"Zenit" rọketi. Booster 11K77 ( "Zenith")

RN 11K77 «Zenit» - Intermediate klas, e maka ịtụkwasị n'ime Earth orbit na akpaka mode nke obodo na agha Satellites na manned ugboelu. E nwere abụọ- na atọ-ogbo mgbanwe. The kerosin eji dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala ọkwa WG-1 na mmiri mmiri oxygen.

GOSIRI ibe ekwenye

On ajụjụ nke agha "Zenit" Russian ma ọ bụ Ukrainian, dịghị mfe zaa. Isi bughi ọcha na-e na Dnepropetrovsk CB "Southern" mgbalị nke Soviet injinia na ọkà mmụta sayensị. Mgbe ida nke Ego Union Design Bureau bịara n'okpuru ikike nke Ukraine, na-eburu ya profaịlụ ọrụ wee na mmepe nke "Zenit" usoro. Mee akụ ụta na-rụrụ na Dnepropetrovsk ụlọ ọrụ "Yuzhmash".

Ka ọ dịgodị, mkpa imewe ihe mepụtara na-arụpụtara site Russian ụlọ ọrụ. Karịsịa, boosters akara "DM" emepụta RKK "Energy", na mmiri mmiri rọketi engines Rd 171 na Rd-171M - NPO "ENERGOMASH". Ke ofụri ofụri, Russian ụlọ ọrụ na-enye 70% nke mmiri. Anyị nwere ike ikwu na "Zenith" - Ukrainian rọketi, na ya nri - Russian.

History nke e kere eke

CB "South" mbụ e mepụtara abụọ-ogbo rọketi "Zenith" na index 11K77 na ngwụsị afọ ndị 1970 - n'oge n'afo 1980., dị ka ọrụ nke Ministry of Defense nke USSR nwere igba egbe ụgbọala nke ga-ekwe ka ị na ngwa ngwa na rụọ ọrụ nke ọma jupụta otu nke agha Satellites.

Ntem, mgbe ọ na-emebe a uche pụrụ iche na ugwo pụrụ ịdabere, ala nke iji na-agba nke nkwadebe maka igba egbe, nke e-enweta site ọtụtụ ojiji nke Standardization na akpaaka. Boosters arọ klas site definition, nwere ike ịbụ mobile, otú ahụ ka ndị na-emepụta nwere lekwasịrị anya emebe RN n'etiti òtù.

N'ụzọ dị iche na usoro mepụtara na aga na afọ, a na imewe na-eji ihe ndị kasị elu technology ọzụzụ na-amalite-elu, mepụtara Sri SK, Ghaat onye "CB" Southern "na ọtụtụ ihe omume.

Mmejuputa iwu nke ụgbọ elu

The mpụta mbụ egbe nke ụgbọelu rọketi na April 1985, nke bụ abnormally dị ka ugboro ugboro. Ịga nke ọma mmalite-elu-rụrụ October 1985. Ná mmalite, mgbagwoju na-elekwasị anya na-arụmọrụ mmepụta nke agha Satellites na sọrọ-eji usoro, ma mgbe e mesịrị na e nwere a na-agbanwe gaa na igba egbe nke azụmahịa Satellites.

A abụọ nke ebe ngwa nke mbụ version nke "Zenit-2» 11K77 bụ iji hụ na ụgbọ elu na ohere ebe "Mir" na-arụ ọrụ n'ụgbọ. Iji soro niile chọrọ maka igba egbe ugbo ala manned ugboelu na "Zenit" ewu bukwanu esịtidem redundancy na iwere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ jikoro rụọ ọrụ ndị pụrụ ịdabere e liri ya.

Isi imewe parameters

"Zenith" - rọketi, onye oru e ji mara na imewe kwa-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ndị kasị elu na mba ụkpụrụ. Kwesịrị nlebara anya pụrụ iche na eziokwu na ihe karịrị 90% nke ngụkọta uka nke nzọụkwụ dị mkpa ka mmanụ ụgbọala òkè. N'ihi ya, ndị na-ewu ma nkebi bụ onye nke kasị mma n'ime oge a astronautics.

Banyere 1st ogbo ọ bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi elu arụmọrụ RD171M engine, nakwa dị ka enweghị mpụta boosters. Enweghị n'akụkụ accelerators n'ihu simplifies nkwadebe maka igba egbe, dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi ọdịiche dị n'etiti "Zenit" na ndị ọzọ na igba egbe ugbo ala. Ọzọkwa, ogbo imewe bụ ihe oru oma, na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pyrotechnic ngwaọrụ, na-enwekwu n'ozuzu pụrụ ịdabere site na iwepu mkpa maka a nkewa usoro n'akụkụ accelerators. Ke adianade do, a dịgasị iche iche nke na-ejizi niile n'ụzọ nke ụgbọ elu na-enye ohere na-ebupụta nke "Zenith" dị iche iche ifufe gbapụrụ ọsọ na na dị iche iche ihu igwe ọnọdụ, nke nwekwara-eme ka na-adọ na ezi mwepụ nke payload.

isi usoro

Na RN nwere a zuru set of on-osisi electronic ngwá maka ọrụ nke telemetry usoro. Onboard Telemetry System "Sirius" TMI enye nnyefe na abụọ dị iche iche na redio ọwa ẹdude NPC, emi odude ke n'ókèala Russia.

Nkewa nzọụkwụ - "na-ekpo ọkụ": na iji n'iru engine mmalite ogbo 2, mebie mezhstupennyh n'ibu njikọ na braking na anọ SRM separable akụkụ nke mbụ ogbo. Mgbe ya mwepụ ka a dị anya na-agba ọsọ na-esikwu 2nd ogbo.

RN arụnyere na ndị na-esonụ usoro iji hụ na ya ime ihe na ịrụ ọrụ nke ụgbọ elu:

• akara usoro;
• n'ihe usoro;
• kwuru ọmụmụ mmanụ ụgbọala tụkwasị usoro components;
• mmanụ ụgbọala oriri akara usoro;
• refueling akara usoro;
• ụgbọ elu nche;
• ikuku okpomọkụ akara usoro nke a elu nsogbu ;
• Okpomọkụ akara ọcha;
• thermostating usoro ọcha;
• a haịdrọlik usoro;
• pozharopreduprezhdeniya usoro.

modernization

"Zenit-2" mgbe ida nke USSR na-adịghị mikpuru n'ime nchefu. Ukrainian ụlọ ọrụ "Yuzhmash" nọgidere na-emepụta "Zenith" oru ngo na imekọ ihe ọnụ na Russian na mba ọzọ mmekọ. agha usoro, ikwe na-ebu na-ebupụta si n'ala ( "Zenit-2SL B", "Zenit-3SL B", "Zenit-3SL BF") na site offshore nyiwe ( "Zenit-3SL") e mepụtara. Fọrọ nke nta niile na-amalite agba ala-Dabere rụrụ na Baikonur.

International oru ngo "Sea Launch" hazie na 1995 site ná mgbalị nke ndị na-American ụlọ ọrụ Boeing Commercial Space (40% nke isi obodo), na Russian RKK "Energy" (25%), Ukrainian Software "Pivdenmash" na CB "South" (ngụkọta òkè nke 15%) na Norwegian shipbuilders Aker Solutions (20%). Ebumnuche nke Constrium bụ ugbu a ihe adaba na-eri-irè na-ebupụta nke oké osimiri "Odyssey" n'elu ikpo okwu dị na ụwa. Demonstrative agha ule gabiga ihe ịga nke ọma. Ebe ọ bụ na 1999 ọ e rụrụ 32 ọma azụmahịa igba egbe na "Zenit-3SL», na 4 okpu. N'oge, n'ihi na na-ezighị ezi ndị na na Ukraine, Ukraine n'akụkụ na oru ngo kwụsịtụrụ ya òkè.

akpa ogbo

Na-ewu nke mbụ ogbo "Zenit" na-agụnye:

• mezhstupennuyu etiti;
• RD171 (RD171M) engine;
• a ọdụ ngalaba;
• mmanụ a na-oxidizer tankị.

Mezhstupennaya etiti na-anọchi anya a mgbanwe ogige welded truss. Ọ n'ịnyịnya n'akụkụ osisi elektropnevmorazemov enye nkwukọrịta usoro, igba egbe ụgbọala na ugboelu na nke kwesịrị ekwesị ala dabeere na usoro na-amalite ILV.

The mmanụ ụgbọala tankị na-enịm PGSP akpaaka mmiri, sensọ VHC, Surte, na oxidizer tank, Ọzọkwa, ihe pressurization usoro arụnyere cylinders. The ọdụ ngalaba na-etinye RD171M anọ na-ulo engine nke via aro okpokolo agba arụnyere na ala ọgwụgwụ eku.

engine RD171

The ike osisi e mere na-ike traction na ịchịkwa mgbalị gafee niile ọwa RCN stabilization. Nke a engine e arụnyere ná mmalite nkebi nke ihe niile mgbanwe "Zenit". Rọketi na ugbu a na-onwem na elu RD171M mgbanwe. The engine imewe mgbanwe a iji na-rụọ ọrụ ya pụrụ ịdabere na arụmọrụ.

Na RD171 hụrụ iji elu ndị ọzọ n'ichepụta technology nke mmiri mmiri rọketi engines mepụtara Russian ụlọ ọrụ na ubi nke engine. Ugbu RD171M mgbanwe bụ ike kacha ike LRE n'ụwa, ya nzube na amalite (n'ụwa) bụ 740.

Agba nke abụọ

The ewu nke abụọ ogbo nke "Zenit" na-agụnye:

• ngwá modul;
• boosters Rd-120;
• RD8 n'iru engine.
• oxidizer na mmanụ ụgbọala tankị;
• ọdụ ngalaba.

The ngwá modul isi akụkụ dị onboard electronic ngwa akara usoro na n'ihe usoro. Mmanụ ụgbọala tankị, dị ka na mbụ ogbo, ndị sensọ na-ndokwa Surte, VHC, PGSP akpaaka mmiri na oxidizer tank - cylinders supercharging usoro.

Ọdụ ngalaba na cylindrical riveted bughi envelopu accommodates moto ngọngọ esịnede a ejima engine propulsion Rd-120 na quad n'iru RD8 engine.

"Zenith": na roketi na ya nkọwa

N'oge na-arụ ọrụ nke igba egbe ugbo ala "Zenith" niile iche nke 82 mmalite-elu e rụrụ, ọtụtụ ndị ikpeazụ kpamkpam ọma (69 amalite), 4 - ikpe agaghị nke ọma, ndị fọdụrụ abnormally.

• Agha ogologo: 57-59,6 m.
• Number nke nkebi 2 ma ọ bụ 3.
• The kacha dayameta nke 3.9 m.
• Payload: 15 tọn maka Sea Launch usoro, 13.7 m - maka terrestrial usoro.
• Malite ibu: 445-462 tọn.

N'agbanyeghị ihe atụ nke ihe ịga nke ọma imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba mmemme "Zenith", ndị agha bụ ugbu a adịghị emepụta n'ihi na ejighị n'aka ọnọdụ na Ukraine.