Zemsky Sobor. History of development

Zemsky Sobor - nke a bụ ihe dị mkpa na ogbo na mmepe nke Russia. Veche iwu adị na mba anyị ruo mgbe ebighị ebi, kama na e nwere oge mgbe niile onwe nke Koran. Ma gbakee ekwe omume nke na-achịkọta ọtụtụ ndị ala Ivan Grozny.

Zemsky Sobor gụnyere ndị nnọchiteanya nke ndị na-esonụ na klas: Boyar Duma, nke ndị so wee akụkụ ke Zemsky Sobor na zuru; Holy Synod, nke ha bụ naanị ndị kasị elu chọọchị; hoputara ndị si servicemen, Moscow na obodo mepere emepe ama, uta, Gunners na Cossacks; hoputara nnọchiteanya nke mepere emepe bi (chernososhnye na suburban) na ọtụtụ narị ákwà ma a ndụ ụlọ. Katidral nke mbụ nkpọkọta a na-akpọ "katidral nke dị ná mma."

The mbụ Zemsky Sobor e nwere iji mata ndị sonyere nke nzukọ ya na ahụ ọhụrụ mgbanwe Ivana Groznogo - na hoputara nzuko omeiwu. Dị ka a maara, ndị mgbanwe agụnye oruru nke nzuko omeiwu Strelets agha, na-ewebata ọhụrụ Sudebnik na mmepe mandative usoro na ike nke ndị gọọmenti etiti.

N'ime oge ahụ, ọrụ nke caste nnọchiteanya ahụ nwekwara ghọrọ usoro. Ya mere, site na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 16, ndị òtù ọgbakọ e nyere ikike mma accession ocheeze a ọhụrụ edidem. N'afọ ndị ahụ, e kpebiri na ọhụrụ na-achị achị na-enweta ihu ọma nke ndị mmadụ, na nke a na-egosipụta Zemsky Sobor.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke a ngwa development na-achị: e nwere mgbe ọrụ ya kpamkpam furu efu, na e nwere ndị ọzọ mgbe ákwà na mkpebi ya akara aka nke ala. Nsogbu oge bu ihe atu nke ikpeazụ oge.

Isi Zemsky Sobor

The mbụ kansul e nwere na Red Square, mgbe nke nzukọ kwagara Kremlin Chamber. Ebe ufọt ufọt 16 ka afọ narị afọ nke 17 n'ebe ahụ bụ banyere 50 nzukọ, nke e nwere ndị ahụ gbanwere ụzọ mba anyị akụkọ ihe mere eme.

Cathedral 1589 mma a controversial nominee ocheeze Borisa Godunova. Asịrị banyere ya ndisịn idem na Uglich ejije, e nwere ọtụtụ ndị, ma, oddly ezu, e mma site hoputara ọchịchị. The kasị ama na a na- Zemsky Sobor 1613 afọ, nke e nwere na mwere Katidral.

Dị ka a maara, katidral mma a ọhụrụ usoro ndị eze na Russian na ocheeze ya na-ada ka ike a na-eto eto Mikhail Romanov. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na ọ na-achị na-eto eto na eze mgbe niile kpọkọrọ nzukọ ndị a na-edozi iche iche nsogbu. Nọ ọdụ afọ 1632/1634 e nwere iji lebara nke ndị agha na Poland. N'oge a, ka a ọhụrụ "agha" tax - fifths ego. Collection 1648/1649 si e nwere mgbe mberede akasiaha Salt Naa na Moscow. Ọ na-atụle na nsogbu nke ochie iwu.

Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ na mkpebi e mere na-etinye ọrụ Council Usoro - a ọhụrụ set nke Russian iwu. Ikpeazụ Zemsky Sobor e nwere na 1653. N'oge a ná nzukọ e kpebiri isonyere Cossack agha na Ukraine n'ime Russia.

The uru nke akụkọ ihe mere eme

Zemsky Sobor malitere guzobere caste-nnọchiteanya onyeeze na Russia. Ma uto nke absolutist ọchịchọ ụdi eze ukwu ebelatawo ọrụ nke ahu.