turkish onwunwe. E nwere ọbụna esere na Janissaries, nke Carl e merụrụ ahụ.

N'ihi ya biri a afọ anọ mgbe obibi nke Swedish eze Bender. N'oge a, alaeze ukwu ya esịn ke size budata. Ọ furu efu nke dị n'ókèala Finland, na Baltic States na Germany. Na Poland ọzọ we buru eze andikabuana iro nke Charles 12 - August 2.

Homecoming

Iri na abụọ ụbọchị 12 Carl gafere dum Europe ma ruo n'obodo Stralsund - Swedish onwunwe na ndịda n'ụsọ Oké Osimiri Baltic. Ọ dị ya nnọọ na-precipitated site Danes. Karl gbalịrị igosi obodo a obere nkeji nke agha, ma okpu. Mgbe ahụ, ọ kwagara Sweden ịnọgide na-enwe ya nwe dịkarịa ala na Scandinavia.

Carl iso ifịk arụmọrụ ke Norway, nke bụ akụkụ nke Danish okpueze. N'otu oge ahụ, nghọta mgbagwoju nke ọnọdụ ya, ọ na-agbalị ikwubi a udo nkwekorita na Russia.

ọnwụ

Dị ka ukara version, Karl 12, e gburu na 1718 na Norway site a kpafuo bullet-alụ ọgụ megide Danes. Ọ mere na ndị e wusiri ike Fredriksten.

Dị ka ọzọ version, ọnwụ ya bụ n'ihi a izu ọjọọ nke Swedish oké ozu, nke e-enweghị afọ ojuju na-emezughị mba ọzọ amụma nke eze.

Ọ bụ ka a omimi ajụjụ nke na aka ya furu efu Swedish King Carl 12 afọ ndụ nke a edidem - si 1682 na 1718. Death sogidesiri Charles na 36 afọ.

General e ji mara

Dị ebube, ọgaranya, ma obere ndụ biri Swedish Korol Karl 12. biography, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ya mkpọsa na ọnwụ e weere na a nyochaa. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ na-ekweta na Karl 12 bụ oké agha ndú ndị maara otú e si merie agha, ole na ole ndị agha karịa onye iro. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ya adịghị ike dị ka a statesman. 12 Karl enweghị ike nọrọ ná nchebe n'ọdịnihu ọganihu nke Sweden. Ugbua n'oge ya ndụ tupu dike alaeze malitere ịda iche.

Ma, n'ezie, Karl 12 bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị pụta ìhè mmadụ na Swedish akụkọ ihe mere eme.