Tectonic Ọdịdị East European larịị. The enyemaka nke East European Plain

East European Plain bụ akụkụ nke East European n'elu ikpo okwu. Nke a bụ oge ochie na ike unit, na apịaji n'akụkụ eriri. Nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ n'elu ikpo okwu nwegasịrị Urals. Tectonic Ọdịdị nke ahụ East European Plain bụ na n'ebe ndịda ya ókè-ala-ya na Mediterranean apịaji belt na Sitia efere, nke enyene ohere nke Nga Caucasus na Crimea. Ókè na ya gbatịrị si ọnụ ndị Danube, tinyere ndị Black na Azov n'oké osimiri.

tectonics

Mgbagwoju tectonic Ọdịdị nke ahụ East European Plain e mụọ site na ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. Foreign ọkachamara na-akpọ ya Russian (ke otu ụzọ dị ka a n'elu ikpo okwu). Part nke ya n'ebe ndịda na-aga site na mpaghara Tsimlyansk esite. E nwere otu nnukwu geological anomaly - Chief Eastern European ezumike. Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'elu ikpo okwu na mpaghara ebe a bụ nnọọ ike, dị ka ọ juts n'ime wedges Sitia efere.

N'ihi na ezigbo ebe tectonic Ọdịdị East European larịị mkpumkpu. Ọkà mmụta sayensị dịpụrụ adịpụ abụọ nnukwu-ọta egbugbere ọnụ (Ukrainian na Baltic) nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ebe nke na-emighị emi ma miri eji ehi ura ntọala. Ọ na-emi esịnede Archean, Proterozoic na nke miri emi formations.

Archean strata

Tiered tectonic Ọdịdị nke ahụ East European Plain bụ na ntọala n'anwụ nọ n'ógbè ndị Baltic Shield na Karelia na Kola Peninsula. Otu pụrụ hụrụ si Archean oyi akwa na Konotop, Podolsky na Dnieper arrays. Lee, ọ na-anọchi anya ya amphibolites, migmatites na gneisses. Na ndị a nkume ọtụtụ ụyọkọ nke ferruginous quartzite na graphite. Ha afọ - banyere 3 nde afọ.

Ihe atụ ọzọ nke Archean oyi akwa - Voronezh anticline, ebe ntọala na-tọrọ na bụghị miri nnọọ emi. Ọ mejupụtara mgbawa ugwu formations na femic. A nkume na-ji a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke intrusions nke acidic na isi mejupụtara, afọ nke bụ ihe 2.7 nde afọ.

Ẹsụhọde na-azụ

Ihu ọma, na-East European Plain - a n'elu ikpo okwu cover na-apịaji sediments nke Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic na Cenozoic oge. Russian ntọala slab iche mkpumkpu enyemaka nke ntọala nke ụlọ. Ya Ọdịdị ekewa anọ bụ isi zones subsidences na uplifts. Ha alternately ọzọ ọ bụla ọzọ. Nke a bụ Caspian ebe subsidence, gbaa Sarmatian ebe, Baltic-Central Russian ebe subsidence na gbaa onye Baltic ebe.

The nkezi ike nke n'elu ikpo okwu bụ site 35 ruo 40 kilomita (kacha ike ofu na Voronezh anticlise - 55 kilomita ebe thickened basalt oyi akwa bụ ugbu). Kacha nta nọmba emetụta na Caspian syncline. Eweli basalt oyi akwa dugara crustal thinning Pachelma aulacogene.

Caspian n'usoro

Kpọmkwem afọ nke East European Plain - 1.6-2.6 nde afọ (ndị kasị ochie nke ya na saịtị na-emi odude ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ akụkụ). Site ogologo guzo arrays gụnyere Tatar, Caspian na Zhiguli-Pugachevsky. Ha na-akọrọ protoplatformenny ikpe. The kasị n'usoro - Caspian. Na Samara na Saratov Trans-Volga Volga ya nwere nke ọma. Ha kpughere elu alumina Archean gneisses na schists.

Caspian n'usoro na-efu nke nke kpebisiri ike site elu nke East European Plain na ya n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ala, dị iche iche kpọmkwem miri Ọdịdị. Na ya center e nwere a konkiri oyi akwa, ma ugbu ịrị elu basalt na Aralsorskom Hobdinskom ndọda highs. Ọzọ picture bụ nke dị ná mpụga nke n'usoro. E nwere ugbu a thinned oyi akwa nke konkiri.

Caspian syneclise agụnye ọtụtụ nnu domes. On ya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu n'akụkụ e nwere miri mmejọ (Volgograd ogbo, Yulia Zhadovskaya ihu Tokarevskaya flexure). Ntọala na-lowered ka a omimi nke 25 kilomita. Salt domes na-kacha mepụtara na Guryev ebe. Ha nha nwere ike inwe ọtụtụ narị square kilomita. Ha nwere zita, okirikiri na elliptical udi ọbụna. The kasị nnu domes - Chelkarsky, Dossorsky, Inder, Makat, Eltonsky na sugar-Lebyazhinsky.

Syncline na anticline

Moscow syneclise - ndị kasị ibu Russian n'elu ikpo okwu. Ndị dị otú ahụ, na ya Central akụkụ nke East European Plain. Photo na nnyocha geologists na-egosi na ya dị n'ebe ugwu ihu e nwere abụọ na-ebuli (Soligalichskoe na Sukhonsky). The ọtụtụ akụkụ nke syncline lowered nso Syktyvkar, nke ike deere ọtụtụ nnu domes (Seregovskie dome), wuru nke Devonian nnu. Ya isi bụ Srednerussky aulacogene jupụtara a oyi akwa nke abụba.

Ọzọ dị mkpa nke a tectonic mbara ọzara - na Volga-Ural anticline. Ọ mejupụtara a nnukwu Ikuku na elevations. Anticline e ji a mgbagwoju Ọdịdị. Ya isi elu - Tokmovsky uko na Mordovia. Dị anticlise wee isi mpaghara waterway - na Volga. Ndị ọzọ na isi osimiri nke East European Plain (ndị Don, Dnieper, Western Dvina) usụhọde ya na ọdọ mmiri ebe ndị ọzọ e ji mara.

enyemaka

The nkezi elu nke East European Plain bụ 170 mita. The ọgụgụ kasị e dere na Ural ugwu Tatarstan (479 mita). Ke ofụri ofụri, ewepụghị teren dịgasị dabere na mpaghara. The akụkụ-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ nwetụ larịị na uplands. The mbụ n'ime ha dị na ndagwurugwu nke Oka, n'ebe ugwu nke Donetsk nso. Nke a Upland. N'oge Dnieper glaciation kpuchie site a glasia. Nke a na-ìhè site e ji mara ego, gụnyere moraine na nri mben Oka, nso Serpukhov.

The Urals bụ Bugulmino-Belebei ugwu. Ọ na-ugwu ugwu na steeply sloping ala dị larịị. Ọ na-emi esịnede siltstone, na nkume nzu, ụrọ, marl na sandstone. E nwere ọtụtụ karst oghere na n'ọgba. Erosive enyemaka dissected site osimiri - tributaries nke Volga, Kama na Belaya. Hill bụ ọgaranya ego nke mmanụ (Romashkinskoye, Tuymazinskoe, Shkapovskoe). Gentle mkpọda oké ọhịa na-adịghị ike karịa n'elu syrts.

Volga Upland

Na nri akụ nke Volga-amalite Volga Upland. Ọ erukwa si Volgograd ka Nizhny Novgorod, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ bụ n'akụkụ aka Tambov di ala ala. Relief East European lari akụkụ a kpụrụ dị ka a n'ihi nke oké nkume mbibi, mgbe nke e guzobere nke ụrọ, ájá, nzu, marl na karama. All ndị a ego bụ Paleocene, Jurassic na Cretaceous.

More oge ochie na ihe siri ike Permian na Carboniferous nkume nzu outcrop na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Samara Bend. N'etiti ego kwesịkwara mata ike sandstones. The crystalline n'okpuru ala nke Volga Uplands na-lowered ka a ukwuu omimi (banyere 800 mita).

The nso ka Oka-Don di ala ala, na ihe-ebelata n'elu. Volga mkpọda ugwu, na dissected ọtụtụ ndagwurugwu na gullies. N'ihi nke a, e, e guzobere bụ nkume nkume.

Total Sirt na Oka-Don di ala ala

Total Sirt - ọzọ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọrụ enyemaka, nke bụ dị iche iche nke East European Plain. Photos of mpaghara a na ókè-ala nke Russia na Kazakhstan show ebe chernozem, chestnut Ona na saline Ona na-enwe mmeri na watersheds na osimiri ndagwurugwu. N'ozuzu Syrt Zavolzhe amalite mgbe na gbatịrị maka 500 kilomita n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ọ na tumadi dị na ebe n'etiti Greater na Lesser Irgiz Irgiz, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ n'akụkụ aka Southern Urals.

N'agbata Privolzhskaya na Upland odude Oka-Don di ala ala. Ya n'ebe ugwu na-mara dị Meschera. The ugwu ókè nke dị larịị bụ Oka. Na Ndida nke eke ókè - Kalach Upland. Otu akụkụ dị mkpa nke di ala ala - Oka-Tsninsky aro. Ọ erukwa site Morshansk, Kasimov na kapet. Na n'ebe ugwu nke ebe Oka-Don di ala ala kpụrụ si ice ego, na n'ebe ndịda ya bụ ntọala nke ájá.

Valdai na Northern Uvaly

The nnukwu East European Plain emi odude n'etiti Atlantic na Arctic osimiri. The efere nke osimiri na-asọpụta n'ime ha, na-amalite na na Valdai Hills. Ya kasị elu mgbe - 346 mita. Valdai emi odude ke Smolensk, Tver na Novgorod mpaghara. Ọ e ji ugwu ugwu moraine riiji-na enyemaka. E nwere ọtụtụ nke marshes na ọdọ mmiri (gụnyere Lake Seliger na Verhnevolzhskie).

The northernmost akụkụ nke East European Plain - Northern Uvaly. Ha ogide na ókèala ndị Republic of Komi, Kostroma, Kirov na Vologda mpaghara. Esịnede a ugwu, nke nta nke nta mbelata na a northerly direction ruo mgbe ọ na-adịgide megide White na Barents n'oké osimiri. Ya kacha elu - 293 mita. Northern Uvaly - Watershed efere nke Northern Dvina na Volga.

Black Sea di ala ala

N'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-nke East European Plain agwụ na Black Sea di ala ala, emi odude na ókèala nke Ukraine na Moldova. On otu akụkụ ya na-bounded site Danube Delta, na ndị ọzọ - Azov Kalminus osimiri. The Black Sea di ala ala na-agụnye neogenovyh na paleogenovyh Abụba (ụrọ, ájá na nkume nzu). Ha na-egbochi loam na loess.

Di ala ala ndagwurugwu gafere site ọtụtụ osimiri: ndị Dniester, Southern Bug na Dnieper. Ha bịara dị iche nkpoda na Ugboro mbuze. On n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọtụtụ estuaries (Dniester, Dnieper, na na. D.). Ọzọ recognizable mma - n'ụba ájá spits. Na Black Sea di ala ala adịkwaghị steppe odida obodo na ọchịchịrị aja aja na nwa ala. Nke a bụ ọgaranya na-akọ ugbo breadbasket.