The akụkọ ihe mere eme na etiti nke St. Petersburg: nkọwa ma foto. UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Ịpụ iche nke St. Petersburg na ya pụrụ iche ije, nwere ya siri ike mmadụ. Sịkwa ihe mere eme na etiti nke St. Petersburg bụ akụkụ nke UNESCO nketa n'ozuzu ya.

Nke a na-eto eto obodo bụ otú ọgaranya akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke ahụ ga-ezuru n'ọtụtụ obodo. Ọ bụ isi obodo nke oké Russian Alaeze Ukwu, ebe mere, na-emetụta ọ bụghị naanị na mba ma ụwa na nnukwu. The akụkọ ihe mere eme na etiti na ncheta nke St. Petersburg na ndị àmà ya.

History of obodo ewu

Back na 1703 n'àgwàetiti n'ebe nke nkewa nke osimiri Neva na aka uwe 2 - Big na Small Neva - e tọrọ ntọala St. Petersburg ebe e wusiri ike, bụ ndị na-ewu e rụrụ na a ọsọ ọsọ, dị ka agha dọkpụụrụ na, na na n'igbere mmiri na Gulf nke Finland na-achọ iji nweta a foothold n'ụzọ ọ bụla.

Wetlands slowed ndị na-ewu mgbidi nke ebe e wusiri ike na gburu ọtụtụ puku mmadụ, bụghị ẹkama oké ahụ mgbalị na ike na-arụ ọrụ ọnọdụ. Na-ewu yad nke mbụ osisi ụlọ wuru: na chọọchị nke St. Pita na Pọl, Sineti, ngwá na isi ahịa ọgwụ. Fọrọ nke nta ka afọ 300 na o were n'ebe ndị a ghọrọ ihe a na-esịne ke akụkọ ihe mere eme na etiti nke St. Petersburg.

Mgbe 3 afọ nke gwupụtatụrụla mgbidi nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie nkume, nke were ihe fọrọ nke nta ka afọ 35. Ná mmalite, Peter m chọrọ na obodo ahụ kpam kpam na nrutu nke ọwa, n'ịgbaso ihe nlereanya nke Venice, ma ndị na-ewu wee ọzọ ụkpụrụ ụlọ atụmatụ. Na oge a na St. Petersburg ọwa ogide naanị 10% nke ebe, nke bụ banyere 300 km.

St. Petersburg nwekwara obụrede mbụre ya àkwà mmiri, nke na-na ihe karịrị 300 iche iche nha na umu. Na-eto eto, obodo nta nke nta na enwetara atụmatụ na ndị a maara nke ọma taa, St Petersburg.

N'oge anyị a, ndị ọbịa nke dị n'ebe ugwu isi obodo nduzi agwa, ya anya ka akụkọ ihe mere eme na etiti nke St. Petersburg, gịnịkwa mere o ji ọnọdụ.

Pita na Pọl ebe e wusiri ike

The ebe e wusiri ike, nke ghọrọ onye mbụ Ọdịdị nke ahụ ga-eme n'ọdịnihu isi obodo na taa maara dị ka Pọl nwetara aha ya na chọọchị ahụ, emi odude na ókèala ya. Taa ọ bụ a akụkọ ihe mere eme na etiti nke St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg nke a na ịhụnanya maara dị ka "Pita na Pọl Ebe e wusiri ike" na maara na mgbidi ya na-echere dị ka n'etiti ehihie shot si a egbe ala.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ ebe e wusiri ike ndị dị otú ahụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta dị ka Commandant nke Engineers House, Akụ na Pita na Pọl Katidral. Ugbua na mmalite narị afọ nke 18 bastion ọ ghọrọ a n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'ihi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mkpọrọ, na otu onye nke mbụ mkpọrọ bụ nwa Peter m Tsarevich Alexei.

Nke nta nke nta, nkume mgbidi malitere njọ, n'ihi ya, e kpebiri na "akwa" ndị Neva na bastion mgbidi na konkiri. Nke ahụ bụ ihe taa na Paul Ebe e wusiri ike, nke ghọrọ ndị kasị ibu Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme ihe ngosi nka.

Admiralty

Nke mbụ ụlọ ahụ na ekpe mben Neva bụ ụlọ nke Admiralty. Ná mmalite turu ime site Peter m na-emebu na-ano, nke dị nso Pita na Pọl bastion, aghọwo a n'ezie e wusiri ike nkera. The mkpebi na-ewu a ebe e wusiri ike, e nwere a niile iyi egwu nke agha Swedes na-eto eto obodo.

The mbụ Admiralty ụlọ e dechara na 1705, na taa dum ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble na-ghọtara site UNESCO ka otu n'ime ndị kasị mma n'ụwa. Ya anya agbanweela nwayọọ nwayọọ. Na mbụ, ọ bụ ụlọ wuru n'ụdị nke akwụkwọ ozi "P", nke na-chọpụtara n'ime ano. Around ya e gwuru olulu, bụ nke dị n'azụ ahịhịa na nke kacha mma na-ekiri ebe.

Mgbe a oge, ọ ghọọ a ahịhịa Alexandrovsky ubi, gbara ya gburugburu 3 n'ámá - St. Isaac, Sineti na Obí. Na Admiralty Shipyards emeela ihe karịrị 300 ụgbọ mmiri, ruo mgbe e mechiri ná ngwụsị narị afọ nke 19, na ụlọ kpamkpam wughachiri. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka ọ nọ na "enwetara" ya a ma ama spire. On ya ike ifufe vane ke udi nke a ụgbọ mmiri, kpuchie na gold.

Admiralty taa - a mara mma ncheta nke n'oge classicism, akụkụ nke ụwa nketa. St. Petersburg si mere center, si n'aka si Admiralty na atọ dịgasị iche ibé ma ama n'okporo ámá - Nevsky Prospekt, Gorokhovaya Street na Voznesensky Prospekt.

St. Isaac Katidral

N'ịbụ nke-anọ n'ụwa na size, St. Isaac Katidral ke St. Petersburg nwere ogologo na mwute akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ. Nyere na mbụ version nke katidral e wuru na 1707, na nke ikpeazụ ya version e doro nsọ nime 1858, na ndị na-ewu were fọrọ nke nta 150 afọ.

Na mbụ, ọ bụ a osisi ụka wuru kwa nso na Neva. Na 1717, ọ kpebiri iji dochie nkume ụlọ, ma na 1724 mebie n'ihi na nke ya mbọhọ ka osimiri na a ọjọọ ntọala hụrụ na katidral. Ọ gbalịrị wughachi ma na-ewusi site Catherine m iwu, ma mgbe a mgbake, ọ na-ọkụ site a àmụmà iku.

Ọ na-e kpebiri-ewu St. Isaac Katidral na Admiralty ahịhịa, bụ ebe ọ nọ Isaac òkè, na Sineti Square. The ọhụrụ oru ngo-a tụrụ ime nnọọ nnukwu na-egbuke egbuke tiled na marble, ma ọnwụ nke Catherine II kwụsịtụrụ na-ewu mgbe ụlọ e wuru n'iru ọkara.

Ònye rịgooro ocheeze Paul m nyere iwu ka mezue ewu nke Katidral na nkume, nke kpebiri iji fọdụrụnụ nke marble maka owuwu nke n'obí ya. Ndị a na-adịghị mma Ọdịdị dugara eziokwu na ọ malitere ka mmiri plaster. Ọ chọrọ a ọhụrụ nwughari nke ụlọ, n'ihi na nke na-ama Alexander m na 1809 mara ọkwa a mpi n'etiti architects.

Ọ e kwesịrị ịbụ ama anọ version nke St. Isaac Katidral. Implementer nke oru ngo a họọrọ Montferrand, ihe nweta nke nke bụ na-enwetụbeghị ụdị nọmba nke chụpụrụ n'ime ntọala ikpo (10 762), 40-afọ ụlọ ahụ ma na a nnukwu-eri n'ihi na oge nke mere na katidral ndị kasị oké ọnụ Europe (23,256,852 rubles., Na 80 kopecks.).

O sina dị, St. Isaac Katidral ke St. Petersburg - taa bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mma na ụwa na a na-gụnyere na UNESCO ụwa nketa.

Nevsky -Atụmanya

Nevsky - a isi uzo, na-anọchi anya akụkọ ihe mere eme na etiti nke St. Petersburg. Ọ na-esetị 4.5 km si Admiralty na Alexander Nevsky Obibi, ejikọta 4 agwaetiti na Neva River. Ozugbo turu ime dị ka isi "pershpektiva" nke obodo, Nevsky Prospekt e wuru na abụọ n'otu oge na emeghị zere ihe merenụ. Mgbe o ruru n'etiti ndị na-ewu hụrụ ndudue na mgbawa, otú o nwere a ezumike. Part nke na e wuru na 1718 site na ebe obibi ndị mọnk, na-akpọ Neva, na òkè nke Admiralty, nke e dechara na 1720, na aha ya bụ "Ọtụtụ pershpektiva".

The nwayọọ nwayọọ mmepe nke Nevsky Prospekt ulo elu nile nke na ama, Filistia ụlọ na chọọchị dị iche iche emewo ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na taa bụ ụwa nanị isi n'okporo ámá, ebe e nwere ndị ụka nile 4 Christian nta na ndị kasị ama ụlọ na-eme ka akụkọ ihe mere eme na etiti nke St. Petersburg.

Na Soviet ụfọdụ, anyị gbalịrị ịnyegharị n'okporo ámá, ma aha-adịghị ndụ, otú ahụ ka Nevsky Prospekt na oge anyị a maara dị ka nke ọma dị ka Broadway na New York, na-Arbat na Moscow na Deribasovskaya na Odessa.

Gbụsara ọnụ mmiri nke Vasilyevsky Island

Iji ghọta, ya anya ka akụkọ ihe mere eme na etiti nke St. Petersburg, iji bịa na Vasilevsky Island. Ọbụna n'oge ndị Peter m, e kpebiri ime mmepe "akụ" Vasilyevsky Island.

N'okpuru oru ngo, e nwere ndị a ga-ewu, "mmadụ iri na abụọ mbadamba" (kasị elu ala alụmdi), na Stock Exchange, Katidral na Gostiny Dvor, ma na-ewu na echiche e mezuru naanị ikpe. Curiosities e wuru na n'obí Queen Praskovya Feodorovna, bụ onye na-esi na Academy nke Sciences.

Na Ndida nke campus e guzobere, na n'akuku Ugwu nke "akụ" ndị ahụ berths maka ebutu ụgbọ mmiri na mgbanwe ebe amụọ e mere. E nwekwara a ndụ ụlọ n'ogige ụlọ.

Ke mbubreyo narị afọ nke 18, e kpebiri ime ka nhazigharị nke Exchange na owuwu nke ụlọ ọhụrụ nke ulo mmuta. N'ihi na nke a agwaetiti pụtara ebube ogidi ọkụ ụlọ elu, nke taa bụ "na-akpọ kaadị" nke agwaetiti ahụ.

The n'ihu Neva mkpọda

The mbụ ebe ugbommiri na-ekedo na ozugbo zutere ndị mba ọzọ ụgbọ mmiri, a na-akpọ English. Jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na ya na-ewu ozugbo lekwasịrị anya n'eziokwu na ọ bụ "ihu" nke obodo ahụ na-agba ọsọ na ụkpụrụ nke "na-aga n'ihu facades". Mgbe n'ihu ya na konkiri ke mbubreyo narị afọ nke 18 na ọ ghọọ ihe ndị kasị fashionable ebe nke obodo. Ebe a bu ulo nke kasị illustrious ndị Russian Alaeze Ukwu.

Obí Square

The oyiyi nke Obí Square e guzobere nwayọọ nwayọọ. Wuru na 1762 Rastrelli mara mma Winter Obí, anọ na-n'azụ ụlọ na n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke square. Ya na-ewu malitere a ogologo usoro, ebe ọ bụ naanị na 1829 mere site Carlo Rossi ewu nke ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ Arched ụlọ ke Europe e dechara. Esịnede 2 ụlọ ejikọrọ na a mmeri njiko, ụlọ, na taa a na-egbu ya mma na monumentality.

Na 1834, ọ e arụnyere na Obí Square Alexander kọlụm. Na 40s n'ógbè abawanye n'isi ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ-eche ha nche agha na Post yad.

UNESCO nketa

The dum akụkọ ihe mere eme na etiti nke St. Petersburg, nke ngosi nke ọ na-adịghị na-ebunye ịma mma na amara, na-esịne ke UNESCO nketa ndepụta. Ikekwe, ọ bụ otu n'ime "ntà" nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ncheta nke a size na nke a na ndepụta.