The kasị ike osisi Russia: ndepụta na ụdị na atụmatụ. Geothermal ike osisi na Russia

Russia kemgbe Soviet oge na-egosi ezi ihe n'ihi na mmepụta nke ọkụ eletrik na thermal ike osisi. Russian ike osisi na-agbasasịkwa na ọtụtụ isi obodo nke mba. Tụlee ike kacha ike ike ọgbọ na ha pụrụ iche atụmatụ. Rịba ama na ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ e wuru azụ ke 60-80s nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ma site n'oge etinyere n'olu na ọhụrụ aghụghọ.

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP

Nke a ike na-ewe 7th ebe n'etiti ẹdude owuwu na ụwa na usoro nke arụnyere ikike. Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric ike ojii emi odude ke Yenisei, bụ ndị kasị elu dam na Russia na otu nke kasị elu na ụwa. Ya kacha ike bụ 13090 m ³ / s. The ike ebe a Russian ngalaba 21 bụ, igwe ụlọ na-agụnye haịdrọlik nkeji 10, na a ojii akụkụ - 10-adịgide adịgide Estern, na nke na-tọrọ penstocks. Mmiri e gbochiri egbochi ike osisi na-eme ka ịkpọlite ndị mmiri larịị ke Yenisei, si otú na-akpụ a na-esite. The imewe ike nke osisi bụ 6400 MW.

Krasnoyarsk GES

The mbụ ike osisi na Russia na-wuru na 50-60s nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Ya mere, Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric ike ojii wee malite iwu na 1955, bụkwa na Yenisei. Nke a ojii a na-akpọ obi Siberia si ume usoro, dị ka ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eduga ume suppliers na mpaghara. Ugbu a, Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric ike ojii bụ onye nke iri na isi ụgbọ nke ụwa, na steeti nke karịa 550 ndị mmadụ. N'ikpeazụ, ọ na-etinye n'ime ọrụ azụ na 1972 na kemgbe ahụ a nọgidere mma. Nke a hydroelectric ike ojii mejupụtara ọtụtụ ihe:

• ihe ike ndọda dam;
• gbochiri mmiri ike osisi ụlọ;
• echichi maka n'ikuku na nkesa nke ike;
• Lifts na pododnym ọwa.

On na-ewu nke abụọ ike Russian ike osisi ọ were fọrọ nke nta ka 6 nde m ³ nke ihe. Station iche eju 14,000 ^m3 / sec, na hydroelectric ike nke 6000 MW. Krasnoyarskoe dam esite kpụrụ nke 2000 km ^2. The peculiarity nke ike - na Wepụkwa naanị na Russia, nke dị mkpa n'ihi na amaokwu nke ụgbọ mmiri. Na 1995, hydroelectric hydroelectric ike ojii na-eyi site 50%, nke mere e kpebiri iji mepụtaghachi ihe na ime nke ugbua ha.

Surgut GRES

Russia kasị ike osisi ọkọnọ na Surgut GRES, emi odude ke Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. The ojii nwere ihe arụnyere eletriki ike nke 5597 MW, na-arụ metụtara mmanụ ala na eke gas. Ya na-ewu malitere na 80s, mgbe ókèala nke etiti Ob e nwere ụkọ nke ike. Dị ka mbụ oru ngo, ha nile ga-etinye 8 nkeji na ike ga-egosi Surgut GRES n'etiti ndị kasị dị ike thermal ụgbọ.

Bratsk HPP

Russia kasị ike osisi emi odude ke Angara River. Bratsk hydroelectric osisi bụ akụkụ nke Angara cascade, ịbụ onye ndú nke na mmepụta nke ọkụ eletrik na dum nke Eurasia. The mkpebi na-ewu nke ebe e mere na 1954, na Jizọs na-ezipụ ada itie ke 1967. Unique mpịakọta na mụ mmiri akụ nke Lake Baikal na Bratsk esite mmetụta na nke a HPP malitere akpọ ọrụ dị mkpa maka mmepe nke mba.

Ka ụbọchị, Bratsk HPP mejupụtara 18 nkeji, na ike na-emepụta na ọtụtụ-eji dị iche iche ọrụ. The ebe mejupụtara ọtụtụ noo, sochiri mgbe niile na-ekiri mkpara nke 300 ndị mmadụ. Ebe ọ bụ na Angara dịghị site igodo, na waterworks na ọ dịghị ihe navigation oghere. The arụnyere ike nke Bratsk hydroelectric ojii - 4500 MW.

Balakovo NPP

The ndepụta Russian ike osisi, nke na-emepụta dị nnọọ ukwuu nke na ọkụ eletrik, na anyị gụnyere Balakovo nuclear ike osisi, nke bụ onye ndú na nuclear ụlọ ọrụ nke mba. ike arụmọrụ e enweta ekele na-aga n'ihu mma nke akụrụngwa. Irè ụzọ dịkwuo ike mmepụta mụbara site rụọ imewe nke mmanụ nuklia. N'ọdụ ebe a na-eji ngwa agha na abụọ-circuit ike nkeji.

Kursk NPP

Energy bụ ntọala nke aku na uba na na Kursk mpaghara. Emi odude ebe a ike osisi Russia bụ n'etiti ise mbụ ụgbọ, nke n'ịwa ọzọ ike. Na ọkụ eletrik a ojii na-enye ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ na mpaghara. Kurskaia nuklia ike ebe bụ otu-akaghị ụdị, na-eme dị ka coolants mbụ ọcha mmiri na circulates na a mechiri emechi circuit.

Leningrad NPP

Leningrad nuklia ike ebe bụ nke mbụ na mba na-nwere RBMK-1000. Leningrad NPP mejupụtara anọ nkeji, na nnukwu na-emepụta ike na-aga n'ime ngụkọta oriri. Nke a ojii bụ kasị ike na-emeputa ke edere mpaghara nke Russia.

Geothermal isi mmalite maka abamuru nke mba

E nwere dị iche iche nke ike osisi na Russia. Ya mere, geothermal ike a na-ewere ndị kasị ekwe nke oge a mere eme, tinyere na mba anyị. Ndị ọkachamara na-ekweta na ihe ndị ụwa na-okpomọkụ mpịakọta ọtụtụ ibu ichekwa ike nke ụwa mmanụ na gas mee. Geothermal osisi ọ bụ ihe amamihe na-ewu ebe ndị e nwere mgbawa ugwu ebe. N'ihi na nkwonkwo na mmiri lava mmiri na-intensively ewe iwe, na-ekpo ọkụ mmiri na-kụrụ aka na n'elu dị ka geysers.

Dị otú ahụ eke Njirimara ekwe na-ewu n'oge a geothermal ike osisi na Russia. Ha na-na mba anyị a otutu:

1. Pauzhetskaya GeoPP. Nke a ojii e wuru na 1966 nso ugwu mgbawa Kambalny n'ihi mkpa residential niile na ọrụ nso ike. Arụnyere ike na oge nke mmalite bụ naanị 5 MW ike bụ mgbe ahụ mụbara 12 MW.
2. Upper Mutnovskaya pilot azụmahịa geothermal ike osisi emi odude ke Kamchatka Peninsula, na na oru na 1999. Ọ mejupụtara atọ nkeji nke 4 MW. Construction e rụrụ nso ugwu mgbawa Mutnovsky.
3. Ocean Geothermal Ike Osisi. Nke a ojii e wuru na Kuril Islands ke 2006.
4. Mendeleevskaya geothermal ike osisi. Nke a ojii e wuru iji nye kpo oku na ọkụ eletrik Yuzhno-Kurilsk.

Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, geothermal ike osisi ka na-arụ ọrụ na Russia. Active ọrụ na modernization nke ẹdude ụlọ ọrụ a na-ebupụ nke ga-ekwe distrikti na ulo oru odude nso mgbawa nkume, na ọ dị mkpa ego nke ike.

Ịgbaso ọganihu

Rịba ama na ike mmepe anaghị guzo. N'ihi ya, ọ bịara mara na Russia, akpan akpan, na Samara mpaghara, a ga-wuru ike anyanwụ. Ọkachamara na-ekwu na nke a oru ngo ga-aghọ a ịrịba onu, ọ bụghị nanị maka Samara mpaghara na mba dị ka a dum. Zubere ewu nke anyanwụ osisi ọbụna na ókèala Stavropol na Volgograd. Gbasara ẹdude ụlọ ọrụ, na n'ihi ntị ma na-adọ modernization, ha ga-enwe ike inye nri ego nke ike ọbụna ime n'ógbè Russia.